The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Introducing the prebound effect: the gap between performance and actual energy consumption
Open accessAbstract
German regulations for the thermal renovation of existing homes demand high thermal standards, which the government claims are technically and economically feasible. This paper examines existing data on 3400 German homes; their calculated energy performance ratings (EPR) are then plotted against the actual measured consumption. The results indicate that occupants consume, on average, 30% less heating energy than the calculated rating. This phenomenon is identified as the ‘prebound’ effect and increases with the calculated rating. The opposite phenomenon, the rebound effect, tends to occur for low-energy dwellings, where occupants consume more than the rating. A similar phenomenon has been recognized in recent Dutch, Belgian, French and UK studies, suggesting policy implications in two directions. Firstly, using a dwelling's energy rating to predict fuel and CO2 savings through retrofits tends to overestimate savings, underestimate the payback time and possibly discourage cost-effective, incremental improvements. Secondly, the potential fuel and CO2 savings through non-technical measures such as occupant behaviour may well be far larger than is generally assumed in policies so policy-makers need a better understanding of what drives or inhibits occupants' decisions. La réglementation allemande relative à la rénovation thermique des logements existants exige des normes thermiques élevées, que le gouvernement prétend être techniquement et économiquement applicables. Cet article examine les données existantes sur 3400 logements allemands; leurs classes d'efficacité énergétique (CEE) calculées sont ensuite comparées à la consommation réelle mesurée. Les résultats indiquent que les occupants consomment, en moyenne, 30 % d'énergie de chauffage en moins que la classe calculée. Ce phénomène est identifié en raison de l'accroissement de l'effet de « pré-bond » avec la classe calculée. Le phénomène opposé, l'effet de rebond, tend à se produire dans les logements à basse consommation d'énergie, dans lesquels les occupants ont une consommation supérieure à la classe. Un phénomène similaire a été reconnu dans des études récentes néerlandaises, belges, françaises et britanniques, suggérant des implications en termes de politiques dans deux directions. En premier lieu, l'utilisation de la classe énergétique d'un logement pour prévoir les économies de combustible et de CO2 pouvant être obtenues grâce à des rénovations a tendance à surestimer les économies, à sous-estimer le délai d'amortissement et éventuellement à dissuader d'effectuer des améliorations incrémentielles rentables. En second lieu, les économies potentielles de combustible et de CO2 pouvant être obtenues par des mesures non techniques telles que le comportement des occupants peuvent se révéler être bien plus importantes que cela n'est supposé en règle générale dans les politiques, de sorte que les décideurs ont besoin de mieux comprendre ce qui motive ou empêche les décisions des occupants. Mots clés: performance des bâtiments, rénovations thermiques, politique climatique, classe énergétique, politique énergétique, comportement de consommation énergétique
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Cites
New Environmental Theories: Toward a Coherent Theory of Environmentally Significant Behavior
Stern, P. C. (2000) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00175 · Cited by 8,682
The rebound effect: Microeconomic definitions, limitations and extensions
Sorrell, S., & Dimitropoulos, J. (2008) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.08.013 · Cited by 889
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Marginal costs and co-benefits of energy efficiency investments
Jakob, M. (2006) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2004.08.039 · Cited by 285
The rebound effect for space heating Empirical evidence from Austria
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Occupants' behaviour: determinants and effects on residential heating consumption
Guerra-Santin, O., & Itard, L. (2010) · Building Research & Information · doi:10.1080/09613211003661074 · Cited by 272
Underlying trends and seasonality in UK energy demand: a sectoral analysis
Hunt, L. C., Judge, G., & Ninomiya, Y. (2003) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/s0140-9883(02)00072-5 · Cited by 212
The macro-economic rebound effect and the UK economy
Barker, T., Ekins, P., & Foxon, T. (2007) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2007.04.009 · Cited by 211
Comparing European residential building stocks: performance, renovation and policy opportunities
Meijer, F., Itard, L., & Sunikka-Blank, M. (2009) · Building Research & Information · doi:10.1080/09613210903189376 · Cited by 203
Self-citation
Cited by
Rethinking the role of occupant behavior in building energy performance: A review
Zhang, Y., Bai, X., Mills, F. P., & Pezzey, J. C. V. (2018) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.05.017 · Cited by 473
Drivers of diversity in human thermal perception – A review for holistic comfort models
Schweiker, M., Huebner, G. M., Kingma, B. R. M., Kramer, R., & Pallubinsky, H. (2018) · Temperature · doi:10.1080/23328940.2018.1534490 · Cited by 231
Retention not demolition: how heritage thinking can inform carbon reduction
Baker, H., Moncaster, A., Remøy, H., & Wilkinson, S. (2021) · Journal of Architectural Conservation · doi:10.1080/13556207.2021.1948239 · Cited by 45
The “energy rebound effect” within the framework of environmental sustainability
Özsoy, T. (2024) · WIREs Energy and Environment · doi:10.1002/wene.517 · Cited by 34
Metadata
- Authors
- Sunikka-Blank, M., & Galvin, R.
- Venue
- Building Research & Information
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2012-06
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 260-273
- ISSN
- 0961-3218 (ISSN-L)
- 1466-4321
- OpenAlex
- W2128911308
- Cited by
- 629
- References
- 19
- FWCI
- 11.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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