Extraction behavior of selected rare earth metals from acidic chloride media using tetrabutyl diglycolamide
Open accessAbstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are vital to modern, high-tech devices. Recycling REEs from post-consumer electronics can potentially diminish supply chain risks. Toward that end, liquid–liquid solvent extraction of various REEs was investigated with tetrabutyl diglycolamide (TBDGA) in 1-octanol from hydrochloric acid media. Metal partitioning to the organic phase was shown to increase as [Cl−] increased. In contrast, increasing [H+] did not improve extraction. The use of the polar diluent 1-octanol provided high extraction efficiency, especially for the partition of heavy lanthanides from solutions of high chloride concentration. Although the polar diluent also extracted molar amounts of water and acid, it was concluded that a neutral metal/TBDGA complex as mainly the di-solvate was extracted, and that complexation was observed to be exothermic. These results indicate that REE extraction from aqueous chloride solutions can be efficient without the use of high acid concentrations.
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Hydrometallurgical processing routed through leaching, solvent extraction and precipitation is often preferred for recovering rare earth elements from secondary wastes and has advantages over the pyro-metallurgical route.
“The hydrometallurgical processing technology methodologies routed through leaching, solvent extraction (also called liquid–liquid extraction) and precipitation are often preferred as promising techniques for recovering REEs from these secondary wastes including batteries, spent magnets, e-wastes and others which have a number of advantages over pyro-metallurgical route.”
From Environmentally friendly comprehensive hydrometallurgical method development for neodymium recovery from mixed rare earth aqueous solutions using organo-phosphorus derivatives (2020) · cites this paper as [8]
The Introduction (page unavailable) describes hydrometallurgical recovery of rare earths from scrap and end-of-life electronics, with acid dissolution followed by solvent extraction. It does not describe precipitation as a step in that sequence or say that hydrometallurgy is often preferred to pyrometallurgy because of comparative advantages. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn most case studies, separation is performed from solutions bearing binary or unitary rare earth element systems, with limited reports of tertiary systems.
“In most case studies, separation is performed from the solution bearing binary or unitary REEs systems with limited reports of tertiary systems8–11.”
From Environmentally friendly comprehensive hydrometallurgical method development for neodymium recovery from mixed rare earth aqueous solutions using organo-phosphorus derivatives (2020) · cites this paper as [8]
The Introduction discusses rare-earth recovery and hydrometallurgical separation, but does not compare how often studies use one-, two-, or three-element systems. Searches for binary, unitary, and ternary systems found no passage in our copy supporting the claimed pattern; the Materials and Methods section describes this paper’s experiments, not the prevalence of those study designs. (LLM, conf=0.74)
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- Authors
- Case, M. E., Fox, R. V., Baek, D. L., Mincher, B. J., & Wai, C. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Idaho (US)
- Idaho National Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Case, M. E.
- Venue
- Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2017-09-21
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 496-506
- ISSN
- 0736-6299 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-2262
- OpenAlex
- W2758580289
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 1.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.osti.gov
- Locations
- Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange (publishedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-07CH11358)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Extraction and Separation Processes
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Inorganic Chemistry › Radioactive element chemistry and processing
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Filtration and Separation › Chemical and Physical Properties in Aqueous Solutions
- Keywords
- rare earth elements, solvent extraction, chloride media, hydrochloric acid, 1-octanol, heavy lanthanides, chloride concentration effects, metal complexation, extraction efficiency
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