An examination of hardiness and neuroticism as potential moderators of stress outcomes
Abstract
The perception of stress is believed to result in negative consequences as a result of complex interactions among a number of variables. This study of a random sample of 234 male highway patrol officers examined the relationship among stress measures (perception of stress, report of daily hassles, and items unique to police work) and the specific consequences of stress (burnout, physical symptoms, and job dissatisfaction). Our hypothesis was that hardiness and neuroticism would moderate the relationship between stress and its consequences and that the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) would emerge as a significant predictor of the strain experienced. The two moderator variables we examined exerted clearer main effects, rather than moderating influences, on the outcome measures. The authors found that the PSS was an important and significant predictor of stress-induced consequences.
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In Hills and Norvell (1991), from the independent variables (Perceived stress scale, Daily hassles scale, Police stress scale) only perceived stress scale was associated with increased burnout.
“From the independent variables (Perceived stress scale, Daily hassles scale, Police stress scale) only perceived stress scale was associated with increased burnout.”
From Psychosocial risk and protective factors associated with burnout in police officers: A systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as Hills and Norvell (1991)
In Hills and Norvell (1991), neuroticism was significant and positively associated with EE.
“Neuroticism was significant and positively associated with EE.”
From Psychosocial risk and protective factors associated with burnout in police officers: A systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as Hills and Norvell (1991)
Psychological hardiness and dispositional mindfulness protect against burnout in police officers.
“Concerning dispositional per sonality traits, psychological hardiness and dispositional mindfulness protected against burnout (Fyhn et al., 2016; Hills and Norvell, 1991; Kepple, 2018).”
From Psychosocial risk and protective factors associated with burnout in police officers: A systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as Hills and Norvell, 1991
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References 29 · Cited by 102
- Authors
- Hills, H., & Norvell, N.
- Venue
- Behavioral Medicine
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1991-03
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 31-38
- ISSN
- 0896-4289 (ISSN-L)
- 1940-4026
- OpenAlex
- W2014299095
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 6.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavioral Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Keywords
- hardiness, neuroticism, perceived stress, daily hassles, burnout, somatic symptoms, job dissatisfaction, police officers, highway patrol, moderators, occupational stress
- MeSH terms
- Burnout, Professional, Humans, Individuality, Internal-External Control, Male, Neurotic Disorders, Personality Inventory, Psychophysiologic Disorders, Risk Factors, Social Control, Formal, Somatoform Disorders, Stress, Psychological
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