Race Diet of Finishers and Non-Finishers in a 100 Mile (161 km) Mountain Footrace
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine if food and fluid intake is related to completion of a 161-km ultramarathon. METHODS: Sixteen consenting runners in the Western States Endurance Run participated in the study. Race diets were analyzed using Nutritionist Pro software. Both total intake and intake by race segment (3 total) were evaluated. RESULTS: Six of 16 subjects completed the race (finishers) in 27.0 ± 2.3 hours (mean ± SD). Non-finishers completed 96.5 ± 20.5 km in 17.0 ± 3.9 h. Overall consumption rates of kilocalories, carbohydrate, fat, and sodium were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in finishers (4.6 ± 1.7 kcal/kg/h, 0.98 ± 0.43 g carbohydrate/kg/h, 0.06 ± 0.03 g fat/kg/h, 10.2 ± 6.0 mg sodium/kg/h) versus non-finishers (2.5 ± 1.3 kcal/kg/h, 0.56 ± 0.32 g carbohydrate/kg/h, 0.02 ± 0.02 g fat/kg/h, 5.2 ± 3.0 mg sodium/kg/h). Kilocalorie, fat, fluid, and sodium consumption rates during segment 1 (first 48 km) were significantly greater in finishers than in non-finishers. CONCLUSIONS: Completion of this 161-km race was related to greater fuel, fluid, and sodium consumption rates. However, intake ranges for the finishers were large, so factors other than race diet may have contributed to the successful completion of the race.
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Race completion has been positively correlated with energy and fluid intake.
“Indeed, while race completion has been positively correlated with energy and fluid intake [14, 15]”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
The calories consumed by some ultra-endurance athletes is reported to be between 36 and 53% of their racing energy expenditure.
“the calories consumed by some ultra-endurance athletes is reported to be between 36 and 53% of their racing energy expenditure [13, 15–17].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
When expressed relative to body-mass, finishers consumed nearly double the amount of carbohydrate than non-finishers (0.98 ± 0.43 versus 0.56 ± 0.32 g·kg−1·h−1).
“When expressed relative to body-mass, finishers consumed nearly double the amount of CHO than non-finishers (0.98 ± 0.43 versus 0.56 ± 0.32 g·kg− 1·h− 1).”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
Over the same distance, others report greater carbohydrate intakes of 65.8 ± 27.0 g·h−1 (range: 36-102 g·h−1) compared to 41.5 ± 23.2 g·h−1 for non-finishers (range: 13.8-83.8 g·h−1).
“Over the same distance, others report greater CHO intakes of 65.8 ± 27.0 g·h− 1 (range: 36–102 g·h− 1 [15];) compared to 41.5 ± 23.2 g·h− 1 for non-finishers (range: 13.8–83.8 g·h− 1).”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
In longer races (100 mile, 161 km), caloric intakes of <200 Kcal·h−1 tended to result in race non-completion.
“By contrast, in longer races (100 mile, 161 km), caloric intakes of < 200 Kcal·h− 1 tended to result in race non-completion [15]”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
Field studies indicate that successful completion of ultra-marathon is generally associated with greater energy and fluid intake, even when accounting for variations in performance time.
“Field studies indicate that successful completion of ultra-marathon is generally associated with greater energy and fluid intake [14, 15], even when accounting for variations in performance time [15].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
In longer races, race finishers consumed a significantly greater number of hourly calories when compared to non-finishers (4.6 ± 1.7 versus 2.5 ± 1.3 Kcal·kg−1·h−1).
“with race finishers consuming a significantly greater number of hourly calories when compared to non-finishers (4.6 ± 1.7 versus 2.5 ± 1.3 Kcal·kg− 1·h− 1).”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
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- Authors
- Stuempfle, K. J., Hoffman, M. D., Weschler, L. B., Rogers, I. R., & Hew-Butler, T.
- Affiliations
- Gettysburg College (US)
- VA Northern California Health Care System (US)
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Stuempfle, Kristin J
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2011-12
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 529-535
- ISSN
- 0731-5724 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-1087
- OpenAlex
- W2037796044
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The Cupola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College (Gettysburg College) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- ultramarathon, endurance running, fluid intake, sodium intake, carbohydrate intake, dietary fat intake, kilocalorie intake
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Energy Intake, Diet, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Physical Endurance, Retrospective Studies, Running, Sodium, Dietary, Athletes
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