The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The impact of gender and immediacy on willingness to talk and perceived learning
Abstract
The researchers surveyed 256 undergraduate students at a small liberal arts university for their perceptions of perceived learning, willingness to talk in class, and instructor verbal and nonverbal immediacy behavior, with responses grouped by instructor gender and student gender. Instructor verbal immediacy behavior was positively related to a student's willingness to talk in class, while gender was not a factor for this outcome. Instructor verbal immediacy behavior was positively related to a student's perceived learning. While students perceived more learning from a professor of the same gender, the effect was strongly mediated by instructor verbal immediacy behavior.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Pay attention!: designing adaptive agents that monitor and improve user engagement
Szafir, D., & Mutlu, B. (2012) · Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2207676.2207679 · Cited by 304
The impact of Google Assistant on adolescent EFL learners’ willingness to communicate
Tai, T.-Y., & Chen, H. H.-J. (2023) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2020.1841801 · Cited by 302
(2007) · Cited by 47
Nadile, E. M., Alfonso, E., Barreiros, B. M., Bevan-Thomas, W. D., Brownell, S. E., Chin, M. R., Ferreira, I., Ford, S. A., Gin, L. E., Gomez-Rosado, J. O., et al. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0243731 · Cited by 46
Buraphadeja, V., & Kumnuanta, J. (2011) · Australasian Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.14742/ajet.897 · Cited by 24
Metadata
- Authors
- Menzel, K. E., & Carrell, L. J.
- Venue
- Communication Education
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1999-01
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 31-40
- ISSN
- 0363-4523 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-5795
- OpenAlex
- W2038686176
- Cited by
- 168
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 7.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The impact of gender and immediacy on willingness to talk and perceived learning. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/03634529909379150
- The paper
- Menzel, K. E., & Carrell, L. J. (1999). The impact of gender and immediacy on willingness to talk and perceived learning. Communication Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/03634529909379150
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.