The Genesis and Evolution of Online Degree Programs: Who Are They For and What Have We Lost Along The Way?

Bejerano, Arleen R.

doi:10.1080/03634520801993697

Cited by 102Online and Blended LearningEducational Innovations and ChallengesEducation during COVID-19 pandemic

The Genesis and Evolution of Online Degree Programs: Who Are They For and What Have We Lost Along The Way?

Bejerano, Arleen R.·2008·Communication Education

DOI 10.1080/03634520801993697

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Across the nation, colleges and universities are adopting the Internet as the new medium for instruction at an increasing rate. As a result of this growing trend, more and more students are getting their education away from the traditional classroom setting. This shift in instruction has called into question whether students who take online courses and programs are getting the same caliber of education as their face-to-face counterparts, or if they are missing out on important variables that will help them succeed. This article begins with a definition of online education and traces its origins in distance education. Next, the institutions who offer online education and students who take these courses are identified. The paper concludes with a discussion of why administrators, educators, and students should be cautioned when using online technologies to replace traditional classroom instruction.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/03634520801993697

Cites

6 of 6 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Others argue that students who choose to take courses online take different courses.
“while others argue that students who choose to take courses online take different courses (Bejerano, 2008;Fischer et al., 2021;Jaggars, 2014;Wladis et al., 2014Wladis et al., , 2017)”
From Competing hypotheses about online versus face-to-face course outcomes: Analysis leveraging the unique circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic (2025) · cites this paper as Bejerano, 2008
Students who take courses both online and face-to-face have been found to choose to take courses that are less 'interesting' or 'important' to them online; these courses are therefore already likely to have worse outcomes regardless of medium.
“Students who take courses both online and face-to-face have been found to choose to take courses that are less”
From Competing hypotheses about online versus face-to-face course outcomes: Analysis leveraging the unique circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic (2025) · cites this paper as Bejerano, 2008
The study compares originally chosen medium rather than actual medium to disentangle hypotheses about course selection from medium effects.
“We compare originally chosen medium (rather than actual medium) because if students selected different types of courses online than face-to-face (e.g., by taking courses that are less important to them online as suggested byBejerano [2008] and Jaggars [2014]), and this is correlated with differential course outcomes (H2), then this categorization allows us to disentangle H2 from H1.”
From Competing hypotheses about online versus face-to-face course outcomes: Analysis leveraging the unique circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic (2025) · cites this paper as Bejerano [2008]
Course importance (e.g., major requirement vs elective) is a factor in students' choice of course medium, as shown in prior research.
“which has been shown to be a factor in students' choice of medium in the research literature.”
From Competing hypotheses about online versus face-to-face course outcomes: Analysis leveraging the unique circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic (2025) · cites this paper as Bejerano [2008]

Dropout from Higher Education: A Theoretical Synthesis of Recent Research
Tinto, V. (1975) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.2307/1170024 · Cited by 7,888 · see citing works
Making the Grade: Online Education in the United States, 2006.
Allen, I. E., & Seaman, J. (2006) · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Educational technology
Jordan, R. R. (1997) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511733062.023 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
The Acceptability of Online Degrees Earned as a Credential for Obtaining Employment
Adams, J., & DeFleur, M. H. (2005) · Communication Education · doi:10.1080/03634520500343376 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Online Interactions: Developing a Neglected Aspect of the Virtual Classroom.
Hughes, C. S., & Hewson, L. (1998) · Educational Technology archive · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The Acceptability of Credentials Earned Online for Obtaining Employment in the Health Care Professions
Adams, J., DeFleur, M. H., & Heald, G. R. (2007) · Communication Education · doi:10.1080/03634520701344959 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

A study on perception of teachers and students toward online classes in Dakshina Kannada and Udupi District
Kulal, A., & Nayak, A. (2020) · AAOU Journal/AAOU journal · doi:10.1108/aaouj-07-2020-0047 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Supporting Learning Engagement with Online Students
Buelow, J. R., Barry, T. A., & Rich, L. E. (2018) · Online Learning · doi:10.24059/olj.v22i4.1384 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Online teaching and technological affordances: An experimental investigation into the impact of modality and clarity on perceived and actual learning
Limperos, A. M., Buckner, M. M., Kaufmann, R., & Frisby, B. N. (2015) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2014.12.015 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Online learning environments in higher education: Connectivism vs. dissociation
Reese, S. A. (2014) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-013-9303-7 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Virtually the Same?: Student Perceptions of the Equivalence of Online Classes to Face-to-Face Classes
Platt, C. A., Raile, A. N. W., & Yu, N. (2015) · Cited by 102 · see citing works
The computer-mediated communication (CMC) classroom: a challenge of medium, presence, interaction, identity, and relationship
Sherblom, J. C. (2010) · Communication Education · doi:10.1080/03634523.2010.486440 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Faculty Perceptions of Teaching Online During the COVID-19 University Transition of Courses to an Online Format
Kerr-Sims, S., & Baker, D. M. A. (2021) · Journal of Teaching and Learning with Technology · doi:10.14434/jotlt.v10i1.31621 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Online Learning and the Development of Counseling Self-Efficacy Beliefs
Watson, J. C. (2012) · The Professional Counselor · doi:10.15241/jcw.2.2.143 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Academic and Social Integration in the Basic Communication Course: Predictors of Students' Out-of-Class Communication and Academic Learning
Sidelinger, R. J., Bolen, D. M., McMullen, A. L., & Nyeste, M. C. (2014) · Communication Studies · doi:10.1080/10510974.2013.856807 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Teacher’s Perception on Online Teaching method during Covid-19: With Reference to School Level Teachers at Faculty of Education, The Open University of Sri Lanka
Priyadarshani, H. D. C., & Jesuiya, D. (2021) · Shanlax International Journal of Education · doi:10.34293/education.v9i2.3662 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Students' Perceptions of Social Presence: Rhetorical and Relational Goals Across Three Mediated Instructional Designs
Frisby, B. N., Limperos, A. M., Record, R. A., Candidate, D., & Downs, E. (2013) · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Online versus Face-to-Face: Students' Preferences for College Course Attributes
Mann, J. T., & Henneberry, S. R. (2014) · Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics · doi:10.1017/s1074070800000602 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Social Networking Websites: An Exploratory Study of Student Peer Socializing in an Online LIS Program
Luo, L. (2010) · Journal of Education for Library and Information Science · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Beyond Flexibility and Convenience
Watts, J. (2017) · Journal of Business and Technical Communication · doi:10.1177/1050651917713251 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The Influence of Virtual Education on Classroom Culture
Greenan, K. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Communication · doi:10.3389/fcomm.2021.641214 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The relationship between motivation and online social presence in an online class
Tao, Y. (2009) · Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research · Cited by 20 · see citing works
What Characteristics of College Students Influence Their Decisions to Select Online Courses
Mann, J., & Henneberry, S. R. (2012) · Online journal of distance learning administration · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Considerations for Faculty Preparing to Develop and Teach Online Criminal Justice Courses at Traditional Institutions of Higher Learning
Hummer, D., Sims, B. A., Wooditch, A., & Salley, K. S. (2010) · Journal of Criminal Justice Education · doi:10.1080/10511253.2010.488108 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The Prehistory of MOOCs: Inclusive and Exclusive Access in the Cyclical Evolution of Higher Education
Longstaff, E. (2014) · Journal of Organisational Transformation & Social Change · doi:10.1179/1477963314z.00000000028 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Middle School Students' Mathematics Knowledge Retention: Online or Face-To-Face Environments.
Edwards, C. M., Rule, A. C., & Boody, R. M. (2017) · UNI ScholarWorks (University of Northern Iowa) · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Online learning experiences of social work students in India
Krishnan, S. R. G., & Joseph, J. J. (2023) · Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1177/14680173231207962 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Perceptions of online credentials for school principals
Richardson, J. W., McLeod, S., & Dikkers, A. G. (2011) · Journal of Educational Administration · doi:10.1108/09578231111146461 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Let's Connect: Using Adobe Connect to Foster Group Collaboration in the Online Classroom
Kaufmann, R., & Frisby, B. N. (2013) · Communication Teacher · doi:10.1080/17404622.2013.798014 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Metody i narzędzia kształcenia zdalnego w polskich uczelniach w czasie pandemii COVID-19 – Część 1, Dyskusja 2020
Topol, P. (1970) · Studia Edukacyjne · doi:10.14746/se.2020.58.4 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Online Education in Family and Consumer Sciences University Programs and Four Models for Teaching Online
Rehm, M. L., Allison, B. N., Bencomo, A., & Godfrey, R. V. (2013) · Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal · doi:10.1111/fcsr.12011 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Towards Personalized, Dialogue-Based System Supported Learning for MOOCs
Zobel, T. E. I., & Meinel, C. (2021) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90677-1_40 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
A Case Study of Student Instructor Connectedness In An Asynchronous Modular Online Environment
D'Alba, O. A. (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/6462233 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Exploring the Role of Ed-Tech Start-Ups and Digital Divide in Online Learning During the Coronavirus Pandemic in the Indian Education System
Jha, A., & Jha, N. (2022) · Advances in early childhood and K-12 education · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-8405-7.ch014 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Learning Environment for Supporting Undergraduate Online Distance Education Students
Amponsah, S., Badu-Nyarko, S. K., Obodai, G. A. N. S., & Anane, P. (2019) · Advances in mobile and distance learning book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-9316-4.ch004 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
THE ACCEPTABILITY OF ONLINE DEGREES IN ACCOUNTING: A LITERATURE REVIEW
(2019) · Global Journal of Business Pedagogy · doi:10.47177/gjbp.03.01.2019.010 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A modified model of peer support in asynchronous online introductory accounting: is it effective?
Hong, D., Miller, S., & Shumate, S. (2023) · Accounting Education · doi:10.1080/09639284.2023.2273815 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
9. The Rhetoric, Science, and Technology of 21st Century Collaboration
Duin, A. H., Tham, J. C. K., & Pedersen, I. (2020) · The WAC Clearinghouse; University Press of Colorado eBooks · doi:10.37514/tpc-b.2020.1121.2.09 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Online Teaching Competencies among Faculty Members at Modern College of Business and Science (MCBS) Sultanate of Oman
Thumiki, V. R. R., & Magd, H. A. E. (2022) · International Journal of Information and Education Technology · doi:10.18178/ijiet.2022.12.9.1692 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
How do school districts treat K‐12 principals and principal candidates with online credentials?
Richardson, J. W., McLeod, S., & Dikkers, A. G. (2011) · International Journal of Leadership in Education · doi:10.1080/13603124.2011.560284 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Extending Intergroup Theorizing To The Instructional Context: Testing a Model Of Teacher Communication Behaviors, Credibility, Group-Based Categorization, and instructional outcomes
Hosek, A. M. (2011) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Rhetorical Matriphagy and the Online Commodification of Higher Education
Winslow, L. (2017) · Western Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/10570314.2017.1316418 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Benefits and Challenges of a Blended Online Youth Development Graduate Degree Program
Garst, B. A., Bowers, E. P., Quinn, W. H., & Weston, K. L. (2021) · American Journal of Distance Education · doi:10.1080/08923647.2020.1829438 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Cultural Considerations of Online Pedagogy
Martin, J. N., & Cheong, P. H. (2013) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-4979-8.ch027 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Learning to Develop Presence Online: Experienced Faculty Perspectives.
Casey, R. L., & Kroth, M. (2013) · Journal of adult education Tanzania · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Variations in State Sex Offender Statutes: Implications for U.S. Higher Education
Custer, B. D. (2017) · Criminal Justice Policy Review · doi:10.1177/0887403417722388 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
COVID-19
Jha, A., Jha, N., Bhatele, K. R., Patsariya, S., & Pahariya, J. S. (2022) · Advances in educational technologies and instructional design book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-9168-0.ch002 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Effect of Distributing Electronic Notes to Students: Ethical Considerations Raised by Computer Science Faculty at the University of Namibia.
Mufeti, T. K., Mbale, J., & Suresh, N. (2011) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Status of Technology-Enhanced Education and Service Delivery in Rehabilitation Counselor Education
Oswald, G. R., Huber, M. J., Wilson, J. F., & Embree, J. A. (2015) · Rehabilitation Research Policy and Education · doi:10.1891/2168-6653.29.3.194 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Technologies for Adult and Lifelong Education
Tan, S. C. (2017) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-55783-4_47 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Development and Analysis of a Survey Assessing Eleventh Grade High School Students' Preferences for Specific Types of Online Course Structures
Burton, J. M. (2009) · Digital Commons (Liberty University) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
1. Beyond Situated Learning: Rethinking Internship Theory and Practice in the Distributed Workplace
Bay, J. L. (2020) · The WAC Clearinghouse; University Press of Colorado eBooks · doi:10.37514/tpc-b.2020.1121.2.01 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
3. Engaging Plain Language in the Technical Communication Classroom
Dreher, K. (2020) · The WAC Clearinghouse; University Press of Colorado eBooks · doi:10.37514/tpc-b.2020.1121.2.03 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Transforming Teaching from Conventional to Digital Learning: Students Sensitivity in Higher Education
Nkedishu, V. C., & Okonta, V. (2023) · British Journal of Education · doi:10.37745/bje.2013/vol11n41836 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Scaffolding Deliberations
Chadha, A. (2024) · International Journal of Online Pedagogy and Course Design · doi:10.4018/ijopcd.356407 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Quality Assurance of Online and Distance Learning Education for SAARC Region during Covid-19 Situation
Zia-ur-Rehman, M., Mahmood, A., & Zia, M. (2021) · Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences · doi:10.47067/ramss.v4i2.151 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Quick Reads: Online Learning: A Middle School Mathematics Perspective
Edwards, C. M. (2012) · Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School · doi:10.5951/mathteacmiddscho.18.4.0244 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A Preliminary Study of International Student Perceptions of Online versus Face-to-Face Education
Fish, L. A., & Snodgrass, C. R. (2015) · The BRC Academy Journal of Business · doi:10.15239/j.brcacadjb.2015.04.01.ja04 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A Literature Review and Directions for Future Research on International Student Perceptions of Online versus Face-to-Face Education: Student-centered Characteristics
Fish, L. A., & Snodgrass, C. R. (2016) · The BRC Academy Journal of Education · doi:10.15239/j.brcacadje.2016.05.01.ja01 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cultural Implications of E-learning Access (& Divides)
Cheong, P. H., & Martin, J. N. (2010) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-60566-942-7.ch006 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Radiography Faculty Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Asynchronous Online Courses
Cherry, S. J. (2015) · Digital Commons - East Tennessee State University (East Tennessee State University) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Faculty Experiences with Emergency Transition to Online Teaching amid COVID-19 Pandemic in a Health Science University
Alnajjar, H., Asif, U., Bano, N., Alshammari, F., & Ma, K. (2020) · doi:10.47275/0032-745x-s2-024 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Communicating Instructor Power Online: A Case Study Examining Communities of Inquiry
(2022) · The Journal of Educators Online · doi:10.9743/jeo.2022.19.3.16 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Daring the Meaning, or Cyberspace that Matters. Criticism-Creativity and Online Education
Just, E. (2018) · Creative Education · doi:10.4236/ce.2018.913147 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A Web-based learning support system for inquiry-based learning using treasure hunt.
Kim, D. W. (2010) · doi:10.82465/6082 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The graduate student learning experience in online, hybrid, and onsite courses
Kryczka, S. M. (2014) · doi:10.17760/d20018692 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The development and validation of the online learning climate scale: A three-phase study
Kaufmann, R. (2014) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Instructor and Student Perceptions of Online Courses: Implications of Positioning Theory
Phillips, M. S. (2013) · Digital Commons - East Tennessee State University (East Tennessee State University) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Effect Different Synchronous Computer Mediums Have on Distance Education Graduate Students' Sense of Community and Feelings of Loneliness
Heuvelman-Hutchinson, L. (2012) · Scholars Crossing (Liberty University) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Access Barriers Experienced by Adults in Distance Education Courses and Programs
Zirkle, C., & Fletcher, E. C. (2009) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-60566-739-3.ch035 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Comparing Human Versus Avatar Instructors of Different Ethnicities: Effects on Student Learning Outcomes Using a Virtual Learning Platform
Mosonyi, J. M., Hancock, G. M., & Miles, J. D. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-60125-5_7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
BLENDED LEARNING: ITS EFFECTS ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT AND ATTITUDE TOWARD BASIC STATISTICS
Ragasa, C. Y. (2015) · Far East Journal of Mathematical Education · doi:10.17654/fjmenov2015_095_137 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Counselor Education Unplugged? An Exploration of Current Attitudes Surrounding the Use of Online Learning as a Modality in Graduate Counselor Education
Perry, E. J. (2017) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
ONLINE GRADUATE DEGREES: PERCEPTIONS OF MOROCCAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Slamti, K., & Ajrouh, L. (2019) · doi:10.33965/el2019_201909c033 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
6. Trial and Error: Designing an Introductory Course to Technical Communication
Chen, C. (2020) · The WAC Clearinghouse; University Press of Colorado eBooks · doi:10.37514/tpc-b.2020.1121.2.06 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Teaching media ecology in-person and online: Lessons from a COVID-19 semester
Anwer, A. (2022) · Explorations in Media Ecology · doi:10.1386/eme_00120_7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Literature Review and Directions for Future Research on International Student Perceptions of Online versus Face-to-Face Education: Program-centered Characteristics
Fish, L. A., & Snodgrass, C. R. (2016) · The BRC Academy Journal of Education · doi:10.15239/j.brcacadje.2016.05.01.ja02 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Online Communication Courses: The Developments In The Area Of Communication Education
Ataizi, M. (2009) · DergiPark (Istanbul University) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Factors Students Consider in the Decision Making Process for Graduate Education
Sturm, K. (2019) · The Keep (Eastern Illinois University) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cultural Considerations of Online Pedagogy
Martin, J. N., & Cheong, P. H. (2011) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-60960-833-0.ch019 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Issues with Online Classes from the Point of View of Undergraduate Students in BangladeshPreprint
Islam, M. Z. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4053955 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Competing hypotheses about online versus face-to-face course outcomes: Analysis leveraging the unique circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic
Wladis, C., Hachey, A. C., Conway, K., & Manly, C. (2025) · Online Learning · doi:10.24059/olj.v29i3.5018
Undergraduate Students’ Preferences and Willingness to Pay for College Course Attributes
Mann, J., & Henneberry, S. R. (2012) · AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA) · doi:10.22004/ag.econ.124946
Engaging the Digitally Engaged Student
D’Urso, S. C., & Scott, C. R. (2011) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-61350-347-8.ch009
Impact of the communication medium in online education: a comparision of student motivation in online and face-to-face classes
Torres, W. C. S. (2013)
President's Column: Online Learning & Why I Want You To Eat Your Dog Food
Niemla, K. E. (2012) · Codex
Teaching, social, and cognitive presence in written conversation: An exploration of online graduate communities of inquiry
Wery, R. L. (2014) · ThinkTech (Texas Tech University)
ONLINE, HYBRID, AND ONSITE COURSES
Kryczka, S. M. (2014)
Distance education faculty reflections: A look at civic responsibility and community engagement
Odom-Bartel, R. (2014)
Faculty Perceptions of Condensed Online Learning in Higher Education
Mellieon, H. I. (2016) · doi:10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.40
The Lived Experiences of Graduate Students: Transforming University Education in an Online Space
Harrison, D. M., & Plowright, S. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-6378-8_11
College Students Moving Online: On-Campus Student Engagement in Online Courses.
Maseberg-Tomlinson, J. (2019) · K-State Research Exchange (Kansas State University)
Beyond Onboarding
Espinet, T., Vuong, P. M., & Filback, R. A. (2020) · Advances in higher education and professional development book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-4036-7.ch006
The Preparedness Of First-Year Football Student-Athletes In Online Classes At The University Of Mississippi
McCain, C. (2020)
Introduction to Effective Teaching of Technical Communication
Klein, M. J. (2020) · The WAC Clearinghouse; University Press of Colorado eBooks · doi:10.37514/tpc-b.2020.1121.1.3
Selling the virtual university : a multimodal discourse analysis of marketing for online learning
Ludwig, E. (2020) · doi:10.32469/10355/78083
Partnering with an online program management provider to implement an online MBA program
Springer, S. (2016) · doi:10.17760/d20224932
Cultural Implications of E-Learning Access (and Divides)
Cheong, P. H., & Martin, J. N. (2012) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-1885-5.ch005
Learning Environment for Supporting Undergraduate Online Distance Education Students
Amponsah, S., Badu-Nyarko, S. K., Obodai, G. A. N. S., & Anane, P. (2022) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-7540-9.ch012
Beyond Onboarding
Espinet, T., Vuong, P. M., & Filback, R. A. (2022) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-7540-9.ch114
Learning Beyond the Content
Torres, W. C., Leach, L. F., Glaman, R., & Higham, J. R. (2023) · Impacting Education Journal on Transforming Professional Practice · doi:10.5195/ie.2023.363
A Critical Study on Transformation of Conventional Offline Learning to Online Education
Rai, S., Kakubal, S., Jitendra, O. I., Sakariya, M., Mathew, S., & Khaleel, Z. A. (2024) · International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology · doi:10.22214/ijraset.2024.58660
Student Engagement Across Course Teaching Modalities
VanBeselaere, C., & Roberts, T. (2024) · The Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning · doi:10.5206/cjsotlrcacea.2024.1.15059
Fostering interaction and engagement in remotely delivered mathematics tutorials in an Irish university
Carroll, C. (2024) · European Journal of Science and Mathematics Education · doi:10.30935/scimath/14715
The Impact of Integrating Digital Tools Within Foreign Languages Teaching and Learning During COVID-19
Herreño-Contreras, Y. A., Rodríguez, G. L. A., Potter, B., & Flórez, E. E. R. (2025) · English language teaching · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-1566-7_2
Is The Online Path Really an Off-Road Adventure?
Lewis, V. J. (2017) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-68123-860-920251012

Authors: Bejerano, A. R.
Affiliations: University of Nebraska–Lincoln (US)
Corresponding author: Bejerano, Arleen R.
Venue: Communication Education
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2008-07
Volume: 57
Issue: 3
Pages: 408-414
ISSN: 0363-4523 (ISSN-L)
1479-5795
DOI: 10.1080/03634520801993697
OpenAlex: W2059268638
Cited by: 101
References: 6
Citations by year: 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 21.72
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Communication Education (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Education › Online and Blended Learning
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Educational Innovations and Challenges
Social Sciences › Education › Education during COVID-19 pandemic
Keywords: online degree programs, online learning, distance education, online vs face-to-face instruction, educational quality, history of online education, higher education

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Genesis and Evolution of Online Degree Programs: Who Are They For and What Have We Lost Along The Way?

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks