The elephant in the room: the role of time in expatriate adjustment
Abstract
This conceptual article explores the role of temporal dynamics in the study of expatriate adjustment. We introduce the dimensions and the domains of adjustment and discuss the dynamics between them, as well as the dynamics between antecedents, state and consequences of adjustment. Issues such as the role of time lags, duration and rate of change as well as reciprocal causation are discussed. We address the consequences of these issues for theory building in the area of expatriate adjustment and the implications for methodological choices. We conclude with specific recommendations for the future research of expatriate adjustment that recognise the nature of adjustment as a process evolving over time and that we hope will enhance the rigour and relevance of this area of research.
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Time is an important but under-researched aspect of all HRM activities and studies.
“Time is an important but under-researched aspect of all HRM activities and studies (George & Jones, 2000;Hippler, Brewster, & Haslberger, 2015).”
From Conceptualising the future of HRM and technology research (2016) · cites this paper as Hippler, Brewster, & Haslberger, 2015
Cites
Brannen, M. Y., Piekkari, R., & Tietze, S. (2014) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2014.24 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
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Conceptualising the future of HRM and technology research
Bondarouk, T., & Brewster, C. (2016) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2016.1232296 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Hippler, T., Brewster, C., & Haslberger, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Essex (GB)
- University of Reading (GB)
- Middlesex University London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hippler, Thomas
- Venue
- The International Journal of Human Resource Management
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-06-10
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 1920-1935
- ISSN
- 0958-5192 (ISSN-L)
- 1466-4399
- OpenAlex
- W1490009836
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 21.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The International Journal of Human Resource Management (publishedVersion)
- Open Access at Essex (University of Essex) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Communication › International Student and Expatriate Challenges
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › International Business and FDI
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration and Labor Dynamics
- Keywords
- expatriate adjustment, temporal dynamics, time delay, rate of change, reciprocal causation, expatriate management
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