The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Historical Analysis of Participation in 161 km Ultramarathons in North America
Abstract
Participation trends in 100 m (161 km) ultramarathon running competitions in North America were examined from race results from 1977 through 2008. A total of 32, 352 finishes accounted for by 9815 unique individuals were identified. The annual number of races and number of finishes increased exponentially over the study period. This growth in number of finishes occurred through a combination of (1) an increase in participation among runners >40 years of age from less than 40% of the finishes prior to the mid-1980s to 65-70% of the finishes since 1996, (2) a growth (p < 0.0001) in participation among women from virtually none in the late 1970s to nearly 20% since 2004, and (3) an increase in the average annual number of races completed by each individual to 1.3. While there has been considerable growth in participation, the 161 km ultramarathon continues to attract a relatively small number of participants compared with running races of shorter distances.
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Cited by
Biomechanics and Physiology of Uphill and Downhill Running
Vernillo, G., Giandolini, M., Edwards, W. B., Morin, J.-B., Samozino, P., Horvais, N., & Millet, G. Y. (2017) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0605-y · Cited by 289
Factors Related to Successful Completion of a 161-km Ultramarathon
Hoffman, M. D., & Fogard, K. (2011) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.6.1.25 · Cited by 208
Self-citationTiller, N. B., Roberts, J. D., Beasley, L., Chapman, S., Pinto, J. M., Smith, L., Wiffin, M., Russell, M., Sparks, S. A., Duckworth, L., et al. (2019) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-019-0312-9 · Cited by 164
Nutrition for Ultramarathon Running: Trail, Track, and Road
Costa, R. J. S., Knechtle, B., Tarnopolsky, M., & Hoffman, M. D. (2019) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0255 · Cited by 118
Self-citationRace Diet of Finishers and Non-Finishers in a 100 Mile (161 km) Mountain Footrace
Stuempfle, K. J., Hoffman, M. D., Weschler, L. B., Rogers, I. R., & Hew-Butler, T. (2011) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2011.10719999 · Cited by 86
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hoffman, M. D., Ong, J. C., & Wang, G.
- Venue
- The International Journal of the History of Sport
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2010-07-21
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1877-1891
- ISSN
- 0952-3367 (ISSN-L)
- 1743-9035
- OpenAlex
- W2100643880
- Cited by
- 260
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 58.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Hoffman, M. D., Ong, J. C., & Wang, G. (2010). Historical Analysis of Participation in 161 km Ultramarathons in North America. The International Journal of the History of Sport. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2010.494385
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