The Theory of Planned Behavior as it predicts potential intention to seek mental health services for depression among college students
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BACKGROUND: Between 9.5% and 31.3% of college students suffer from depression (American college health association national college health assessment II: reference group executive summary spring 2013. Amer. Coll. Health Assoc. 2013; Eagan K, Stolzenberg EB, Ramirez JJ, Aragon, MC, Suchard, RS, Hurtado S. The American freshman: national norms fall 2014. Higher Educ. Res. Inst.; 2015). Universities need to understand the factors that relate to care-seeking behavior. OBJECTIVE: Across 3 studies, to relate attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavioral control to intention to seek mental health services, and to investigate barriers to care-seeking. PARTICIPANTS: University college students (N = 845, 64% female, 26% male, and 10% unspecified). METHODS: New measures were created in Studies 1 and 2, and were examined using structural equation modeling in Study 3. RESULTS: Partially consistent with the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, I, Fishbein, M. Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1980), a model with an excellent fit revealed that more positive attitudes about care and higher perceived behavioral control directly predicted higher intention to seek mental health services. CONCLUSIONS: Educating college students about mental health disorders and treatments, enhancing knowledge about available services, and addressing limited access to long-term care might improve treatment rates for students suffering from depression.
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Five cross-sectional papers included a psychometric study or elicitation study that designed and/or evaluated measures to assess TPB variables [36, 50, 53, 54, 59].
“Five of the cross-sectional papers included a psychometric study or elicitation study, which designed and/or evaluated measures to assess TPB variables, for use in the main cross-sectional study [36, 50, 53, 54, 59].”
From Explaining adults’ mental health help-seeking through the lens of the theory of planned behavior: A scoping review (2022) · cites this paper as [36]
Depression was the only mental health problem examined independently, with eight studies (19%) focusing only on help-seeking for depression and one study (2%) focusing on depression and suicidal thoughts [35, 36, 48, 53, 58, 60, 62, 72].
“Depression was the only mental health problem to be examined independently, with eight studies (19%) focusing only on help-seeking for depression, and one study (2%) focusing on depression and suicidal thoughts [35, 36, 48, 53, 58, 60, 62, 72].”
From Explaining adults’ mental health help-seeking through the lens of the theory of planned behavior: A scoping review (2022) · cites this paper as [36]
Bohon et al. found partial support for the influence of TPB variables on help-seeking, with attitudes and perceived behavioral control significantly predictive of intentions to seek help, but not subjective norms.
“Conversely, Bohon et al. [36] found partial support for the influence of TPB variables on help-seeking, with attitudes and perceived behavioral control significantly predictive of intentions to seek help, but not subjective norms.”
From Explaining adults’ mental health help-seeking through the lens of the theory of planned behavior: A scoping review (2022) · cites this paper as [36]
In the present review, subjective norms were not statistically significant predictors of help-seeking intentions in some studies conducted in the USA.
“In the present review, we found subjective norms were not statistically significant predictors of help-seeking intentions in some studies conducted in the USA [36, 55].”
From Explaining adults’ mental health help-seeking through the lens of the theory of planned behavior: A scoping review (2022) · cites this paper as [36]
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- Authors
- Bohon, L. M., Cotter, K. A., Kravitz, R. L., Cello, P. C., & Fernandez y Garcia, E.
- Affiliations
- California State University, Sacramento (US)
- California State University, Stanislaus (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bohon, Lisa M.
- Venue
- Journal of American College Health
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-07-07
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 593-603
- ISSN
- 0164-4300 (ISSN-L)
- 0744-8481
- 1940-3208
- PMC
- PMC5181847
- OpenAlex
- W2472080323
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 7.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of American College Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health (K23MH101157)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- theory of planned behavior, depression, mental health service utilization, help-seeking intentions, university students, perceived behavioral control, social norms, barriers to care, mental health education
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attitude to Health, California, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health Services, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Student Health Services, Students, Universities, Health Behavior, Intention, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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