Community policing against guns: Public opinion of the kansas city gun experiment

“A separate non-equivalent control group quasi-experiment examined community reaction to the Kansas City intervention and found that the community strongly supported the intensive patrols and perceived an improvement in the quality of life in the treatment neighborhood (Shaw 1995).”

“Does the concentration of police enforcement efforts lead citizens to question the fairness of police practices? There is some evidence that residents of areas that are subjected to hot spots policing welcome the concentration of police efforts in problem places (Shaw 1995).”

“org/10.15288/ jsad.2013.74.125 Williams, K. R., & Guerra, N. G. (2011). Perceptions of collective efficacy and bullying perpetration in schools. Social Problems, 58, 126–143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sp.2011.58.1.126 Wills, T. A., Sargent, J. D., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., & Stoolmiller, M. (2009). Movie exposure t…”

“…intensive interventions such as hot spots policing will have negative impacts on police legitimacy, the limited evidence available from such interventions tends to suggest that citizens living in targeted areas welcome the increased police presence (Shaw, 1995; but see Hinkle & Weisburd, 2008).”

“It is significant to note that in both Kansas City (Shaw, 1995) and Indianapolis (Chermak et al., 2001; McGarrell et al., 1999), there was a high level of public support for the police and for aggressive enforcement among both whites and blacks.”

“For example, a study linked to the Kansas City Gun Project (Sherman and Rogan 1995) found that the community strongly supported the intensive patrols and perceived an improvement in the quality of life in the treatment neighborhood ( Shaw 1995 ).”

“Research findings generally show that some of these activities can significantly reduce levels of citizen fear (Bennett, 1994; McGarrel, Giacomazzi, & Thurman, 1997; Shaw, 1995; Torres & Vogel, 2001; see Zhao, Scheider, & Thurman, 2002, for a review).”

“For example, a study linked to the Kansas City Gun Experiment (Sherman & Rogan, 1995) found that the community strongly supported the intensive patrols and perceived an improvement in the quality of life in the treatment neighborhood (J. Shaw, 1995).”

“Two exceptions are a study of citizens' reactions to aggressive patrol practices in Oakland and Birmingham (Uchida, Forst, and Annan 1992) and a study published in conjunction with the Kansas City Gun Experiment (Shaw 1995).”

“The Kansas City gun experiment suggests that such methods can be effective in preventing serious crimes but that advanced notification and explanation are important to gaining community support (Shaw 1995; Sherman, Shaw, and Rogan 1995).”

“…four nonrandomized studies testing police crackdowns on gun carrying in three U.S. cities—Kansas City, Missouri (Sherman and Rogan 1995; also see Shaw 1994, 1995; Sherman et al. 1995), Indianapolis, Indiana (McGarrell et al. 2000; also see McGarrell et al. 2001, 2002), and Pittsburgh,…”

“The extent to which people in neighborhoods around crime hot spots may approve of police patrols there can be very high (Shaw, 1995) or little different with or without such patrols (Weisburd, Hinkle, Famega, & Ready, 2011).”

“For example, a study linked to the Kansas City Gun Project (Shaw 1995; Sherman and Rogan 1995), and studies examining the effects of aggressive traffic enforcement on firearm crimes in Indianapolis (Chermak et al. 2001; McGarrell et al. 2001), found that the community strongly supported the intensive patrols.”

“In Kansas City, directed patrol focused on reducing gun violence in a high crime police beat was found to reduce fear of crime (Shaw, 1995); however, the statistical validity of that finding has been questioned (Hinkle & Weisburd, 2008).”

“Target area residents surveyed both before and after the intervention reported being more satisfied with their neighborhood, less fearful of crime, and perceived lower rates of disorder and drug crime compared to residents from the control area (Sherman & Rogan, 1995; see also Shaw, 1995).”

“The last of these concerns is particularly important when evaluating the effectiveness of communitybased law enforcement approaches, given that aggressive policing efforts have often been shown to negatively impact citizen views of police in terms of perceived fairness, effectiveness, and legitimacy (Brunson 2007; Gau…”

“…four nonrandomized evaluations testing police crackdowns on gun carrying in three U.S. cities—Kansas City, Missouri (Sherman and Rogan 1995; also see Shaw 1994, 1995; Sherman et al. 1995), Indianapolis, Indiana (McGarrell et al. 2000; also see McGarrell et al. 2001, 2002), and Pittsburgh,…”

“The Kansas City Police used problem solving to reduce violence by removing guns from the streets (Shaw, 1998).”

“The logical response to counter the perceptions of under-policing would be to increase police patrol (Shaw 1995, Brooks 2000, Carr et al. 2007).”

“…D’Souza (2016), National Research Council (2004), Pate et al. (1986), Ratcliffe et al. (2015), Rosenbaum et al. (2005), Segrave and Collins (2004), Shaw (1995), Skogan (1994, 2009), Skogan and Hartnett (1997), Skogan and Steiner (2004), Tuffin et al. (2006), Tyler et al. (2014), Weisburd et al.…”

“Many members of the public support greater police presence in their communities, particularly in high-crime areas (e.g., Chermak et al., 2001; Hawdon et al., 2003; Saad, 2020; Shaw, 1995).”

“policing strategies (Chermak et al., 2001; Shaw, 1995).”

“…community reaction to the Kansas City intervention and, through surveys of randomly selected residents in the treatment and control areas, found that the community strongly supported the intensive patrols and perceived an improvement in the quality of life in the treatment neighborhood (Shaw 1995).”

“Sherman and colleagues (1989) ask, “Are places criminogenic?” The more fundamental issue is whether the routine activities of places, given their physical environment, are actually criminogenic.”

“Many members of the public support greater police presence in their communities, particularly in high-crime areas (e.g., Chermak et al., 2001; Hawdon et al., 2003; Saad, 2020; Shaw, 1995).”

“…from hot spots policing on public perceptions of the police, and in fact, the weight of the evidence is that residents of crime hot spots may appreciate the increased focus on crime in their neighborhoods (Chermak, McGarrell, & Weiss; Corsaro et al., 2010, Shaw, 1995; Weisburd & Telep, 2014).”

“Some studies (Shaw, 1995) did find that residents were willing to put up with aggressive policing if it meant reducing violent crime.”

“, hot spot policing, problem-oriented policing) on community members’ perceptions about crime and safety (Braga & Bond, 2008; Groff et al., 2015; Hinkle & Weisburd, 2008; Kochel, 2011; Kochel & Weisburd, 2017; Shaw, 1995), we could not identify studies that have examined how FD affects public perceptions of and experi…”

“Further, in both of these experiments effective police management resulted in no apparent conflict with citizens and even increased citizen satisfaction despite the aggressive nature of the patrols (Shaw 1995; Chermak, McGarrell, and Weiss 2001).”

“strongly supported intensive patrols and perceived an improvement in their quality of life (Shaw, 1995).”

“Although not a central focus, the Kansas City and Indianapolis studies also appeared to find community support for the strategy (Shaw, 1995; Chermak et al., 2001).”

“For example, Shaw (1995) found that citizens welcomed an increased in police activity, and survey data demonstrated that citizens in treatment areas reported better quality of life conditions after police intervention (Shaw, 1995; Shaw and Rogan, 1995).”