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Cited by 320Social Robot Interaction and HRIVirtual Reality Applications and ImpactsDigital Games and Media

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 93 of the 94 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Avatars Versus Agents: A Meta-Analysis Quantifying the Effect of Agency on Social Influence

Fox, Jesse, Ahn, Sun Joo (Grace), Janssen, Joris H., Yeykelis, Leo, Segovia, Kathryn Y., Bailenson, Jeremy N.·2015·Human–Computer Interaction
DOI 10.1080/07370024.2014.921494
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Abstract

Existing research has investigated whether virtual representations perceived to be controlled by humans (i.e., avatars) or those perceived to be controlled by computer algorithms (i.e., agents) are more influential. A meta-analysis (N = 32) examined the model of social influence in virtual environments (Blascovich, 2002) and investigated whether agents and avatars in virtual environments elicit different levels of social influence. Results indicated that perceived avatars produced stronger responses than perceived agents. Level of immersion (desktop vs. fully immersive), dependent variable type (subjective vs. objective), task type (competitive vs. cooperative vs. neutral), and actual control of the representation (human vs. computer) were examined as moderators. An interaction effect revealed that studies conducted on a desktop that used objective measures showed a stronger effect for agency than those that were conducted on a desktop but used subjective measures. Competitive and cooperative tasks showed greater agency effects than neutral tasks. Studies in which both conditions were actually human controlled showed greater agency effects than studies in which both conditions were actually computer controlled. We discuss theoretical and design implications for human–computer interaction and computer-mediated communication.

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Show all 94 references

Research works printed but not linked: 18

  1. Ahn S. J., Framing virtual experiences: Effects on environmental efficacy and behavior over time
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  13. Okita S. Y., 2008, Proceedings of the ICSL 2008 International Conference on International Conference for the Learning Sciences
  14. Ong C., 2012, Proceedings of the CHI 2012 Australian Computer–Human Interaction Conference
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  16. Segovia K. Y., Virtual first impressions and their persistence in the physical world
  17. Swinth K. R., 2001, Conformity to group norms in an immersive virtual environment
  18. Yee N., 2007, Proceedings of the CHI 2007 Conference on Human Factors in Computer Systems

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Metadata

Authors
Fox, J., Ahn, S. J. (., Janssen, J. H., Yeykelis, L., Segovia, K. Y., & Bailenson, J. N.
Affiliations
  • The Ohio State University (US)
  • University of Georgia (US)
  • Eindhoven University of Technology (NL)
  • Stanford University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Human–Computer Interaction
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2014-05-12
Volume
30
Issue
5
Pages
401-432
ISSN
  • 0737-0024 (ISSN-L)
  • 1532-7051
DOI
10.1080/07370024.2014.921494
OpenAlex
W1964044925
Cited by
320
References
94
Citations by year
2026: 24 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 1
FWCI
1.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Human-Computer Interaction (publishedVersion)
Funders
NSF (0966838)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Digital Games and Media
Keywords
social influence, avatars, computational agents, perceived agency, virtual worlds, immersion, computer-mediated communication

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