The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
General deterrent effects of police patrol in crime “hot spots”: A randomized, controlled trial
Abstract
Many criminologists doubt that the dosage of uniformed police patrol causes any measurable difference in crime. This article reports a one-year randomized trial in Minneapolis of increases in patrol dosage at 55 of 110 crime “hot spots,” monitored by 7,542 hours of systematic observations. The experimental group received, on average, twice as much observed patrol presence, although the ratio displayed wide seasonal fluctuation. Reductions in total crime calls ranged from 6 percent to 13 percent. Observed disorder was only half as prevalent in experimental as in control hot spots. We conclude that substantial increases in police patrol presence can indeed cause modest reductions in crime and more impressive reductions in disorder within high crime locations.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A number of researchers have argued that many crime problems can be reduced more efficiently if police officers focused their attention to these persistent high‐activity crime places (Braga & Weisburd, 2010; Sherman & Weisburd, 1995; Weisburd, 1997).”
From Hot spots policing of small geographic areas effects on crime (2019) · cites this paper as Sherman & Weisburd, 1995
In the citing paper
“There is now substantial evidence that proactive policing can have meaningful effects on crime, especially when it is focused at crime hot spots—small areas, such as street segments that produce a substantial part of the crime problem (4–6).”
From Reforming the police through procedural justice training: A multicity randomized trial at crime hot spots (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Modest, but statistically significant reductions in total crime calls for service ranging from 6% to 13%”
From Hot spots policing of small geographic areas effects on crime (2019) · cites this paper as Sherman and Weisburd (1995)
In the citing paper
“The patrol treatment in the Minneapolis Hot Spots experiment (Sherman & Weisburd, 1995, pp. 638–639) was disrupted during summer months due to a peak in the overall calls for service received by the Minneapolis Police Department and a shortage of officers due to vacations; this situation was further complicated by changes in the computerized calls for service system implemented in the fall.”
From Hot spots policing of small geographic areas effects on crime (2019) · cites this paper as Sherman & Weisburd, 1995
In the citing paper
“A number of researchers have argued that many crime problems can be reduced more efficiently if police officers focused their attention to these deviant places (Sherman and Weisburd 1995; Weisburd and Green 1995a).”
From Hot spots policing effects on crime (2012) · cites this paper as Sherman and Weisburd 1995
In the citing paper
“Based on the observations of trained researchers, the treatment hot spots received twice as much police patrol presence when compared to the control hot spots (Sherman and Weisburd 1995).”
From Hot spots policing effects on crime (2012) · cites this paper as Sherman and Weisburd 1995
In the citing paper
“Using a series of analysis of variance models, the authors reported that the police patrol treatment generated between 6% and 13% statistically-significant reductions in calls for service in treatment hot spots relative to calls for service in control hot spots.”
From Hot spots policing effects on crime (2012) · cites this paper as Sherman and Weisburd 1995
In the citing paper
“The authors conducted a sensitivity analysis with varying comparison dates to account for the lack of dosage during the summer months.”
From Hot spots policing effects on crime (2012) · cites this paper as Sherman and Weisburd 1995
In the citing paper
“Analyses of systematic social observation data on disorderly behavior in the hot spots collected by trained researchers suggested that observed disorder was only half as prevalent in treatment hot spots relative to control hot spots.”
From Hot spots policing effects on crime (2012) · cites this paper as Sherman and Weisburd 1995
In the citing paper
“The study authors noted that there was some breakdown in the treatment applied during summer months due to officer vacations and peak calls for service to the police department.”
From Hot spots policing effects on crime (2012) · cites this paper as Sherman and Weisburd 1995
Citations
Cites
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,417
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Cohen, J. (2013) · doi:10.4324/9780203771587 · Cited by 25,373
Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990) · doi:10.1515/9781503621794 · Cited by 10,127
Monastyrsky, M. (1987) · Birkhäuser Boston eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-3514-4_2 · Cited by 2,621
Crime and justice: An annual review of research
(1983) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/0047-2352(83)90021-1 · Cited by 2,164
HOT SPOTS OF PREDATORY CRIME: ROUTINE ACTIVITIES AND THE CRIMINOLOGY OF PLACE*
SHERMAN, L. W., GARTIN, P. R., & BUERGER, M. E. (1989) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1989.tb00862.x · Cited by 2,104
Self-citationCornish, D. B., & Clarke, R. V. (2014) · Cited by 1,781
Freiman, J. A., Chalmers, T. C., Smith, H., & Kuebler, R. R. (1978) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197809282991304 · Cited by 1,628
Felson, M., & Boba, R. (2010) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781483349299 · Cited by 1,444
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,385
Research works printed but not linked: 20
- Barr R., 1990, Crime and Justice, 12, 227
- Boydstun J., 1975, San Diego Field Interrogation: Final Report
- Buerger M.E., 1995, Crime and Place: Crime Prevention Studies, 4
- Chaiken J., 1978, Preventing Crime, 109
- Chaiken J., 1974, Urban Analysis, 3, 173
- Cornish D.B., 1987, Criminology, 25, 933
- Fienberg S., 1976, Evaluation, 3, 124
- Green L., 1995, Justice Quarterly
- Kelling G., 1974, The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment: Technical Report
- Klockars C., 1983, Thinking about Police
- Koper C., 1995, Justice Quarterly
- Matthews R., 1986, Policing Prostitution: A Multi-Agency Approach
- McNamara J., 1974, Foreword
- Reiss A.J., 1985, Policing a City's Central District: The Oakland Story
- Sherman L.W., 1995, Crime Presentation In The Urban Community
- Sherman L.W., 1986, Communities and Crime, 343
- Sherman L.W., 1990, Crime and Justice, 12, 1
- Skolnick J., 1986, The New Blue Line
- Weisburd D.A., 1993, Crime and Justice, 17, 337
- Weisburd D.A., 1995, Crime and Place: Crime Prevention Studies, 4
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 1,000
Dugan, L., & Yang, S. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0953-3_6 · Cited by 19
Crime on Campus: A Survey of Space Users
Robinson, M. B., & Mullen, K. L. (2001) · Crime Prevention and Community Safety · doi:10.1057/palgrave.cpcs.8140104 · Cited by 19
Weisburd, D. L. (2010) · Cited by 19
Self-citationBasford, L., Sims, C., Agar, I., Harinam, V., & Strang, H. (2021) · Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing · doi:10.1007/s41887-021-00067-2 · Cited by 18
Brighter Nights, safer cities? Exploring spatial link between VIIRS nightlight and urban crime risk
Roy, S., & Chowdhury, I. R. (2025) · Remote Sensing Applications Society and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.rsase.2025.101489 · Cited by 18
Suresh, G., & Vito, G. F. (2007) · American Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1007/s12103-007-9020-0 · Cited by 18
Cardwell, S. M., Bennett, S., & MAZEROLLE, L. G. (2020) · Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice · doi:10.1177/1541204020940040 · Cited by 18
MacDonald, J. M. (2023) · Journal of Experimental Criminology · doi:10.1007/s11292-023-09558-w · Cited by 18
Davis, R. C., Weisburd, D. L., & Hamilton, E. E. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Criminology · doi:10.1007/s11292-010-9107-3 · Cited by 18
Self-citationPerceptions of safety and victimization: does survey construction affect perceptions?
Yang, S., & Wyckoff, L. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Criminology · doi:10.1007/s11292-010-9100-x · Cited by 18
An Empirical Assessment of NYPD's "Operation Impact": A Targeted Zone Crime Reduction Strategy
Smith, D. C. (2007) · Cited by 18
Jaitman, L., & Compeán, R. G. (2015) · doi:10.18235/0000180 · Cited by 18
Chalfin, A. J. (2019) · AEA Randomized Controlled Trials · doi:10.1257/rct.4186-1.0 · Cited by 18
Crime Concentration and Hot Spot Dynamics in Latin America
Ajzenman, N., & Jaitman, L. (2016) · doi:10.18235/0011745 · Cited by 18
Tregle, B., Smith, M. R., Fahmy, C., & Tillyer, R. (2025) · Crime Science · doi:10.1186/s40163-025-00247-9 · Cited by 17
He, Z., Lai, R., Wang, Z., Li, H., & Deng, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192114350 · Cited by 17
Ya, H., Hu, Y., Zhu, H., & Wang, F. (2023) · Annals of GIS · doi:10.1080/19475683.2023.2166584 · Cited by 17
Street-Level Spatiotemporal Crime Analysis: Examples from Bronx County, NY (2006–2010)
Herrmann, C. R. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4997-9_4 · Cited by 17
Boruch, R. F., Weisburd, D. L., & Berk, R. A. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-77650-7_23 · Cited by 17
Self-citationThe Impact of Police Deployment on Racial Disparities in Discretionary Searches
Briggs, S. J., & Keimig, K. A. (2016) · Race and Justice · doi:10.1177/2153368716646163 · Cited by 17
De‐policing as a consequence of the so‐called “Ferguson effect”
MacDonald, J. M. (2019) · Criminology & Public Policy · doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12430 · Cited by 17
Ariel, B. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108278423.022 · Cited by 17
Helms, R., & Costanza, S. E. (2019) · Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice · doi:10.1080/15377938.2019.1692748 · Cited by 19
Dong, B., White, C., & Weisburd, D. L. (2020) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.12.012 · Cited by 17
Self-citationTracking Violent Crime with Ambulance Data: How Much Crime Goes Uncounted?
Sutherland, A., Strang, L., Štěpánek, M., Giacomantonio, C., Boyle, A. A., & Strang, H. (2021) · Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing · doi:10.1007/s41887-021-00064-5 · Cited by 17
Recalibrating the Police to Focus on Victims Using Police Records
Lay, W., Ariel, B., & Harinam, V. (2022) · Policing A Journal of Policy and Practice · doi:10.1093/police/paac053 · Cited by 18
Measuring the colocation of crime hotspots
Shiode, N., Shiode, S., & Inoue, R. (2022) · GeoJournal · doi:10.1007/s10708-022-10806-1 · Cited by 17
Analyzing Crime Displacement with a Simulation Approach
Wang, N., Liu, L., & Eck, J. E. (2014) · Environment and Planning B Planning and Design · doi:10.1068/b37120 · Cited by 17
GIS supporting intelligence-led policing
Herchenrader, T., & Myhill-Jones, S. (2014) · Police Practice and Research · doi:10.1080/15614263.2014.972622 · Cited by 17
The lack of experimental research in criminology—evidence from Criminology and Justice Quarterly
Dezember, A., Stoltz, M., Marmolejo, L., Kanewske, L. C., Feingold, K. D., Wire, S. E., Duhaime, L., & Maupin, C. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Criminology · doi:10.1007/s11292-020-09425-y · Cited by 17
Impact of casinos on criminogenic patterns
Barthe, E. P., & Stitt, B. G. (2008) · Police Practice and Research · doi:10.1080/15614260802381067 · Cited by 17
Radil, S. M. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118868799.ch24 · Cited by 17
The Minimum Legal Drinking Age and Crime Victimization
Chalfin, A. J., Hansen, B., & Ryley, R. (2019) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w26051 · Cited by 17
Prescriptive Analytics in Urban Policing Operations
Brandt, T., Dlugosch, O., Abdelwahed, A., van den Berg, P. L., & Neumann, D. (2021) · Manufacturing & Service Operations Management · doi:10.1287/msom.2021.1022 · Cited by 16
Henne, K., Shore, K., & Harb, J. I. (2021) · Critical Social Policy · doi:10.1177/02610183211033923 · Cited by 18
Evidence-Based Policing and Community Crime Prevention
McGuire, J., Evans, E., & Kane, E. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-76363-3 · Cited by 16
Police Response Time and Injury Outcomes
DeAngelo, G. J., Toger, M., & Weisburd, S. (2023) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1093/ej/uead035 · Cited by 16
Cascades of violence and a global criminology of place
Braithwaite, J. B. (2012) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1177/0004865812456857 · Cited by 16
Assessing the Situational Predictors of Drug Markets across Street Segments and Intersections
Hsu, K., & Miller, J. E. (2017) · Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0022427817714574 · Cited by 16
Crime Risk Maps: A Multivariate Spatial Analysis of Crime Data
Chung, J., & Kim, H. (2018) · Geographical Analysis · doi:10.1111/gean.12182 · Cited by 16
Foreclosures and local government budgets
Ihlanfeldt, K. R., & Mayock, T. (2015) · Regional Science and Urban Economics · doi:10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2015.05.007 · Cited by 16
Wenger, M. R., & Lantz, B. (2021) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260520987817 · Cited by 20
Chainey, S., Matias, J. A. S., Nunes, F. C. F., da Silva, T. L. C., de Macêdo, J. A. D., Magalhães, R. P., de Queiroz, J. F., & Silva, W. C. P. (2021) · ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf. · doi:10.3390/ijgi10080560 · Cited by 14
Where Broken Windows Should Be Fixed
Steenbeek, W., & Kreis, C. (2015) · Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0022427815580166 · Cited by 16
Tables and Graphs for Monitoring Temporal Crime Patterns
Wheeler, A. P. (2015) · International Journal of Police Science & Management · doi:10.1177/1461355716642781 · Cited by 16
Field Experiments in Public Management
James, O., John, P. C., & Moseley, A. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316676912.006 · Cited by 16
Measuring the effect of body-worn cameras on complaints in Latin America
Mitchell, R. J., Ariel, B., Firpo, M. E., Fraiman, R., del Castillo, F., Hyatt, J. M., Weinborn, C., & Brants, H. S. (2018) · Policing An International Journal · doi:10.1108/pijpsm-01-2018-0004 · Cited by 16
Restoring Paradise in the Caribbean: Combatting Violence with Numbers
Sutton, H., Álvarez, L., van Dijk, J., van Kesteren, J., Ruprah, I. J., Puig, L. G., Jaitman, L., Torre, I., & Pecha, C. J. (2017) · Inter-American Development Bank eBooks · doi:10.18235/0012654 · Cited by 16
Microscale Prediction of Near‐Future Crime Concentrations with Street‐Level Geosurveillance
Shiode, S., & Shiode, N. (2014) · Geographical Analysis · doi:10.1111/gean.12065 · Cited by 16
Attitudes of police supervisors: do volunteers fit into policing?
Phillips, S. W., & Terrell-Orr, A. (2013) · Policing An International Journal · doi:10.1108/pijpsm-10-2012-0102 · Cited by 16
PROTOCOL: Systematic Review of the Effects of Hot Spots Policing on Crime
Braga, A. A. (2003) · Campbell Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/cl2.20 · Cited by 16
Quantifying the Geographical (Un)reliabilityof Police Data
Gerell, M. (2018) · Nordic Journal of Studies in Policing · doi:10.18261/issn.1894-8693-2018-02-05 · Cited by 15
The Benefits of Patrol Officers Using Unallocated Time for Everyday Crime Prevention
Wooditch, A. (2021) · Journal of Quantitative Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10940-021-09527-4 · Cited by 15
Neil, R., & MacDonald, J. M. (2022) · Criminology & Public Policy · doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12603 · Cited by 15
Jarke, J., Prietl, B., Egbert, S., Boeva, Y., Heuer, H., & Arnold, M. (2024) · Amsterdam University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9789048556908 · Cited by 18
Kriminalität und Delinquenz als soziales Problem
Oberwittler, D. (2012) · VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-531-94160-8_18 · Cited by 15
Kim, D.-Y., Phillips, S. W., & Wheeler, A. P. (2016) · Criminal Justice Policy Review · doi:10.1177/0887403416664567 · Cited by 15
Pósch, K. (2020) · Journal of Quantitative Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10940-020-09449-7 · Cited by 15
Wheeler, A. P., & Phillips, S. W. (2017) · Security Journal · doi:10.1057/s41284-017-0094-1 · Cited by 19
How Bayesian Persuasion Can Help Reduce Illegal Parking and Other Socially Undesirable Behavior
Hernández, P., & Neeman, Z. (2022) · American Economic Journal Microeconomics · doi:10.1257/mic.20190295 · Cited by 15
Property crime on college campuses: A case study using GIS and related tools
McGrath, S. A., Perumean‐Chaney, S. E., & Sloan, J. J. (2012) · Security Journal · doi:10.1057/sj.2012.24 · Cited by 15
Citation analysis of randomized experiments in criminology and criminal justice: a research note
Telep, C. W. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Criminology · doi:10.1007/s11292-009-9082-8 · Cited by 17
Community Crime Prevention in High–Crime Areas: The Seattle Neighborhood Group Hot Spots Project
Telep, C. W., & Hibdon, J. (2018) · City and Community · doi:10.1111/cico.12342 · Cited by 15
A Review of Field Experiments in Planning and Urban Research
Honey‐Rosés, J. (2019) · Planning Practice and Research · doi:10.1080/02697459.2019.1647394 · Cited by 15
The collateral consequences of GPS-LED supervision in hot spots policing
Wain, N., Ariel, B., & Tankebe, J. (2017) · Police Practice and Research · doi:10.1080/15614263.2016.1277146 · Cited by 15
Successful Persuasive Technology for Behavior Reduction: Mapping to Fogg’s Gray Behavior Grid
Ferebee, S. S. (2010) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-13226-1_9 · Cited by 15
The effects of gun possession arrests made by a proactive police patrol unit
Wells, W., Zhang, Y., & Zhao, J. (2012) · Policing An International Journal · doi:10.1108/13639511211230020 · Cited by 18
The effect of unreported gun-related violent crime on crime hot spots
Mazeika, D. M. (2022) · Security Journal · doi:10.1057/s41284-022-00329-2 · Cited by 14
Hotspots-based patrol route optimization algorithm for smart policing
Kim, D., Kan, Y., Aum, Y., Lee, W., & Yi, G. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20931 · Cited by 14
Competition versus monopoly in the provision of police
Blackstone, E. A., & Hakim, S. (2012) · Security Journal · doi:10.1057/sj.2012.5 · Cited by 14
How Is the Confidentiality of Crime Locations Affected by Parameters in Kernel Density Estimation?
Wang, Z., Liu, L., Zhou, H., & Lan, M. (2019) · ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information · doi:10.3390/ijgi8120544 · Cited by 14
Cheng, T., & Chen, T. (2021) · The urban book series · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_14 · Cited by 14
Rosenbaum, D. P. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108278423.015 · Cited by 14
Armed police and violence: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in Brazil
Arvate, P. R., & Souza, A. P. (2022) · Economic Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2022.105825 · Cited by 14
Beyond the Evidence: Organizational Learning from RCTs in Policing
Bedford, L., & MAZEROLLE, L. G. (2014) · Policing A Journal of Policy and Practice · doi:10.1093/police/pau050 · Cited by 14
On the Deterrent Effect of Stop, Question, and Frisk
Apel, R. J. (2015) · Criminology & Public Policy · doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12175 · Cited by 14
Crime in a Scandinavian Shopping Centre
Ceccato, V. A., Falk, Ö., Parsanezhad, P., & Tarandi, V. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-73065-3_8 · Cited by 14
Herrmann, C. R., Maroko, A., & Taniguchi, T. A. (2021) · European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10610-020-09476-x · Cited by 14
Citizen Security: Conceptual Framework and Empirical Evidence
Abizanda, B., Hoffman, J. S., Marmolejo, L., & Duryea, S. (2012) · doi:10.18235/0006935 · Cited by 14
Deep Learning for Crime Forecasting: The Role of Mobility at Fine-grained Spatiotemporal Scales
Zumel, A. A., Tizzoni, M., & Campedelli, G. M. (2025) · Journal of Quantitative Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10940-025-09629-3 · Cited by 14
Rief, R. M., & Huff, J. (2022) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2022.102025 · Cited by 13
Bucci, R. (2023) · Journal of Quantitative Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10940-023-09570-3 · Cited by 14
AI and core electoral processes: Mapping the horizons
Deepak, P., Simoes, S., & MacCárthaigh, M. (2023) · AI Magazine · doi:10.1002/aaai.12105 · Cited by 13
Size isn't everything: Understanding the relationship between police workforce and crime problems
Kim, E., BOWERS, K. J., Birks, D., & Johnson, S. D. (2024) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102291 · Cited by 13
Deterring delinquents with information. Evidence from a randomized poster campaign in Bogotá
Nussio, E., & Céspedes, E. H. N. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0200593 · Cited by 13
The Spatial Effect of Police Foot Patrol on Crime Patterns: A Local Analysis
Andresen, M. A., & Shen, J.-L. (2019) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x19828586 · Cited by 13
The crime prevention value of hot spots policing.
Braga, A. A. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 13
Telep, C. W., & Weisburd, D. L. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Criminology · doi:10.1007/s11292-014-9206-7 · Cited by 13
Self-citationNot by accident: An analytical approach to traffic crash harm reduction
Corsaro, N. A., Gerard, D. W., ENGEL, R. S., & Eck, J. E. (2012) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2012.08.003 · Cited by 13
Deviant Peer Associations and Perceived Police Legitimacy: Is There a Connection?
Ferdik, F. V., Gist, J., & Evans, S. Z. (2017) · Criminal Justice Policy Review · doi:10.1177/0887403417742949 · Cited by 13
Field Supervisor Behaviour and Officer on Duty Personal Business
Johnson, R. R. (2008) · International Journal of Police Science & Management · doi:10.1350/ijps.2008.10.3.89 · Cited by 13
Searching for Goldilocks: The Distance‐Based Capitalization Effects of Local Public Services
Dronyk‐Trosper, T. (2016) · Real Estate Economics · doi:10.1111/1540-6229.12171 · Cited by 13
‘Led by Intelligence': A Scoping Review on the Experimental Evaluation of Intelligence-Led Policing
Khalfa, R., & Hardyns, W. (2024) · Evaluation Review · doi:10.1177/0193841x231204588 · Cited by 12
Police Patrol Optimization With Security Level Functions
Chen, X. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems · doi:10.1109/tsmca.2012.2226025 · Cited by 12
Mental Model of the Drug Market Intervention
Rivers, L., Norris, A., & McGarrell, E. F. (2012) · Journal of Drug Issues · doi:10.1177/0022042612436653 · Cited by 12
Social, health and ethnicity correlates of complaints of excessive police force
Smith, S., Ferguson, C. J., Miguel, C. E. S., Ynalvez, M. A., & Henderson, H. (2022) · Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/cbm.2255 · Cited by 12
Ariel, B., Sutherland, A., Weisburd, D. L., Ilan, Y., & Bland, M. (2023) · Policing A Journal of Policy and Practice · doi:10.1093/police/paad040 · Cited by 12
Self-citationComparing Fear of Crime and Crime Statistics on a University Campus
Fuhrmann, S., Huynh, N. T., & Scholz, R. W. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4997-9_14 · Cited by 12
Braga, A. A. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-69169-5_12 · Cited by 12
“Community perception of casino gambling's effect on crime in new gambling jurisdictions”
GIACOPASSI, D. J., Stitt, B. G., & Nichols, M. W. (2001) · The Justice Professional · doi:10.1080/1478601x.2001.9959619 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Sherman, L. W., & Weisburd, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Sherman, Lawrence W.
- Venue
- Justice Quarterly
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1995-12
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 625-648
- ISSN
- 0741-8825 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-9109
- OpenAlex
- W2137258537
- Cited by
- 1,029
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 72 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 61 · 2014: 62 · 2013: 51 · 2012: 50
- FWCI
- 25.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Justice Quarterly (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Policing Practices and Perceptions
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Law › Criminal Justice and Penology
- Keywords
- police patrol, crime hotspots, general deterrence, crime reduction, disorder, seasonal variation, Minneapolis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
