The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Postpartum Substance Use and Depressive Symptoms: A Review
Open accessAbstract
National survey data suggest that new mothers have high prevalences of alcohol and illicit drug use. Depression correlates with substance use, and new mothers with postpartum depression may be at high risk for substance use. Understanding postpartum substance use and its relationship to postpartum depression can inform future research and intervention. A literature search was conducted resulting in 12 studies published from 1999-2012 examining postpartum alcohol use, drug use, or combined postpartum depression and substance use. Postpartum alcohol (prevalence range 30.1%-49%) and drug use (4.5%-8.5%) were lower than use among not pregnant, not postpartum women (41.5%-57.5%, 7.6%-10.6%, respectively) but higher than use among pregnant women (5.4%-11.6%, 3.7%-4.3%, respectively). Correlates of postpartum problem drinking were being unemployed, unmarried, and a cigarette smoker. Prevalence of drug use was highest among white new mothers, followed by blacks and Hispanics, but black new mothers appeared at greater risk of drug use. No identified studies examined correlates of postpartum drug use beyond race/ethnicity. Postpartum depressive symptoms were prevalent among postpartum substance users and those with a substance use history (19.7%-46%). The postpartum period is a critical time. Prevalent substance use and the scarcity of studies warrant research to identify means to reduce maternal substance use.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Other nonsystematic and systematic reviews have also explored specific maternal risks when mothers’ PPD is untreated, including more weight problems,18,19 alcohol and illicit drug use,20 social relationship problems,21 breastfeeding problems,22 or persistent depression23 compared with women who have received treatment.”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [20]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Widiger, T. A. (2000) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1037/10518-009 · Cited by 19,766
Perinatal Depression: A Systematic Review of Prevalence and Incidence
Gavin, N. I., Gaynes, B. N., Lohr, K. N., Meltzer-Brody, S., Gartlehner, G., & Swinson, T. (2005) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000183597.31630.db · Cited by 3,282
The comorbidity of depression and substance use disorders
Swendsen, J. (2000) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(99)00026-4 · Cited by 632
CDC grand rounds: prescription drug overdoses - a U.S. epidemic.
(2012) · PubMed · Cited by 494
The impact of maternal depression on familial relationships
Burke, L. (2003) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/0954026031000136866 · Cited by 416
Depression during pregnancy: rates, risks and consequences--Motherisk Update 2008.
Marcus, S. M. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 366
Madadi, P., Ross, C., Hayden, M. R., Carleton, B., Gaedigk, A., Leeder, J. S., & Koren, G. (2008) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/clpt.2008.157 · Cited by 308
Origins and consequences of child neglect in substance abuse families
Dunn, M. G., Tarter, R. E., Mezzich, A. C., Vanyukov, M. M., Kirisci, L., & Kirillova, G. P. (2002) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(02)00132-0 · Cited by 261
Racial/Ethnic Variations in Substance-Related Disorders Among Adolescents in the United States
Wu, L.-T. T. (2011) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.120 · Cited by 223
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- Bryan T. L., 1999, J Reprod Med, 44, 351
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2012, Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 61, 10
- Jagodzinski T., 2007, Wis Med J, 106, 319
- Marcus S. M., 2009, Canadian J Clin Pharmacol, 16, e15
- McLeod D., 2002, NZ Med J, 115, 1
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 2001, The NHSDA report: Pregnancy and illicit drug use
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 2003, Results from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of national finding. (DHHS Publication No. SMA 03-3836, NHSDA Series H-22)
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 2005, The NHSDA Report, Substance use during pregnancy: 2002 and 2003 update
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 2005, The NSDUH report
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 2008, Alcohol use among pregnant and recent mothers: 2002 to 2007
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–125 of 125
Current Resources for Evidence‐Based Practice, March/April 2014
Avery, M. D. (2014) · Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health · doi:10.1111/jmwh.12180 · Cited by 1
Rahimi, M., Karimi, N., Sedighi, M., & Mousavi, S. (2019) · Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology · doi:10.29252/johe.8.3.141 · Cited by 1
Successful Behavior Change Communication Process to Reduce Postpartum Alcohol Intake
Rajapaksa-Hewageegana, N. (2019) · Journal of Quality in Health Care & Economics · doi:10.23880/jqhe-16000133 · Cited by 1
Wu, D., Ng, M., Gupta, S. S., Raynor, P., Tao, Y., Ren, Y., Hung, P., Qiao, S., Zhang, J., Fillo, J., et al. (2024) · JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting · doi:10.2196/52735 · Cited by 1
Prenatal Substance Misuse: Exploring Healthcare Providers' Attitudes and Perceptions
Trainor, K. (2019) · IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) · doi:10.7912/c2/1209 · Cited by 1
Postpartum depression in Jamaica: Exploring the lived experiences.
Elmore, S. (2023) · ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository (University of Louisville) · doi:10.18297/etd/4107 · Cited by 1
Substance Use Disorders in Pregnancy and Lactation
Johnson, E., & Myers, S. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-71497-0_14
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Perinatal Depression
Sockol, L. E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108355605.025
Dauber, S. E., Hammond, C., Hogue, A., Henderson, C. E., Nugent, J., Ford, V. L., Brown, J., Scott, L., & Ondersma, S. J. (2022) · doi:10.2196/preprints.37865
García-Baos, A., Ferreres-Álvarez, I., Gallego‐Landin, I., Puig-Reyné, X., Castro‐Zavala, A., Valverde, O., & Martín‐Sánchez, A. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.05.06.490916
Joyce, K. M., Delaquis, C. P., Sulymka, J., Conway, A., Garcia, J., Paton, A., Alsaidi, T. H., Kelly, L. E., & Roos, L. E. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/bmhqj
Claridge, A. M., & Beeson, T. (2024) · Women s Health Issues · doi:10.1016/j.whi.2024.09.005
Jeung, C., Attanasio, L. B., & Geissler, K. H. (2025) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2024.1152
Patterns of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Postpartum Depressive Symptoms
Shin, S. H., Choi, C., Jiskrova, G. K., Tomlinson, C. A., Corso, C. B., & Kimbrough, T. N. (2025) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-025-00720-2
Gidey, S. N., Tefera, F., Ababiya, T. H., Fissehatsion, F. A., Teka, B., Zergaw, R., Urgecha, E., Habtegiorgis, Y., Bate, Z., & seifu, A. K. (2025) · American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.11648/j.ajpn.20251302.12 · Cited by 1
Rubyan, M. J., Weaver, A., Tang, X., Gorton, S., Kim, S. G., Bodie, N., Harris, E., Landry, C., Long, B., Whitted, R., et al. (2025) · Families in Society The Journal of Contemporary Social Services · doi:10.1177/10443894251357635
Joudi, N., Reddy, N. S., Sherwin, E. B., Markwei, M. T., Hurtado, J., Simpson, S. L., Burgess, J. J., Leonard, S. A., Schultz, M., Carvalho, B., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.ijoa.2025.104822
Dadi, A. F., Akalu, T. Y., Wolde, H. F., & Baraki, A. G. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.18849182
Duko, B., Wolde, D. K., & Alemayehu, Y. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13266045
RAJ, F. P., Espiridion, E. D., & Jiang, X. (. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.100263
Barker, L. C., Dennis, C., & Vigod, S. N. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781911623496.013
Wernette, G. T., Sen, A., Chen, D., Countryman, K., Mmeje, O. O., Ngo, Q., Gold, K. J., Kahler, C. W., & Zlotnick, C. (2026) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/95944
Narbey, L. T., Demirci, J. R., Lee, J. H., Niemczyk, N. A., Sereika, S. M., Krans, E. E., & Standish, K. R. (2026) · Journal of Human Lactation · doi:10.1177/08903344261452002
Pregnancy-Associated Drug Overdose Mortality in the United States, 2018–2023
(23811826), L. B. D., Goldman-Mellor, S. J., Joachim, G. E., Gemmill, A., & Margerison, C. E. (2026) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000006389
Smid, M. C., Charles, J. E., Allshouse, A. A., Castro, S., Humiston, G. E., Cash, E., Turner, E., Carlston, K., Gibson, M., Gordon, A. J., et al. (2026) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2026.113325
Metadata
- Authors
- Chapman, S. L. C., & Wu, L.-T.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chapman, Shawna L. Carroll
- ORCID
- Wu, Li-Tzy
- Venue
- Women & Health
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-07
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 479-503
- ISSN
- 0363-0242 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-0331
- PMC
- PMC3742364
- OpenAlex
- W1981164640
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 2.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Women & Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA019623, R33DA027503, R01DA019901)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Keywords
- postpartum depression, illicit drug use, maternal substance use, depressive symptoms, prevalence, racial and ethnic differences, smoking, unemployment, marital status, pregnant women
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Alcohol Drinking, Female, Humans, Mothers, Pregnancy, Depression, Postpartum, Substance-Related Disorders, Postpartum Period
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
