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A multisite evaluation of summer camps for children with cancer and their siblings
Open accessAbstract
Summer camps for pediatric cancer patients and their families are ubiquitous. However, there is relatively little research, particularly studies including more than one camp, documenting outcomes associated with children's participation in summer camp. The current cross-sectional study used a standardized measure to examine the role of demographic, illness, and camp factors in predicting children's oncology camp-related outcomes. In total, 2,114 children at 19 camps participated. Campers were asked to complete the pediatric camp outcome measure, which assesses camp-specific self-esteem, emotional, physical, and social functioning. Campers reported high levels of emotional, physical, social, and self-esteem functioning. There were differences in functioning based on demographic and illness characteristics, including gender, whether campers/siblings were on or off active cancer treatment, age, and number of prior years attending camp. Results indicated that summer camps can be beneficial for pediatric oncology patients and their siblings, regardless of demographic factors (e.g., gender, treatment status) and camp factors (e.g., whether camp sessions included patients only, siblings only, or both). Future work could advance the oncology summer camp literature by examining other outcomes linked to summer camp attendance, using longitudinal designs, and including comparison groups.
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In a cross-sectional study, SCCs attending camps that also included their siblings with cancer had significantly higher emotional functioning than those attending camps that only included SCCs.
“In a cross‐sectional study, the SCCs attending camps that also included their siblings with cancer had significantly higher emotional functioning than those attending camps that only included SCCs.35”
From Psychosocial interventions for siblings of children with cancer: A mixed methods systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [35]
A cross-sectional study found that SCCs who attended camps that included both SCCs and their siblings with cancer had significantly higher self-esteem than those attending camps that included only SCCs.
“A cross‐sectional study found that SCCs who attended camps that included both SCCs and their siblings with cancer had significantly higher self‐esteem than those attending camps that included only SCCs.35”
From Psychosocial interventions for siblings of children with cancer: A mixed methods systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [35]
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“Using existing convention, a Cohen’s d of 0.20 indicates a small effect size, 0.50 indicates a medium effect size, and 0.80 indicates a large effect size (Cohen, 1988).”
MethodInfluentialChildren's knowledge of cancer and its treatment: Impact of an oncology camp experience
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“Future studies should also consider prospectively and longitudinally following children to document changes over time, such as precamp, postcamp, and at longer term follow-up (Bluebond-Langner et al., 1990; Packman et al., 2005).”
BackgroundThe effectiveness of a peer support camp for siblings of children with cancer
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“However, there have been calls in the literature to conduct multisite oncology camp outcome studies that include larger sample sizes and allow examinations of predictors for differing outcomes between campers (Martiniuk et al., 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationPsychosocial impacts of a camping experience for children with cancer and their siblings
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“Prior studies have demonstrated that children attending oncology camps report high levels of social support and that self-esteem improves pre to postcamp (Conrad & Altmaier, 2009; Packman et al., 2004).”
BackgroundSelf-citationProgram features and developmental experiences at a camp for youth with cancer
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“Oncology camps provide opportunities for children to be physically active and to develop their sense of autonomy and competence (Gillard & Watts, 2013).”
BackgroundSummer Camps for Chronically Ill Children: A Source of Respite Care for Mothers
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“As an example, oncology camp participation has been linked with improvements in children’s mood and decreased anxiety (Dawson, Knapp, & Farmer, 2012; Martiniuk et al., 2014; Meltzer & Johnson, 2004).”
BackgroundSpecialized Summer Camp for Children with Cancer: Social Support and Adjustment
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“Other studies have documented differences in oncology camper’s outcomes based on gender and whether campers were patients versus siblings (Conrad & Altmaier, 2009; Sidhu, Passmore, & Baker, 2006).”
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“camps provide children with unique opportunities to socialize with peers who have similar health experiences and that summer camps provide children with experiences that build self-esteem (Brown, 2005; Martiniuk et al., 2014).”
BackgroundCamper Learning and Friendship at Pediatric Oncology Camps in North America
Martiniuk, A. L. C., Amylon, M. D., Briery, B. G., Shea-Perry, M., Kelsey, K. P., Lam, G. W., & Körver, S. (2013) · Journal of Psychosocial Oncology · doi:10.1080/07347332.2013.874001 · Cited by 16 · cited 2×
“For example, to our knowledge, only one study examined camper outcomes across more than one camp (Martiniuk et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationDawson, S., Knapp, D., & Farmer, J. R. (2012) · Therapeutic Recreation Journal · Cited by 16
Initial Development of the Pediatric Camp Outcome Measure
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“The scale has demonstrated adequate reliability in prior samples (subscale Cronbach’s alphas ranged from 0.80 to 0.89; total score Cronbach’s alpha D 0.93) (Simons et al., 2008) and has demonstrated construct validity (Wu et al., 2015).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialWu, Y. P., Hung, M., Franklin, J. D., Samhouri, M., Simons, L. E., & Amylon, M. D. (2015) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.3792 · Cited by 4 · cited 2×
“, 2008) and has demonstrated construct validity (Wu et al., 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
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- Children's Oncology Camping Association International, 2014, The Story of COCA-I
- Dawson S., 2012, Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 46, 313
Cited by
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Scialla, M. A., Canter, K. S., Chen, F. F., Kolb, E. A., Sandler, E. S., Wiener, L. S., & Kazak, A. E. (2017) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.26869 · Cited by 115
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Rea, K. E., Quast, L. F., Stolz, M. G., & Blount, R. L. (2019) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsz003 · Cited by 23
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Psychosocial interventions for siblings of children with cancer: A mixed methods systematic review
Guan, T., Chapman, M. V., Qan'ir, Y., & Song, L. (2021) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.5684 · Cited by 20
“However, the studies of these camps provided few details regarding specific camp components.(17,31,35) 3.”
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“One study found that self-esteem did not differ according to whether children attended a camp just for children with cancer, just for siblings of children with cancer, or a mixed camp.(42) Nevertheless, among the siblings, those who attended camps along with children with cancer reported higher self-esteem than childr…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialInconsistent, uncoordinated, and reactive: The current state of sibling psychosocial care
Davis, K. A., Brosnan, P., Mazzenga, M., Buchbinder, D. K., Alderfer, M. A., Sharkey, C. M., & Long, K. A. (2022) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.30103 · Cited by 12
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“Some previous studies have investigated the effects of medical specialty camp experiences on self-esteem, quality of life, and social skills (e.g., Kiernan et al., 2004; Odar et al., 2013; Wu et al., 2016).”
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“Child life specialists, social workers, and/or psychologists should be integrated in chronic GVHD management to teach coping skills for managing dynamic symptom profiles, undergoing repeated procedures, and living with a chronic illness [196,197].”
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“Hancock (2011) and Wu et al. (2016) also report benefits for siblings of sick children.”
BackgroundPatterson, P., McDonald, F. E. J., Kelly‐Dalgety, E., Luo, A., & Allison, K. R. (2021) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-021-02061-8 · Cited by 3
“…and free time also provided further opportunities for adolescents to relax and recharge after the sometimes “challenging” therapeutic activities, offering benefits similar to those evidenced for recreational programs (e.g. Jong et al., 2021; Kearney, 2018; Kelada et al., 2020; Wu et al., 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialEl hermano del niño con cáncer merece ser visible
Torres, A. S., Guzmán, A. N. R., Naranjo, M. C. T., & Carreño-Moreno, S. (2022) · Revista latinoamericana de bioética · doi:10.18359/rlbi.5436 · Cited by 2
Le vécu de la fratrie face au cancer pédiatrique : revue de la littérature systématique
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“Rosenberg (2020), Wu (2016), Köksal (2010) ve Kiernan (2004) çalışmalarında, yaz kamplarına katılan engelli çocukların kamp öncesi ve kamp sonrası durumlarını değerlendirmiş ve kamp sonunda bireylerin; öz bakım becerileri, dil gelişimi, sosyal gelişim ve motor gelişimi açısından kayda değer bir…”
A Half-Day Camp Program for Adolescents Affected by Childhood Cancer
Stuempfle, W., & Crawford, D. (2024) · Journal of Doctoral Nursing Practice · doi:10.1891/jdnp-2021-0010 · Cited by 1
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Medical Specialty Camp Alumni Perceptions of Outcomes and ExperiencesPreprint
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Cancer Conversations Among Children With Cancer
Pathmalingam, T. (2023) · doi:10.32920/22561573.v1
Cancer Conversations Among Children With Cancer
Pathmalingam, T. (2023) · doi:10.32920/22561573
The Case for Specialty Summer Camp: A Palliative Care Perspective
McEvoy, M. T., Cowfer, B. A., Knutson, L., & Amylon, M. D. (2024) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2023-063183
Self-citationDymnicki, A. B., Warner, R. P., Gillard, A., Pearson, L. B., & Wycoff, T. M. (2025) · Journal of Experiential Education · doi:10.1177/10538259251385468
“For youth living with illnesses (regardless of their diagnosis), valuable outcomes from camp include reducing isolation, improving self-esteem and social acceptance, and developing youth goal setting (e.g., Guest et al., 2017; Moola et al., 2014; Wu et al., 2016).”
Pickard, A., Stubbs, T., Davies, J., Napier-Raman, S., Carter, E., Thomas, S., Berringal, V., Johnson, Z., Pindan, J., Hickey, C., et al. (2026) · The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific · doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2026.101974
“18, 44, 45 These friendships also reflected the cultural significance of social connection in Aboriginal childhoods.”
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Wu, Y. P., McPhail, J., Mooney, R., Martiniuk, A., & Amylon, M. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Utah (US)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wu, Yelena P.
- Venue
- Journal of Psychosocial Oncology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-08-05
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 449-459
- ISSN
- 0734-7332 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-7586
- PMC
- PMC5515370
- OpenAlex
- W2490641005
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 4.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Psychosocial Oncology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (K07CA196985)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Social Sciences › Education › Outdoor and Experiential Education
- Keywords
- summer camps, childhood cancer, siblings of children with cancer, self-esteem, emotional functioning, social functioning, physical function, gender differences, treatment status
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Camping, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Neoplasms, Self Concept, Program Evaluation, Survivors, Siblings
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