Factors Associated with Obesity in an Adult Mediterranean Population: Influence on Plasma Lipid Profile
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with obesity, and their influence on plasma lipid profile in an adult Mediterranean population. DESIGN: The data were obtained from a cross-sectional epidemiological survey. SETTING: The study population resided in Andalusia, a western Mediterranean region in southern Spain. SUBJECTS: The survey was carried out with a random sample of 3421 subjects (1747 men, 1674 women) between 25 and 60 years of age. Blood samples were obtained for biochemical assays in a random subsample of 340 subjects (167 men, 173 women). INTERVENTIONS: Food consumption was assessed by 48-h recall. Height, weight, triceps, biceps, subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds, mid-upper arm, waist (WC) and hip circumferences, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were measured. Information about lifestyles was obtained with a questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the adult population we studied, 18.9% were obese (body mass index [BMI] > or = 30 kg/m2). A larger proportion of men than women were overweight, but the opposite was found for obesity. Mean plasma lipid values were not modified significantly by obesity or lifestyle factors, and were within the normal range. Sex, age, physical exercise and lower educational level were associated directly with the risk of obesity, and smoking was associated inversely with the risk of obesity. In obese smokers WC and waist-hip ratio were larger, and levels of HDL-cholesterol were lower (p < 0.05) than in obese nonsmokers. Glucemia was higher in obese persons who consumed alcohol (p < 0.05) than in obese persons who did not consume alcohol. The risk of hypercholesterolemia and high levels of LDL-cholesterol was associated only with age, and the risk of low levels of HDL-cholesterol was associated only with high WC. CONCLUSION: Our results provide an estimate of the prevalence of obesity in the adult population in southern Spain, and of the associated factors. Sex, age, leisure-time physical exercise and educational level appear to influence obesity. Only age and WC but not BMI were associated with a risk of dyslipidemia. No dietary associations were observed between energy or macronutrient intake and plasma lipid concentrations in overweight or obese persons.
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The rate of overweight in Switzerland is gradually approaching that seen in the USA and Western Europe, but obesity rates remain slightly lower than in other developed countries.
“Thus the rate of overweight in Switzerland is gradually approaching that seen in the USA and Western Europe, but obesity rates remain slightly lower than in other developed countries.”
From Overweight and obesity in a Swiss city: 10-year trends (2007) · cites this paper as [26]
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- Authors
- Mataix, J., López-Frías, M., Martínez-de-Victoria, E., López-Jurado, M., Aranda, P., & Llopis, J.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de Granada (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Llopis, Juan
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2005-12
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 456-465
- ISSN
- 0731-5724 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-1087
- OpenAlex
- W1987976988
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 5.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Lifestyle Studies
- Keywords
- obesity, plasma lipid profile, dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, smoking, physical activity, educational attainment, sex differences, alcohol consumption, glucose, Mediterranean populations, Andalusia, obesity prevalence
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anthropometry, Cross-Sectional Studies, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Hyperlipidemias, Life Style, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Mental Recall, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Spain, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Waist-Hip Ratio
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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