Executive Functions, Depressive Symptoms, and College Adjustment in Women
Abstract
Many students have difficulty adjusting to college, and the contribution of academic and relational factors have been considered in previous research. In particular, depression commonly emerges among college women at this time and could be related to poor adjustment to college. This study examined the relationship between executive functions, depressive symptoms, and college adjustment in college women. Seventy-seven female participants from a midsize urban university completed the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, College Adjustment Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version, and four subtests from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System: the Trail-Making Test, Design Fluency Test, Verbal Fluency Test, and Color-Word Interference Test. After controlling for IQ score, hierarchical regression analyses showed that subjective and objective measures of executive functioning and depressive symptoms were significantly related to college adjustment problems in academic, relational, and psychological areas. The current study provides evidence for a relationship between cognitive abilities, psychiatric symptoms, and college adjustment.
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Individuals who experience greater executive function difficulties report elevated depression symptoms in cross-sectional studies.
“Individuals who experience greater EF difficulties report elevated depression symptoms in cross-sectional studies (Feldman, Knouse, & Robinson, 2013; Knouse, Barkley, & Murphy, 2012; Wingo et al., 2013).”
From Dispositional Mindfulness Uncouples Physiological and Emotional Reactivity to a Laboratory Stressor and Emotional Reactivity to Executive Functioning Lapses in Daily Life (2016) · cites this paper as Wingo et al., 2013
Self-reported executive functioning deficits are associated with dysphoric affect and depression symptoms among college students and with greater depression severity among treatment-seeking individuals with ADHD.
“Self-reported deficits in EF are associated with dysphoric affect and depression symptoms among college students (Bridgett et al, 2013; Feldman, Knouse, & Robinson, 2013; Wingo, Kalkut, Tuminello, Asconape, & Han, 2013) and greater depression symptom severity among individuals seeking treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Knouse, Barkley, & Murphy, 2012).”
From Dispositional Mindfulness Uncouples Physiological and Emotional Reactivity to a Laboratory Stressor and Emotional Reactivity to Executive Functioning Lapses in Daily Life (2016) · cites this paper as Wingo, Kalkut, Tuminello, Asconape, & Han, 2013
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References 48 · Cited by 25
- Authors
- Wingo, J., Kalkut, E., Tuminello, E., Asconape, J., & Han, S. D.
- Affiliations
- Loyola University Chicago (US)
- Medical College of Wisconsin (US)
- Rush University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Han, S. Duke
- ORCID
- Han, S. Duke
- Venue
- Applied Neuropsychology: Adult
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-01-14
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 136-144
- ISSN
- 2327-9095 (ISSN-L)
- 2327-9109
- OpenAlex
- W2022183151
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 8.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Applied Neuropsychology Adult (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- executive function, depressive symptoms, college adjustment, female university students, academic adjustment, social adaptation, psychological adjustment, cognitive ability, neuropsychological assessment, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Trail Making Test, Color-Word Interference Test, Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Depression, Female, Humans, Intelligence Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Social Adjustment, Universities, Executive Function
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