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Developing Mindfulness in College Students Through Movement-Based Courses: Effects on Self-Regulatory Self-Efficacy, Mood, Stress, and Sleep Quality
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether mindfulness increased through participation in movement-based courses and whether changes in self-regulatory self-efficacy, mood, and perceived stress mediated the relationship between increased mindfulness and better sleep. PARTICIPANTS: 166 college students enrolled in the 2007-2008 academic year in 15 week classes in Pilates, Taiji quan, or GYROKINESIS. METHODS: At beginning, middle, and end of the semester, participants completed measures of mindfulness, self-regulatory self-efficacy, mood, perceived stress, and sleep quality. RESULTS: Total mindfulness scores and mindfulness subscales increased overall. Greater changes in mindfulness were directly related to better sleep quality at the end of the semester after adjusting for sleep disturbance at the beginning. Tiredness, Negative Arousal, Relaxation, and Perceived Stress mediated the effect of increased mindfulness on improved sleep. CONCLUSIONS: Movement-based courses can increase mindfulness. Increased mindfulness accounts for changes in mood and perceived stress, which explain, in part, improved sleep quality.
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“several studies showed that mindfulness-based interventions improve the quality of sleep (typical index of well-being) and reduce the incidence of insomnia and sleep disorders20–22.”
From Mindfulness-based online intervention increases well-being and decreases stress after Covid-19 lockdown (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
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“The majority of the studies were cross-sectional (n=32) with only two longitudinal studies [37,42] including one intervention study [37].”
From A systematic review and meta-analysis of poor sleep, insomnia symptoms and stress in undergraduate students (2022) · cites this paper as [37]
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“The geographical location of the studies varied widely with the majority of (n=15) studies conducted in North America [37,44,46-58].”
From A systematic review and meta-analysis of poor sleep, insomnia symptoms and stress in undergraduate students (2022) · cites this paper as [37]
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“Ten of the 34 [29,35-43] studies were included after study authors provided clarifications, statistics, or additional data by email.”
From A systematic review and meta-analysis of poor sleep, insomnia symptoms and stress in undergraduate students (2022) · cites this paper as [37]
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“Strategies such as mindfulness have been associated with improvement in relaxed mood and a reduction in perceived stress and tiredness, in turn, reducing sleep disturbance and predicting better quality sleep (Caldwell et al. 2010).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Caldwell, K., Harrison, M., Adams, M., Quin, R. H., & Greeson, J.
- Affiliations
- Appalachian State University (US)
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Journal of American College Health
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2010-03-24
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 433-442
- ISSN
- 0164-4300 (ISSN-L)
- 0744-8481
- 1940-3208
- PMC
- PMC2879280
- OpenAlex
- W2080703617
- Cited by
- 335
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 11.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of American College Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro) (submittedVersion)
- Rowan Digitals Works (Rowan University) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Appalachian State University
- Funders
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (K99AT004945)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- mindfulness, mood, perceived stress, sleep quality, university students, Pilates, Tai Chi, mediation, fatigue, relaxation
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Analysis of Variance, Arousal, Curriculum, Female, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Models, Psychological, Perception, Psychological Tests, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Relaxation, Statistics as Topic, Stress, Psychological, Students, Universities, Linear Models, Self Efficacy, Exercise Movement Techniques, Young Adult
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