Teacher immediacy, confidence testing, and the measurement of cognitive learning
Abstract
There is much disagreement among instructional communication scholars concerning the appropriate means to measure cognitive learning. Significant differences have emerged between studies that rely on perceptual versus performance measures of learning and the issue has been the subject of much recent debate in research on teacher immediacy. The present study sought to compare instruments commonly used to assess perceived learning (learning loss measure) and performed learning (course grades) with an additional approach to cognitive learning assessment known as confidence testing. All of these measures were compared with student perceptions of teacher immediacy. Results indicate that confidence testing scores are significantly associated with both course grades and perceived learning. Implications for research involving cognitive learning are discussed.
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Prior research has highlighted the strong link between student confidence and subsequent measures of performance-including knowledge, skills, and abilities.
“Prior research has highlighted the strong link between student confidence and subsequent measures of performance-including knowledge, skills, and abilities (Favazzo et al., 2014; King & Witt, 2009).”
From Student‐led workshops: Filling skills gaps in computational research for life scientists (2021) · cites this paper as King & Witt, 2009
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- Authors
- King, P., & Witt, P.
- Affiliations
- Texas Christian University (US)
- Corresponding author
- King, Paul
- Venue
- Communication Education
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2009-01
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 110-123
- ISSN
- 0363-4523 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-5795
- OpenAlex
- W1968390765
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 10.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Communication Education (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Communication in Education and Healthcare
- Social Sciences › Education › Evaluation of Teaching Practices
- Social Sciences › Education › Innovative Teaching Methods
- Keywords
- teacher immediacy, perceived learning, course grades, instructional communication
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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