Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 5Poverty, Education, and Child WelfareInternational Development and AidSocial Policy and Reform Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Politicization of Non-state Cash Transfers: The Cases of Uganda and Tanzania

Open access
Nystrand, Malin J., Ulrich, Jacob, Buur, Lars, Yawe, Bruno, Mwinuka, Lutengano, Kisaame, Emmanuel Keith·2025·Forum for Development Studies
DOI 10.1080/08039410.2024.2334936
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Social cash transfers (CTs) have expanded considerably in Africa over the last decade. While the largest programmes are run by public institutions, non-state actors are increasingly becoming involved, but have attracted less academic attention. CTs are particular in that they are more fungible and liquid than other types of welfare provision, meaning that they are more difficult to control for both providers and governments. This article explores state strategies in relation to CTs by non-state actors focusing on when and how they are politicized. We analyse politicization from two intertwined vantage points. Firstly, we argue that the distributional logic in a society’s social contract contributes to understanding how and when cash transfers become politicized. We analyse the distributional logic along a continuum from universalist to partisan and apply this analytical lens to Tanzania and Uganda. Secondly, we suggest that politicization is intertwined with how the states coordinate non-state-CTs. We show that in Tanzania non-state-CTs are integrated into the state’s framework of social protection, while in Uganda they primarily operate on the margins of the state. In both cases, however, the state retains control over non-state-CTs and uses them politically, albeit in different ways, in order to maintain its relations with important constituencies. Hence, our analytical framework, which combines analysis of the distributional logic in the social contract and the mode of coordination, enables us to unpack when and how non-state-CTs are politicized, as well as how the tensions between governments and non-state-CTs have been handled differently in the two countries.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/08039410.2024.2334936

Cites

40 of 40 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. Bastagli, F., J. Hagen-Zanker, L. Harman, V. Barca, G. Sturge, T. Schmidt and L. Pellerano, 2016, Cash Transfers: What Does the Evidence say? A Rigorous Review of Programme Impact and of the Role of Design and Implementation Features, ODI Research Report, London: Overseas Development Institute.
  2. Expanding Social Protection Programme 2021 ‘SAGE National Roll Out Update January 2021’ Ministry of Gender Labour and Social Development The Republic of Uganda.
  3. Mwinuka, Lutengano, Raphael Macha, Rehema Kilonzo, Lars Buur and Malin J. Nystrand, 2024 forthcoming, The Development of Political Settlements in Tanzania: Implications for Social Cash Transfers, Roskilde: Roskilde University.
  4. Nugent, P., 2010, ‘State and social contracts in Africa’, New Left Review, Vol. 63, pp. 35–68.
  5. Nystrand, Malin J., Fred H. Bateganya, Susan Kavuma and Bruno Yawe, 2024, forthcoming, The Development of Political Settlements in Uganda from Independence to the Present, Roskilde: Roskilde University.
  6. Shivji, I., 2021, ‘The dialectics of Maguphilia and Maguphobia’, CODESTRIA Bulletin Online, Vol. 13, pp. 1–10.

Cited by

See all 5

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Nystrand, M. J., Ulrich, J., Buur, L., Yawe, B., Mwinuka, L., & Kisaame, E. K.
Affiliations
  • Roskilde University (DK)
  • Makerere University (UG)
  • The University of Dodoma (TZ)
  • Makerere University
ORCID
Venue
Forum for Development Studies
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2024-04
Volume
52
Issue
1
Pages
135-161
ISSN
  • 0803-9410 (ISSN-L)
  • 1891-1765
DOI
10.1080/08039410.2024.2334936
OpenAlex
W4393491007
Cited by
4
References
40
Citations by year
2025: 3 · 2024: 1
FWCI
1.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Forum for Development Studies (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • RUCforsk (Roskilde University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Greater South Information System
Funders
Danish Fellowship Centre under the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (19–05 RUC)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Development › Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
  • Social Sciences › Development › International Development and Aid
  • Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Social Policy and Reform Studies
Keywords
social cash transfers, non-state actors, politicization, social contract, state coordination, social protection, welfare provision, Uganda, Tanzania

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review