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A Meta-Analysis of Research on Inoculation Theory

Banas, John A., Rains, Stephen A.·2010·Communication Monographs

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Abstract

A meta-analysis of 54 cases testing the effectiveness of inoculation theory at conferring resistance and examining the mechanisms of the theory was conducted. The analyses revealed inoculation messages to be superior to both supportive messages and no-treatment controls at conferring resistance. Additionally, the results revealed refutational same and refutational different preemptions to be equally effective at reducing attitude change. However, the data were not consistent with some predictions made in narrative reviews of inoculation. No significant increase in resistance as a function of threat or involvement was found. Further, instead of a curvilinear effect for delay on resistance, the point estimates from our meta-analysis revealed equivalent resistance between immediate and moderate delays between inoculation and attack, with a decay in resistance after two weeks.

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Authors: Banas, J. A., & Rains, S. A.
Affiliations: University of Oklahoma (US)
University of Arizona (US)
Corresponding author: Banas, John A.
ORCID: Banas, John A.
Rains, Stephen A.
Venue: Communication Monographs
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2010-09
Volume: 77
Issue: 3
Pages: 281-311
ISSN: 0363-7751 (ISSN-L)
1479-5787
DOI: 10.1080/03637751003758193
OpenAlex: W2144729414
Cited by: 510
References: 116
Citations by year: 2026: 82 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 3.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Communication Monographs (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychology of Social Influence
Keywords: inoculation theory, attitude change, threat level, audience involvement, persuasion

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A Meta-Analysis of Research on Inoculation Theory

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