Vigilance in the discrimination-stress model for Black Americans
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Daily events of discrimination are important factors in understanding health disparities. Vigilant coping, or protecting against anticipated discrimination by monitoring and modifying behaviour, is an understudied mechanism that may link discrimination and health outcomes. This study investigates how responding to everyday discrimination with anticipatory vigilance relates to the health of Black men and women. METHODS: Black adults (N = 221) from the Detroit area completed measures of discrimination, adverse life events, vigilance coping, stress, depressive symptoms and self-reported health. RESULTS: Vigilance coping strategies mediated the relationship between discrimination and stress. Multi-group path analysis revealed that stress in turn was associated with increased depression in men and women. Self-reported health consequences of stress differed between men and women. CONCLUSIONS: Vigilance coping mediates the link between discrimination and stress, and stress has consequences for health outcomes resulting from discrimination. More research is needed to understand other underlying contributors to discrimination, stress and poor health outcomes as well as to create potential interventions to ameliorate health outcomes in the face of discrimination-related stress.
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Such neurobiological changes may be precursors to racism-related vigilance and rumination, which are emerging as health risk factors.
“Such neurobiological changes may also be precursors to racism-related vigilance and rumination which are emerging as health risk factors in their own right [406–411].”
From Racism as a Determinant of Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2015) · cites this paper as [411]
The Conclusions passage (page not provided) describes racism-related vigilance as a potential health risk and links rumination to adverse health effects. The Results and Discussion model vigilance as a response to discrimination that may increase stress; they do not establish that neurobiological changes precede vigilance or rumination. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredVigilance, or monitoring and adjusting one's behaviour to protect oneself from discrimination, has mediated the link between discrimination and stress.
“Vigilance, or monitoring and adjusting one's behaviour to protect oneself from discrimination has mediated the link between discrimination and stress (Himmelstein et al., 2015).”
From A pilot study of experiencing racial microaggressions, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and the role of psychological flexibility (2023) · cites this paper as Himmelstein et al., 2015
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References 48 · Cited by 168
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Kenny DA Kashy DA Cook WL 2006 Using structural equation modeling to study dyads Dyadic data analysis 100 118 New York, NY Guilford Press
- Authors
- Himmelstein, M. S., Young, D. M., Sanchez, D. T., & Jackson, J. S.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Young, Danielle M.
- Venue
- Psychology & Health
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-10-09
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 253-267
- ISSN
- 0887-0446 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-8321
- PMC
- PMC4434586
- OpenAlex
- W2029883390
- Cited by
- 168
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 17.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychology and Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (P30AG015281)
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (P60MD002249)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Gender, Health, and Social Inequality
- Keywords
- discrimination stress, everyday discrimination, health disparities, African Americans, depressive symptoms, stress, self-reported health, gender differences, mediation, life events
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Black or African American, Depression, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Michigan, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Prejudice, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress, Psychological, Health Status Disparities, Self Report
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