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Returns to investment in education: a further update

Psacharopoulos, George, Patrinos *, Harry Anthony·2004·Education Economics

Abstract

Returns to investment in education based on human capital theory have been estimated since the late 1950s. In the 40‐plus year history of estimates of returns to investment in education, there have been several reviews of the empirical results in attempts to establish patterns. Many more estimates from a wide variety of countries, including over‐time evidence, and estimates based on new econometric techniques, reaffirm the importance of human capital theory. This paper reviews and presents the latest estimates and patterns as found in the literature at the turn of the century. However, because the availability of rate of return estimates has grown exponentially, we include a new section on the need for selectivity in comparing returns to investment in education and establishing related patterns.

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Metadata

Authors
Psacharopoulos, G., & Patrinos *, H. A.
Venue
Education Economics
Published
2004-08-01
Volume
12
Issue
2
Pages
111-134
ISSN
  • 0964-5292 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-5782
OpenAlex
W2146607332
Cited by
2,050
References
3
FWCI
134.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Returns to investment in education: a further update. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/0964529042000239140
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Psacharopoulos, G., & Patrinos *, H. A. (2004). Returns to investment in education: a further update. Education Economics. https://doi.org/10.1080/0964529042000239140

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Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.