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E-cigarette vaping associated acute lung injury (EVALI): state of science and future research needs
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"E-Cigarette (e-cig) Vaping-Associated Acute Lung Injury" (EVALI) has been linked to vitamin-E-acetate (VEA) and Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), due to their presence in patients' e-cigs and biological samples. Lacking standardized methodologies for patients' data collection and comprehensive physicochemical/toxicological studies using real-world-vapor exposures, very little data are available, thus the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of EVALI is still unknown. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and critical appraisal of existing literature on clinical/epidemiological features and physicochemical-toxicological characterization of vaping emissions associated with EVALI. The literature review of 161 medical case reports revealed that the predominant demographic pattern was healthy white male, adolescent, or young adult, vaping illicit/informal THC-containing e-cigs. The main histopathologic pattern consisted of diffuse alveolar damage with bilateral ground-glass-opacities at chest radiograph/CT, and increased number of macrophages or neutrophils and foamy-macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage. The chemical analysis of THC/VEA e-cig vapors showed a chemical difference between THC/VEA and the single THC or VEA. The chemical characterization of vapors from counterfeit THC-based e-cigs or in-house-prepared e-liquids using either cannabidiol (CBD), VEA, or medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), identified many toxicants, such as carbonyls, volatile organic compounds, terpenes, silicon compounds, hydrocarbons, heavy metals, pesticides and various industrial/manufacturing/automotive-related chemicals. There is very scarce published toxicological data on emissions from THC/VEA e-liquids. However, CBD, MCT, and VEA emissions exert varying degrees of cytotoxicity, inflammation, and lung damage, depending on puffing topography and cell line. Major knowledge gaps were identified, including the need for more systematic-standardized epidemiological surveys, comprehensive physicochemical characterization of real-world e-cig emissions, and mechanistic studies linking emission properties to specific toxicological outcomes.
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“THC vaping has been associated with pulmonary injury due to the contaminants in electronic cigarettes and vaping pens (e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury or EVALI) [66].”
From Cannabis, cannabinoids and health: a review of evidence on risks and medical benefits (2025) · cites this paper as [66]
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“In addition to vaping, patients reported using combustible marijuana, combustible tobacco, or both (Ghinai et al. 2019; Layden et al. 2020; Lewis et al. 2019; Adkins et al. 2020) (Supplemental Table S1).”
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BackgroundVitamin E Acetate in Bronchoalveolar-Lavage Fluid Associated with EVALI
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“In addition, in a small percentage of cases, nicotine has also been linked to EVALI (Blount et al. 2020).”
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“Previous studies have already identified the presence of ROS in conventional tobacco smoke and nicotine e-cig emissions (Goel et al. 2015; Lerner et al. 2015; Tierney et al. 2016; Zhao, Zhang, et al. 2018; Son et al. 2019), and their role as mediators both in vivo and in vitro of oxidative stress, cell death, DNA dama…”
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BackgroundElectronic cigarettes disrupt lung lipid homeostasis and innate immunity independent of nicotine
Madison, M. C., Landers, C. T., Gu, B., Chang, C., Tung, H.-Y., You, R., Hong, M. J., Baghaei, N., Song, L., Porter, P., et al. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci128531 · Cited by 417 · cited 3×
“Yet, since lipid-laden macrophages were characterized in mice exposed to e-cig vapors generated from PG and VG regardless of the presence of nicotine or VEA as a result of the alteration of lipid homeostasis (Madison et al. 2019), as well as in lungs of individuals exposed to other chemicals and healthy smokers (Maddo…”
BackgroundThe Role of Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS
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“%) purchased Fibrotic features Kalininskiy et al. 2019; Khan et al. 2021; Roman et al. 2021; Singh 2022 Pneumo-thorax Butt et al. 2019; Triantafyllou et al. 2019; Ali et al. 2020; Gutsche et al. 2020; Panse et al. 2020; Ronald et al. 2020; Khan et al. 2021; Munagala et al. 2021; Reddy et al. 2021; Tanz et al. 2021 Pne…”
BackgroundInfluentialKrishnasamy, V. P., Hallowell, B. D., Ko, J. Y., Amy Board, Hartnett, K. P., Salvatore, P. P., Danielson, M. L., Kite-Powell, A., Twentyman, E., Kim, L., et al. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6903e2 · Cited by 300 · cited 8×
“Besides the prompt law enforcement response to the illicit products, and the elimination of VEA from vaping products (FDA 2019; Krishnasamy et al. 2020), which helped to dampen the EVALI outbreak, to date, no other measure has been taken to prevent future outbreaks.”
BackgroundInfluentialYu, V., Rahimy, M., Korrapati, A., Xuan, Y., Zou, A. E., Krishnan, A. R., Tsui, T., Aguilera, J. A., Advani, S. J., Alexander, L. E. C., et al. (2015) · Oral Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.10.018 · Cited by 265 · cited 2×
“…2018; Son et al. 2019), and their role as mediators both in vivo and in vitro of oxidative stress, cell death, DNA damage, and lung inflammation, underlying also the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer (Anderson et al. 2016; Yu et al. 2016; Rouabhia et al. 2017).”
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Identification of toxicants in cinnamon-flavored electronic cigarette refill fluids
Behar, R. Z., Davis, B. A., Wang, Y., Bahl, V., Lin, S., & Talbot, P. (2013) · Toxicology in Vitro · doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2013.10.006 · Cited by 256 · cited 2×
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BackgroundFlavored e-cigarette liquids and cinnamaldehyde impair respiratory innate immune cell function
Clapp, P. W., Pawlak, E. A., Lackey, J. T., Keating, J. E., Reeber, S. L., Glish, G. L., & Jaspers, I. (2017) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.00452.2016 · Cited by 248
An Unexpected Consequence of Electronic Cigarette Use
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“…of lipid-laden macrophages in the alveolar or interstitial spaces of vaping patients was first noted in a case of acute lung injury in 2012 (McCauley et al. 2012), and subsequently, it was commonly detected in the BAL of EVALI patients, which initially misguided the physicians toward the…”
BackgroundHospitalizations and Deaths Associated with EVALI
Werner, A. K., Koumans, E. H. A., Chatham‐Stephens, K., Salvatore, P. P., Armatas, C., Byers, P., Clark, C. R., Ghinai, I., Holzbauer, S., Navarette, K. A., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1915314 · Cited by 227 · cited 8×
“…Singh et al. 2020; Smith et al. 2020; Stephens et al. 2020; Temas and Meyer 2020; Thakrar et al. 2020; Villeneuve et al. 2020; Wang et al. 2020; Werner et al. 2020; Wolf and Richards 2020; Works and Stack 2020; Zou et al. 2020; Ayoub et al. 2021; Cruz-Vidal et al. 2021; Ganne et al. 2021;…”
BackgroundInfluentialPulmonary Lipid-Laden Macrophages and Vaping
Maddock, S. D., Cirulis, M. M., Callahan, S. J., Keenan, L. M., Pirozzi, C. S., Raman, S. M., & Aberegg, S. K. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc1912038 · Cited by 225 · cited 12×
“…protein CRP >10mg/l Procalcitonin >0.07 ng/ml LDH >280 U/L Pro-BNP >125 pg/mL Aokage et al. 2019; Blagev et al. 2019; Kalininskiy et al. 2019; Maddock et al. 2019; Triantafyllou et al. 2019; Wilhite et al. 2019; Abeles et al. 2020; Aberegg, Cirulis, et al. 2020; Al-Abdouh et al. 2020;…”
BackgroundInfluentialThe pulmonary physician in critical care * 6: The pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS
Bellingan, G. J. (2002) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thorax.57.6.540 · Cited by 222 · cited 1×
“…and reaction against a foreign body or pathogenic factors at early stages (Higgins et al. 2008) and in the resolution of inflammation, regulation of fibro-proliferative response, and wound healing in the late stage of disease (Bellingan 2002; Gordon 2003; Huang et al. 2018; Matsumoto et al. 2022).”
BackgroundOmaiye, E. E., McWhirter, K. J., Luo, W., Pankow, J. F., & Talbot, P. (2019) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00381 · Cited by 217
Blount, B. C., Karwowski, M. P., Morel-Espinosa, M., Rees, J., Sosnoff, C. S., Cowan, E. A., Gardner, M. S., Wang, L., Valentín-Blasini, L., Silva, L., et al. (2019) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6845e2 · Cited by 209 · cited 5×
“…to detect THC, VEA, and nicotine (82, 96, and 54% of samples, respectively), even when any THC use was denied, as well as other chemicals probably related to EVALI, such as cannabinoid oils, coconut oil, and terpenes, such as limonene (Blount et al. 2019; Taylor et al. 2019; Blount et al. 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialVaping-Induced Acute Lung Injury
Christiani, D. C. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejme1912032 · Cited by 196
Self-citationDavidson, K. R., Brancato, A., Heetderks, P., Mansour, W., Matheis, E., Nario, M., Rajagopalan, S., Underhill, B. K., Wininger, J., & Fox, D. K. (2019) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6836e1 · Cited by 186 · cited 6×
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“In addition to vaping, patients reported using combustible marijuana, combustible tobacco, or both (Ghinai et al. 2019; Layden et al. 2020; Lewis et al. 2019; Adkins et al. 2020) (Supplemental Table S1).”
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“…2018; Son et al. 2019), and their role as mediators both in vivo and in vitro of oxidative stress, cell death, DNA damage, and lung inflammation, underlying also the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer (Anderson et al. 2016; Yu et al. 2016; Rouabhia et al. 2017).”
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“…nicotine poisoning (Hua and Talbot 2016; Jonas and Raj 2020), and effects on the respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems (Hureaux et al. 2014; Thota and Latham 2014; Atkins and Drescher 2015; Modi et al. 2015; Moore et al. 2015; Darnell and Sofi 2016; Ring Madsen et al. 2016).”
BackgroundAn Animal Model of Inhaled Vitamin E Acetate and EVALI-like Lung Injury
Bhat, T. A., Kalathil, S. G., Bogner, P. N., Blount, B. C., Goniewicz, M. L., & Thanavala, Y. M. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc2000231 · Cited by 155 · cited 12×
“…Lucas, et al. 2020a; Matsumoto et al. 2022) or in vitro (human bronchial epithelial cells, human monocytes, human lung fibroblasts cells, human primary AT-II cells) (Muthumalage and Rahman 2019; Bhat et al. 2020; Jiang et al. 2020; Matsumoto et al. 2020; Muthumalage, Lucas, et al. 2020a).”
BackgroundInfluentialIdentification of Cytotoxic Flavor Chemicals in Top-Selling Electronic Cigarette Refill Fluids
Hua, M., Omaiye, E. E., Luo, W., McWhirter, K. J., Pankow, J. F., & Talbot, P. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-38978-w · Cited by 149
Potential health effects of electronic cigarettes: A systematic review of case reports
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BackgroundReversibly pH-responsive gold nanoparticles and their applications for photothermal cancer therapy
Park, S., Lee, W. J., Park, S., Choi, D., Kim, S., & Park, N. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-56754-8 · Cited by 138
Potential for Release of Pulmonary Toxic Ketene from Vaping Pyrolysis of Vitamin E Acetate
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“Indeed, the chemical analysis of VEA and VE vaping emissions under real-world vaping conditions did not identify the presence of ketene (Mikheev et al. 2020; Wu and O’Shea 2020; Mikheev and Ivanov 2022).”
BackgroundInfluentialLung Biopsy Findings in Severe Pulmonary Illness Associated With E-Cigarette Use (Vaping)
Mukhopadhyay, S., Mehrad, M., Dammert, P., Arrossi, A. V., Sarda, R., Brenner, D. S., Maldonado, F., Choi, H., & Ghobrial, M. (2019) · American Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1093/ajcp/aqz182 · Cited by 136
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“The detection of ROS in MCT, VEA, and CBD e-cig vapors has also been demonstrated (Muthumalage and Rahman 2019; Muthumalage, Lucas, et al. 2020a; Marrocco et al. 2022).”
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“…et al. 2019; Chatham-Stephens et al. 2019; Gaub et al. 2019; Ghinai et al. 2019; Kalininskiy et al. 2019; Lewis et al. 2019; Lozier et al. 2019; Moritz et al. 2019; Navon et al. 2019; Perrine et al. 2019; Aberegg, Cirulis, et al. 2020; Adkins et al. 2020; Artunduaga et al. 2020; Blount et al.…”
BackgroundInfluentialHighly Reactive Free Radicals in Electronic Cigarette Aerosols
Goel, R., Durand, E., Trushin, N., Prokopczyk, B., Foulds, J., Elias, R. J., & Richie, J. P. (2015) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00220 · Cited by 126 · cited 2×
“Previous studies have already identified the presence of ROS in conventional tobacco smoke and nicotine e-cig emissions (Goel et al. 2015; Lerner et al. 2015; Tierney et al. 2016; Zhao, Zhang, et al. 2018; Son et al. 2019), and their role as mediators both in vivo and in vitro of oxidative stress, cell death, DNA dama…”
BackgroundLife-threatening bronchiolitis related to electronic cigarette use in a Canadian youth
Landman, S. T., Dhaliwal, I., Mackenzie, C. A., Martinu, T., Steel, A. C., & Bosma, K. J. (2019) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.191402 · Cited by 120 · cited 10×
“…PaCO2< 35mmHg. Normal range BGA: pH 7.35–7.45, pCO2 35–45mmHg, pO2 80–100mmHg, and HCO3 22–26mMol/L. Alqahtani et al. 2019; Anderson and Zechar 2019; Landman et al. 2019; Salzman et al. 2019; Sharma et al. 2019; Acharya et al. 2020; Aldy et al. 2020; Ali et al. 2020; Casanova et al. 2020;…”
BackgroundInfluentialNavon, L., Jones, C. M., Ghinai, I., King, B. A., Briss, P. A., Hacker, K. A., & Layden, J. E. (2019) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6845e1 · Cited by 119 · cited 30×
“In addition to vaping, patients reported using combustible marijuana, combustible tobacco, or both (Ghinai et al. 2019; Layden et al. 2020; Lewis et al. 2019; Adkins et al. 2020) (Supplemental Table S1).”
BackgroundInfluentialTaylor, J., Wiens, T., Peterson, J., Saravia, S. A., Lunda, M., Hanson, K. B., Wogen, M. T., D’Heilly, P., Margetta, J., Bye, M., et al. (2019) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6847e1 · Cited by 118 · cited 7×
“…times/week, 6% (n¼ 164/2727) a few times per month, and 16% (n¼ 427/2727) monthly or less (Figure 2(C)) (Blagev et al. 2019; Gaub et al. 2019; Ghinai et al. 2019; Lewis et al. 2019; Navon et al. 2019; Taylor et al. 2019; Adkins et al. 2020; Ellington et al. 2020; Pray et al. 2020; Rao et al. 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialLozier, M., Wallace, B., Anderson, K. N., Ellington, S., Jones, C. M., Rose, D. A., Baldwin, G. T., King, B. A., Briss, P. A., Mikosz, C. A., et al. (2019) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6849e1 · Cited by 110 · cited 7×
“…and CBD) in e-cigs (Blagev et al. 2019; Chatham-Stephens et al. 2019; Gaub et al. 2019; Ghinai et al. 2019; Layden et al. 2020; Lewis et al. 2019; Lozier et al. 2019; Moritz et al. 2019; Navon et al. 2019; Perrine et al. 2019; Taylor et al. 2019; Adkins et al. 2020; Chidambaram et al. 2020;…”
BackgroundInfluentialZhao, J., Zhang, Y., Sisler, J. D., Shaffer, J., Leonard, S. S., Morris, A. M., Qian, Y. R., Bello, D., & Demokritou, P. (2017) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.10.057 · Cited by 108
Self-citationDuffy, B. C., Li, L., Lu, S., Durocher, L. A., Dittmar, M. A., Delaney-Baldwin, E. R., Panawennage, D., LeMaster, D. M., Navarette, K. A., & Spink, D. C. (2020) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics8010008 · Cited by 108 · cited 8×
“Duffy et al. (2020) Analyses of 38 samples from the first 10 New York cases of EVALI GC-MS Untargeted Analysis LC-HRMS/MS Untargeted Analysis VEA contained in 23/38 samples, concentration range 16–57% MCT present in 14/38 cartridges, concentration 2–24% Synthetic cannabinoids and opioids not…”
BackgroundInfluentialPark, H., O’Sullivan, M. J., Vallarino, J., Shumyatcher, M., Himes, B. E., Park, J., Christiani, D. C., Allen, J. G., & Lu, Q. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37913-9 · Cited by 107 · cited 1×
“…number of ciliated cells, downregulation of new protein synthesis, and upregulation of inflammatory response, in normal human bronchial epithelial cells treated with nicotine e-cigs vapors which can ultimately impair the immune response against foreign bodies and pathogens (Park et al. 2019, 2021).”
BackgroundSelf-citationEllington, S., Salvatore, P. P., Ko, J. Y., Danielson, M. L., Kim, L., Cyrus, A. C., Wallace, M. M., Amy Board, Krishnasamy, V. P., King, B. A., et al. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6902e2 · Cited by 106
Tommasi, S., Caliri, A. W., Caceres, A., Moreno, D. E., Li, M., Chen, Y., Siegmund, K. D., & Nia, A. B. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20030738 · Cited by 104 · cited 1×
“…on the effect of nicotine e-cigs vapors on gene expression and subsequent molecular pathways of vapers’ oral epithelium have shown a significant number of aberrantly expressed transcripts, mostly related to regulatory noncoding RNAs associated with the development of cancer (Tommasi et al. 2019).”
BackgroundMeasurement of heating coil temperature for e-cigarettes with a “top-coil” clearomizer
Chen, W., Wang, P., Ito, K., Fowles, J. R., Shusterman, D. J., Jaques, P. A., & Kumagai, K. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195925 · Cited by 102 · cited 1×
“…(1) the difference between the VEA boiling point 220 C, and the temperature at which e-cigs typically operate, 170 C, in a wet-throughwick condition (Chen et al. 2018; Dibaji et al. 2018); (2) the high power (30 or 50W—11.0 or 15.5 A, respectively) (Wu and O’Shea 2020) or high temperature…”
BackgroundInfluentialAcute eosinophilic pneumonia following electronic cigarette use
Arter, Z., Wiggins, A., Hudspath, C. B., Kisling, A. J., Hostler, D. C., & Hostler, J. (2019) · Respiratory Medicine Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.rmcr.2019.100825 · Cited by 102 · cited 11×
“…Meyer 2020; Villeneuve et al. 2020; Ahmed et al. 2021; Ismail et al. 2021; Krishnan et al. 2021 Bacteria virus fungi negative Alqahtani et al. 2019; Arter et al. 2019; Blagev et al. 2019; Kalininskiy et al. 2019; Landman et al. 2019; Maddock et al. 2019; Sharma et al. 2019; Abeles et al. 2020;…”
BackgroundInfluentialVaping-associated Acute Lung Injury: A Case Series
Triantafyllou, G. A., Tiberio, P. J., Zou, R. H., Lamberty, P. E., Lynch, M. J., Kreit, J. W., Gladwin, M. T., Morris, A. M., & Chiarchiaro, J. (2019) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201909-1809le · Cited by 100 · cited 12×
“%) purchased Fibrotic features Kalininskiy et al. 2019; Khan et al. 2021; Roman et al. 2021; Singh 2022 Pneumo-thorax Butt et al. 2019; Triantafyllou et al. 2019; Ali et al. 2020; Gutsche et al. 2020; Panse et al. 2020; Ronald et al. 2020; Khan et al. 2021; Munagala et al. 2021; Reddy et al. 2021; Tanz et al. 2021 Pne…”
BackgroundInfluentialMikosz, C. A., Danielson, M. L., Anderson, K. N., Pollack, L. A., Currie, D. W., Njai, R. S., Evans, M. E., Goodman, A. B., Twentyman, E., Wiltz, J. L., et al. (2019) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm685152e1 · Cited by 97 · cited 8×
“…et al. 2020; Doukas et al. 2020; Ellington et al. 2020; Ghinai et al. 2020; Heinzerling et al. 2020; Krishnasamy et al. 2020; Layden et al. 2020; Mikosz et al. 2020; Rao et al. 2020; Reagan-Steiner et al. 2020; Kligerman et al. 2021; Sangani et al. 2021; Tanz et al. 2021; Podguski et al. 2022;…”
BackgroundInfluentialChatham-Stephens, K., Roguski, K., Jang, Y., Cho, P., Jatlaoui, T. C., Kabbani, S., Glidden, E., Ussery, E. N., Trivers, K. F., Evans, M. E., et al. (2019) · MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6846e1 · Cited by 93 · cited 7×
“…adolescent or young adult, predominantly vaping THC and vitamin E acetate (VEA) containing ecigs, obtained from illicit sources (Blagev et al. 2019; Chatham-Stephens et al. 2019; Gaub et al. 2019; Ghinai et al. 2019; Kalininskiy et al. 2019; Lewis et al. 2019; Lozier et al. 2019; Moritz et al.…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialJensen, S. K., Engberg, R. M., & Hedemann, M. S. (1999) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/129.7.1355 · Cited by 92 · cited 1×
“…to the presence of VEA, such as the longer residence of un-hydrolyzed VEA in the lung airspace, due to the absence of pancreatic carboxyl ester hydrolase and cholesteryl ester hydrolase (Hybertson et al. 1998; Jensen et al. 1999; Hybertson et al. 2005; Desmarchelier et al. 2013; Lee 2020).”
BackgroundCharacterization of the toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents
McKee, R. H., Adenuga, D., & Carrillo, J.-C. (2015) · Critical Reviews in Toxicology · doi:10.3109/10408444.2015.1016216 · Cited by 90 · cited 2×
“…chemicals can also physically interact with phospholipids and surfactants, inducing chemical pneumonitis, and interstitial and alveolar alterations, such as alveolar-capillary membranes dysfunction, pulmonary edema, and surfactant alteration, representative of acute lung injury (McKee et al. 2015).”
BackgroundGhinai, I., Pray, I. W., Navon, L., O’Laughlin, K., Saathoff-Huber, L., Hoots, B., Kimball, A. A., Tenforde, M. W., Chevinsky, J., Layer, M. R., et al. (2019) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6839e2 · Cited by 89 · cited 35×
“In addition to vaping, patients reported using combustible marijuana, combustible tobacco, or both (Ghinai et al. 2019; Layden et al. 2020; Lewis et al. 2019; Adkins et al. 2020) (Supplemental Table S1).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSon, Y., Mishin, V. M., Laskin, J. D., Mainelis, G., Wackowski, O. A., Delnevo, C. D., Schwander, S., Khlystov, A. Y., Samburova, V., & Meng, Q. (2019) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00400 · Cited by 86 · cited 2×
“…ROS in conventional tobacco smoke and nicotine e-cig emissions (Goel et al. 2015; Lerner et al. 2015; Tierney et al. 2016; Zhao, Zhang, et al. 2018; Son et al. 2019), and their role as mediators both in vivo and in vitro of oxidative stress, cell death, DNA damage, and lung inflammation,…”
BackgroundE-Cigarette Chemistry and Analytical Detection
Strongin, R. M. (2019) · Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-115329 · Cited by 83 · cited 1×
“…and the complex chemistry of the emissions is well-documented (Margham et al. 2016; Zhao et al. 2016; Pourchez et al. 2018; Zhao, Nelson, et al. 2018; Zhao, Zhang, et al. 2018; El-Hellani et al. 2019; Erythropel et al. 2019; Omaiye et al. 2019; Strongin 2019; Jiang et al. 2020; Nicol et al. 2020).”
BackgroundChemical Constituents Involved in E-Cigarette, or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI)
Muthumalage, T., Friedman, M. R., McGraw, M., Ginsberg, G., Friedman, A. E., & Rahman, I. (2020) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics8020025 · Cited by 82
Drug vaping applied to cannabis: Is “Cannavaping” a therapeutic alternative to marijuana?
Varlet, V., Concha‐Lozano, N., Berthet, A., Plateel, G., Favrat, B., Cesare, M. D., Lauer, E., Augsburger, M. P., Thomas, A., & Giroud, C. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep25599 · Cited by 80 · cited 1×
“…such as n-butane, a gaseous petroleum compound used in the illicit cartridge to increase the amount of THC released and retained in the lung (Varlet et al. 2016; Muthumalage, Friedman, et al. 2020; Ahmed et al. 2021), could be accounted for the atypical/eosinophilic pneumonia, acute lung…”
BackgroundVaping-Related Acute Parenchymal Lung Injury
Jonas, A. M., & Raj, R. (2020) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.085 · Cited by 80 · cited 1×
“…short- and long-term health effects associated with e-cigs and vaping, including mechanical injury, nicotine poisoning (Hua and Talbot 2016; Jonas and Raj 2020), and effects on the respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems (Hureaux et al. 2014; Thota and Latham 2014; Atkins…”
BackgroundChadi, N., Li, G., Cerda, N., & Weitzman, E. R. (2019) · Journal of Addiction Medicine · doi:10.1097/adm.0000000000000506 · Cited by 77 · cited 1×
“…increase of e-cigs and/or cannabis use and mental disorders, such as depressive symptoms and suicidality in the young population, emphasizing the need for screening, prevention, and intervention strategies to help mitigate both substance abuse and mental health outcomes (Chadi et al. 2019).”
BackgroundRouabhia, M., Park, H. J., Semlali, A., Zakrzewski, A., Chmielewski, W., & Chakir, J. (2016) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.25677 · Cited by 74 · cited 1×
“2019), and their role as mediators both in vivo and in vitro of oxidative stress, cell death, DNA damage, and lung inflammation, underlying also the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer (Anderson et al. 2016; Yu et al. 2016; Rouabhia et al. 2017).”
BackgroundZhao, J., Nelson, J. R., Dada, O. M., Pyrgiotakis, G., Kavouras, I. G., & Demokritou, P. (2018) · Inhalation Toxicology · doi:10.1080/08958378.2018.1450462 · Cited by 74
Self-citationHiggins, D. M., Sánchez-Campillo, J., Rosas-Taraco, A. G., Higgins, J. R., Lee, E. J., Orme, I. M., & Juarrero, M. G. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.180.7.4892 · Cited by 71 · cited 1×
“…interstitial macrophages is crucial both in the recognition, activation, and reaction against a foreign body or pathogenic factors at early stages (Higgins et al. 2008) and in the resolution of inflammation, regulation of fibro-proliferative response, and wound healing in the late stage of…”
BackgroundDose-Dependent Pulmonary Toxicity of Aerosolized Vitamin E Acetate
Matsumoto, S., Fang, X., Traber, M. G., Jones, K. D., Langelier, C., Serpa, P. H., Calfee, C. S., Matthay, M. A., & Gotts, J. E. (2020) · American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1165/rcmb.2020-0209oc · Cited by 70 · cited 5×
“…VEA, as either e-liquids or vapors, either in vivo (C57BL/6NCr mice) (Bhat et al. 2020; Matsumoto et al. 2020; Muthumalage, Lucas, et al. 2020a; Matsumoto et al. 2022) or in vitro (human bronchial epithelial cells, human monocytes, human lung fibroblasts cells, human primary AT-II cells)…”
BackgroundInfluentialLewis, N. M., McCaffrey, K., Sage, K., Cheng, C.-J., Green, J. J., Goldstein, L. A., Campbell, H., Ferrell, D., Malan, N., LaCross, N. C., et al. (2019) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6842e1 · Cited by 68 · cited 35×
“In addition to vaping, patients reported using combustible marijuana, combustible tobacco, or both (Ghinai et al. 2019; Layden et al. 2020; Lewis et al. 2019; Adkins et al. 2020) (Supplemental Table S1).”
BackgroundInfluentialAdkins, S. H., Anderson, K. N., Goodman, A. B., Twentyman, E., Danielson, M. L., Kimball, A. A., Click, E. S., Ko, J. Y., Evans, M. E., Weissman, D. N., et al. (2020) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0756 · Cited by 68 · cited 11×
“In addition to vaping, patients reported using combustible marijuana, combustible tobacco, or both (Ghinai et al. 2019; Layden et al. 2020; Lewis et al. 2019; Adkins et al. 2020) (Supplemental Table S1).”
BackgroundInfluentialLessons from the public health responses to the US outbreak of vaping‐related lung injury
Hall, W., Gartner, C., & Bonevski, B. (2021) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15108 · Cited by 66
Clinical Features of E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use–Associated Lung Injury in Teenagers
Rao, D., Maple, K. L., Dettori, A., Afolabi, F., Francis, J., Artunduaga, M., Lieu, T. J., Aldy, K., Cao, D. J., Hsu, S. C., et al. (2020) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2019-4104 · Cited by 63 · cited 28×
“…times/week, 6% (n¼ 164/2727) a few times per month, and 16% (n¼ 427/2727) monthly or less (Figure 2(C)) (Blagev et al. 2019; Gaub et al. 2019; Ghinai et al. 2019; Lewis et al. 2019; Navon et al. 2019; Taylor et al. 2019; Adkins et al. 2020; Ellington et al. 2020; Pray et al. 2020; Rao et al. 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialAberegg, S. K., Cirulis, M. M., Maddock, S. D., Freeman, A., Keenan, L. M., Pirozzi, C. S., Raman, S. M., Schroeder, J., Mann, H., & Callahan, S. J. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19176 · Cited by 62
CT Findings and Patterns of e-Cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury
Kligerman, S. J., Kay, F. U., Raptis, C. A., Henry, T. S., Sechrist, J. W., Walker, C. M., Vargas, D., Filev, P. D., Chung, M., Digumarthy, S. R., et al. (2021) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2021.04.054 · Cited by 61 · cited 9×
“…et al. 2020; Panse et al. 2020; Temas and Meyer 2020; Thakrar et al. 2020; Wang et al. 2020; Ayoub et al. 2021; Ismail et al. 2021; Khan et al. 2021; Kligerman et al. 2021; Kupelian et al. 2021; Lilley et al. 2021; Reddy et al. 2021; Tanz et al. 2021; Vilanilam et al. 2021; Helfgott et al. 2022…”
BackgroundInfluentialThakrar, P. D., Boyd, K. P., Swanson, C. P., Wideburg, E., & Kumbhar, S. S. (2020) · Pediatric Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00247-019-04572-5 · Cited by 60 · cited 15×
“…2020; Rao et al. 2020; Rodriguez et al. 2020; Sacci et al. 2020; Sakla et al. 2020; Singh et al. 2020; Stephens et al. 2020; Temas and Meyer 2020; Thakrar et al. 2020; Villeneuve et al. 2020; Wolf and Richards 2020; Zou et al. 2020; Krishnan et al. 2021; Adhikari, Koritala, et al. 2021; Ahmed…”
BackgroundInfluentialMuthumalage, T., Lucas, J. H., Wang, Q., Lamb, T. W., McGraw, M., & Rahman, I. (2020) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics8030046 · Cited by 57
Lipid laden macrophages and electronic cigarettes in healthy adults
Shields, P. G., Song, M., Freudenheim, J. L., Brasky, T. M., McElroy, J. P., Reisinger, S. A., Weng, D. Y., Ren, R., Eissenberg, T., Wewers, M. D., et al. (2020) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102982 · Cited by 56 · cited 6×
“This finding was later found to be not specific to EVALI, since it was detected also in the BAL of healthy adult smokers, e-cig users, and neversmokers (Shields et al. 2020), and was not always consistent with histopathological or radiological evidence of exogenous lipoid pneumonia (Butt et al.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialDesmarchelier, C., Tourniaire, F., Prévéraud, D. P., Samson-Kremser, C., Crenon, I., Rosilio, V., & Borel, P. (2013) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201200720 · Cited by 55 · cited 2×
“In the absence of strong and reliable data on the mechanism of toxicity of THC/VEA vapor, to date many hypotheses on the pathogenesis of EVALI have been proposed, mostly correlating to the presence of VEA, such as the longer residence of un-hydrolyzed VEA in the lung airspace, due to the absence of pancreatic carboxyl…”
BackgroundGuo, W., Vrdoljak, G. A., Liao, V.-C., & Moezzi, B. (2021) · Frontiers in Chemistry · doi:10.3389/fchem.2021.694905 · Cited by 55 · cited 4×
“…(CBC), cannabidiol (CBD) cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), cannabinol (CBN), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) (Ciolino, Ranieri, et al. 2021; Duffy et al. 2021; Guo et al. 2021; Lu et al. 2021).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialVaping-Associated Acute Respiratory Failure Due to Acute Lipoid Pneumonia
Dicpinigaitis, P. V., Trachuk, P., Fakier, F., Teka, M., & Suhrland, M. J. (2019) · Lung · doi:10.1007/s00408-019-00277-6 · Cited by 53
Ghinai, I., Navon, L., Gunn, J. K. L., Duca, L. M., Brister, S., Love, S., Brink, R., Fajardo, G., Johnson, J. M., Saathoff-Huber, L., et al. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6903e1 · Cited by 53 · cited 7×
“…any documented preexisting condition (80% of 15,748 patients) (Figure 1(D)), from the records available, some patients reported suffering from “one or more” and “two or more” chronic conditions (Blagev et al. 2019; Gaub et al. 2019; Lewis et al. 2019; Ghinai et al. 2020; Mikosz et al. 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialMeehan-Atrash, J., Luo, W., McWhirter, K. J., & Strongin, R. M. (2019) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.9b02301 · Cited by 50 · cited 5×
“To date, the majority of published studies focus on the physicochemical characterization (Meehan-Atrash et al. 2019; Duffy et al. 2020; Jiang et al. 2020; Lanzarotta et al. 2020; Mikheev et al. 2020; Muthumalage, Friedman, et al. 2020; Wagner et al. 2020; Ciolino, Falconer, et al. 2021; Ciolino,…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialReagan-Steiner, S., Gary, J. M., Matkovic, E., Ritter, J. M., Shieh, W., Martines, R. B., Werner, A. K., Lynfield, R., Holzbauer, S., Bullock, H. A., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30321-0 · Cited by 50 · cited 29×
“In addition to vaping, patients reported using combustible marijuana, combustible tobacco, or both (Ghinai et al. 2019; Layden et al. 2020; Lewis et al. 2019; Adkins et al. 2020) (Supplemental Table S1).”
BackgroundInfluentialWang, L., Chen, J., Ho, S. Y., Leung, L. T., Wang, M. P., & Lam, T. H. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09422-w · Cited by 50 · cited 8×
“(Wang and Wu 2020; Wang et al. 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialFlavorant–Solvent Reaction Products and Menthol in JUUL E-Cigarettes and Aerosol
Erythropel, H. C., Davis, L. M., de Winter, T. M., Jordt, S. E., Anastas, P. T., O’Malley, S. S., Krishnan‐Sarin, S., & Zimmerman, J. B. (2019) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.04.004 · Cited by 49 · cited 2×
“The topic of physicochemical characterization of emissions from e-cigs has been widely studied since their release in the global market in 2007 and the complex chemistry of the emissions is well-documented (Margham et al. 2016; Zhao et al. 2016; Pourchez et al. 2018; Zhao, Nelson, et al. 2018; Zhao, Zhang, et al. 2018…”
BackgroundVaping Associated Lung Injury (EVALI): An Explosive United States Epidemic.
Salzman, G. A., Alqawasma, M., & Asad, H. (2019) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 49
Severe Lung Injury Associated With Use of e-Cigarette, or Vaping, Products—California, 2019
Heinzerling, A., Armatas, C., Karmarkar, E. N., Attfield, K. R., Guo, W., Wang, Y., Vrdoljak, G. A., Moezzi, B., Xu, D., Wagner, J., et al. (2020) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0664 · Cited by 49 · cited 8×
“…et al. 2020; Adkins et al. 2020; Artunduaga et al. 2020; Chidambaram et al. 2020; Doukas et al. 2020; Ellington et al. 2020; Ghinai et al. 2020; Heinzerling et al. 2020; Krishnasamy et al. 2020; Layden et al. 2020; Mikosz et al. 2020; Rao et al. 2020; Reagan-Steiner et al. 2020; Kligerman et…”
BackgroundInfluentialCarbon Monoxide and Small Hydrocarbon Emissions from Sub-ohm Electronic Cigarettes
Hellani, A. E., Al-Moussawi, S., El-Hage, R., Talih, S., Salman, R., Shihadeh, A., & Saliba, N. A. (2019) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00324 · Cited by 48 · cited 2×
“The topic of physicochemical characterization of emissions from e-cigs has been widely studied since their release in the global market in 2007 and the complex chemistry of the emissions is well-documented (Margham et al. 2016; Zhao et al. 2016; Pourchez et al. 2018; Zhao, Nelson, et al. 2018; Zhao, Zhang, et al. 2018…”
BackgroundArtunduaga, M., Rao, D., Friedman, J. R., Kwon, J. K., Pfeifer, C. M., Dettori, A., Winant, A. J., & Lee, E. Y. (2020) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2020192778 · Cited by 48 · cited 30×
“In addition to vaping, patients reported using combustible marijuana, combustible tobacco, or both (Ghinai et al. 2019; Layden et al. 2020; Lewis et al. 2019; Adkins et al. 2020) (Supplemental Table S1).”
BackgroundInfluentialA Mechanical Mechanism for Vitamin E Acetate in E-cigarette/Vaping-Associated Lung Injury
DiPasquale, M., Gbadamosi, O., Nguyen, M. H. L., Castillo, S. R., Rickeard, B. W., Kelley, E. G., Nagao, M., & Marquardt, D. (2020) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00212 · Cited by 48 · cited 4×
“2020), leading to increased surface tension (Blount et al. 2020; DiPasquale et al. 2020), impairment of alveolar-capillary function of gas exchange (DiPasquale et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialZhao, J., Pyrgiotakis, G., & Demokritou, P. (2016) · Inhalation Toxicology · doi:10.1080/08958378.2016.1246628 · Cited by 45 · cited 4×
“While to date many efforts have been made to characterize physicochemically and toxicologically the nicotine-based e-cig vapors (Williams et al. 2013; Zhao et al. 2016; Zhao, Nelson, et al. 2018; Zhao, Zhang, et al. 2018; Hwang et al. 2020; Lee and Christiani 2020), the literature regarding vapors emitted from THC/VEA…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationWhat are the mechanisms underlying vaping-induced lung injury?
Alexander, L. E. C., Bellinghausen, A. L., & Eakin, M. N. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci138644 · Cited by 44 · cited 1×
“…neutrophilic inflammation, collateral damage, or inhalation of the base ingredients of e-liquids (PG and VG) from the e-cigs vapor can alter the physiologic state of the immune system, making the lung sensitive to any other inhalants that are normally well-tolerated (Alexander et al. 2020).”
BackgroundLung injury from inhaling butane hash oil mimics pneumonia
Anderson, R. P., & Zechar, K. (2019) · Respiratory Medicine Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.rmcr.2019.01.002 · Cited by 43 · cited 10×
“Aftab et al. 2019; Alqahtani et al. 2019; Anderson and Zechar 2019; Aokage et al. 2019; Arter et al. 2019; Blagev et al. 2019; Davidson et al. 2019; Kalininskiy et al. 2019; Landman et al. 2019; Maddock et al. 2019; Salzman et al. 2019; Sharma et al. 2019; Triantafyllou et al. 2019; Wilhite et al.…”
BackgroundInfluentialAokage, T., Tsukahara, K., Fukuda, Y., Tokioka, F., Taniguchi, A., Naito, H., & Nakao, A. (2018) · Respiratory Medicine Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.12.002 · Cited by 43 · cited 8×
“Aftab et al. 2019; Alqahtani et al. 2019; Anderson and Zechar 2019; Aokage et al. 2019; Arter et al. 2019; Blagev et al. 2019; Davidson et al. 2019; Kalininskiy et al. 2019; Landman et al. 2019; Maddock et al. 2019; Salzman et al. 2019; Sharma et al. 2019; Triantafyllou et al. 2019; Wilhite et al.…”
BackgroundInfluentialJiang, H., Ahmed, C. M. S., Martin, T. J., Canchola, A., Oswald, I. W. H., Garcia, J. A., Chen, J. Y., Koby, K. A., Buchanan, A. J., Zhao, Z., et al. (2020) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00174 · Cited by 43 · cited 12×
“In particular, VEA and VE released carbonyls, long-chain alcohols, and quinonelike products (Jiang et al. 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialRadiologic and Pathologic Correlation in EVALI
Panse, P. M., Feller, F. F., Butt, Y. M., Smith, M. L., Larsen, B. T., Tazelaar, H. D., Harvin, H. J., & Gotway, M. B. (2020) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.20.22836 · Cited by 43 · cited 10×
“…nicotine-containing products, relative composition of the e-liquid Fibrinous exudates in airspaces Fathima and Zhang 2020; Mukhopadhyay et al. 2020; Panse et al. 2020; Youmans and Harwood 2020 Interstitial chronic inflammation Baumann et al. 2020; Fathima and Zhang 2020; Mukhopadhyay et al. 2020;…”
BackgroundInfluentialKleinman, M. T., Arechavala, R. J., Herman, D. A., Shi, J., Hasen, I., Ting, A., Dai, W., Carreño, J. E., Chavez, J. N., Zhao, L., et al. (2020) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.120.017368 · Cited by 42 · cited 9×
“…et al. 2020; Panse et al. 2020; Temas and Meyer 2020; Thakrar et al. 2020; Wang et al. 2020; Ayoub et al. 2021; Ismail et al. 2021; Khan et al. 2021; Kligerman et al. 2021; Kupelian et al. 2021; Lilley et al. 2021; Reddy et al. 2021; Tanz et al. 2021; Vilanilam et al. 2021; Helfgott et al. 2022…”
BackgroundInfluentialPourchez, J., Parisse, S., Sarry, G., Périnel, S., Vergnon, J., Clotagatide, A., & Prévôt, N. (2017) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786826.2017.1422857 · Cited by 39 · cited 1×
“…their release in the global market in 2007 and the complex chemistry of the emissions is well-documented (Margham et al. 2016; Zhao et al. 2016; Pourchez et al. 2018; Zhao, Nelson, et al. 2018; Zhao, Zhang, et al. 2018; El-Hellani et al. 2019; Erythropel et al. 2019; Omaiye et al. 2019;…”
BackgroundAcute Lipoid Pneumonia Secondary to E-Cigarettes Use: An Unlikely Replacement for Cigarettes
Modi, S., Sangani, R. G., & Alhajhusain, A. (2015) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.2274860 · Cited by 38 · cited 1×
“…nicotine poisoning (Hua and Talbot 2016; Jonas and Raj 2020), and effects on the respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems (Hureaux et al. 2014; Thota and Latham 2014; Atkins and Drescher 2015; Modi et al. 2015; Moore et al. 2015; Darnell and Sofi 2016; Ring Madsen et al. 2016).”
BackgroundAl‐Hamdani, M., Hopkins, D. B., Hardardottir, A., & Davidson, M. (2020) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.08.004 · Cited by 38 · cited 1×
“…Neira et al. 2020; Rao et al. 2020; Singh et al. 2020; Temas and Meyer 2020; Thakrar et al. 2020; Villeneuve et al. 2020; Works and Stack 2020; Al-Hamdani et al. 2021; Krishnan et al. 2021 Lymphocytic predominance Butt et al. 2019; Davidson et al. 2019; Sharma et al. 2019; Ali et al. 2020;…”
BackgroundA Cancer That Went Up in Smoke
Madsen, L. R., Krarup, N., Bergmann, T. K., Bærentzen, S., Neghabat, S., Duval, L., & Knudsen, S. T. (2016) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2015.09.003 · Cited by 37 · cited 1×
“…nicotine poisoning (Hua and Talbot 2016; Jonas and Raj 2020), and effects on the respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems (Hureaux et al. 2014; Thota and Latham 2014; Atkins and Drescher 2015; Modi et al. 2015; Moore et al. 2015; Darnell and Sofi 2016; Ring Madsen et al. 2016).”
BackgroundPray, I. W., Atti, S. K., Tomasallo, C. D., & Meiman, J. G. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6909a4 · Cited by 37 · cited 6×
“…times/week, 6% (n¼ 164/2727) a few times per month, and 16% (n¼ 427/2727) monthly or less (Figure 2(C)) (Blagev et al. 2019; Gaub et al. 2019; Ghinai et al. 2019; Lewis et al. 2019; Navon et al. 2019; Taylor et al. 2019; Adkins et al. 2020; Ellington et al. 2020; Pray et al. 2020; Rao et al. 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialNicol, J., Fraser, R., Walker, L., Liu, C., Murphy, J., & Proctor, C. (2020) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00442 · Cited by 37 · cited 2×
“The topic of physicochemical characterization of emissions from e-cigs has been widely studied since their release in the global market in 2007 and the complex chemistry of the emissions is well-documented (Margham et al. 2016; Zhao et al. 2016; Pourchez et al. 2018; Zhao, Nelson, et al. 2018; Zhao, Zhang, et al. 2018…”
BackgroundA case report of subacute bronchial toxicity induced by an electronic cigarette: Table 1
Hureaux, J., Drouet, M., & Urban, T. (2014) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204767 · Cited by 34 · cited 1×
“…injury, nicotine poisoning (Hua and Talbot 2016; Jonas and Raj 2020), and effects on the respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems (Hureaux et al. 2014; Thota and Latham 2014; Atkins and Drescher 2015; Modi et al. 2015; Moore et al. 2015; Darnell and Sofi 2016; Ring Madsen et al.…”
BackgroundAttfield, K. R., Chen, W., Cummings, K. J., Jacob, P., O’Shea, D. F., Wagner, J., Wang, P., & Fowles, J. R. (2020) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.202003-0654le · Cited by 34
Flavor-Toxicant Correlation in E-cigarettes: A Meta-Analysis
Salam, S., Saliba, N. A., Shihadeh, A., Eissenberg, T., & Hellani, A. E. (2020) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00247 · Cited by 34 · cited 1×
“…contribution to the vapor toxicity has been already recognized, and correlated either to the presence of toxic ingredients in the parent e-liquid, or the release of toxic chemicals after vaporization (Behar et al. 2014; Clapp et al. 2017; Hua et al. 2019; Rowell et al. 2020; Salam et al. 2020).”
BackgroundLynch, J., Lorenz, L., Brueggemeyer, J. L., Lanzarotta, A. C., Falconer, T. M., & Wilson, R. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Chemistry · doi:10.3389/fchem.2021.734793 · Cited by 34 · cited 7×
“…expected, they also measured a voltage-dependent increase of the coil temperature during vaping: from a range of 217–300 C at 3.0 V to 415–476 C at 5.0 V for the in-house prepared cartridges, to 454–510 C at 5.5 V and 548–632 C at 6 V for black-market and authentic cartridges (Lynch et al. 2021).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialGonzalez-Jimenez, N., Gray, N., Pappas, R. S., Halstead, M., Lewis, E., Valentín-Blasini, L., Watson, C. H., & Blount, B. C. (2021) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics9100240 · Cited by 34 · cited 4×
“), and elements, such as Si, Cu, Ni, and Pb (Muthumalage, Friedman, et al. 2020; Gonzalez-Jimenez et al. 2021; McGuigan et al. 2022) (Table 5).”
BackgroundInfluentialAn imported case of e-cigarette or vaping associated lung injury in Barcelona
Casanova, G., Amaro, R., Soler, N., Sánchez, M., Badia, J. R., Barberà, J. A., & Agustí, A. G. N. (2019) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.02076-2019 · Cited by 33
Carroll, B. J., Kim, M., Hemyari, A., Thakrar, P. D., Kump, T., Wade, T. J., Vela, G. D., Hall, J. M., Diaz, C. D., & D’Andrea, L. A. (2020) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.24787 · Cited by 33 · cited 14×
“…al. 2020; Ahmad et al. 2020; Al-Abdouh et al. 2020; Aldy et al. 2020; Ali et al. 2020; Alzghoul et al. 2020; Baumann et al. 2020; Baxter et al. 2020; Carroll et al. 2020; Casanova et al. 2020; Chapman et al. 2020; Chawla and Weiler 2020; Chen et al. 2020; Chidambaram et al. 2020; Choe et al.…”
BackgroundInfluentialCannabinoid Oil Vaping-Associated Lung Injury and its Radiographic Appearance
Conuel, E. J., Chieng, H., Fantauzzi, J. P., Pokhrel, K., Goldman, C., Smith, T. C., Tiwari, A., Chopra, A., & Judson, M. A. (2019) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.10.032 · Cited by 32 · cited 6×
“…et al. 2020; Alzghoul et al. 2020; Carroll et al. 2020; Casanova et al. 2020; Chidambaram et al. 2020; Choe et al. 2020; Colesar and McCollum 2020; Conuel et al. 2020; Derespina et al. 2020; Dicpinigaitis et al. 2020; Freathy et al. 2020; Galo et al. 2020; Gay et al. 2020; Girvin and Naidich…”
BackgroundInfluentialEVALI Vaping Liquids Part 1: GC-MS Cannabinoids Profiles and Identification of Unnatural THC Isomers
Ciolino, L. A., Ranieri, T. L., Brueggemeyer, J. L., Taylor, A. M., & Mohrhaus, A. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Chemistry · doi:10.3389/fchem.2021.746479 · Cited by 32
Flavored e-liquids increase cytoplasmic Ca 2+ levels in airway epithelia
Rowell, T. R., Keating, J. E., Zorn, B., Glish, G. L., Shears, S. B., & Tarran, R. (2019) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.00123.2019 · Cited by 31
Characterizing e‐cigarette vaping‐associated lung injury in the pediatric intensive care unit
Reddy, A. R., Jenssen, B. P., Chidambaram, A. G., Yehya, N., & Lindell, R. B. (2020) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.25086 · Cited by 31
Vaping cartridge heating element compositions and evidence of high temperatures
Wagner, J., Chen, W., & Vrdoljak, G. A. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240613 · Cited by 31 · cited 5×
“…(Meehan-Atrash et al. 2019; Duffy et al. 2020; Jiang et al. 2020; Lanzarotta et al. 2020; Mikheev et al. 2020; Muthumalage, Friedman, et al. 2020; Wagner et al. 2020; Ciolino, Falconer, et al. 2021; Ciolino, Ranieri, et al. 2021; Duffy et al. 2021; GonzalezJimenez et al. 2021; Guo et al. 2021;…”
BackgroundInfluentialLanzarotta, A. C., Falconer, T. M., Flurer, R. A., & Wilson, R. A. (2020) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05536 · Cited by 30 · cited 10×
“…Crotonaldehyde 0.00168–0.00549 ug in 6 samples Formaldehyde 0.930–5.00 ug in 10 samples 1 No THC, No Nicotine samples¼Acetaldehyde 0.414 ug in 1 sample Acrolein N/A Crotonaldehyde N/A Formaldehyde 2.22 ug in 1 sample which was absent in the case of THC-only vapor spectrum (Lanzarotta et al. 2020).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialRegulation of E-Cigarettes in the United States and Its Role in a Youth Epidemic
Gottlieb, M. A. (2019) · Children · doi:10.3390/children6030040 · Cited by 29 · cited 1×
“Moreover, the lack of regulations and controls in manufacturing and commercialization allowed the tremendous expansion of the e-cig market (Gottlieb 2019).”
BackgroundCase series: Adolescent victims of the vaping public health crisis with pulmonary complications
Kass, A. P., Overbeek, D. L., Chiel, L. E., Boyer, E. W., & Casey, A. M. H. (2020) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.24729 · Cited by 29 · cited 14×
“…al. 2020; Girvin and Naidich 2020; Griffiths et al. 2020; Gutsche et al. 2020; Heinzerling et al. 2020; Israel et al. 2020; Jankharia et al. 2020; Kass et al. 2020; Kinney et al. 2020; Kooragayalu et al. 2020; Layden et al. 2020; Lu et al. 2020; Macedonia et al. 2020; MacMurdo et al. 2020; Matta…”
BackgroundInfluentialVitamin E acetate as linactant in the pathophysiology of EVALI
Lee, H. (2020) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110182 · Cited by 29 · cited 6×
“Moreover, the hydrophobic nanoparticles potentially generated by VEA aerosolization could reach the alveoli surface and directly interact with the lipid monolayer or the liquid crystalline phase of the pulmonary surfactant (Lee 2020; Mikheev et al. 2020), leading to increased surface tension (Blount et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialWang, G., & Wu, L. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17207503 · Cited by 29 · cited 1×
“(Wang and Wu 2020; Wang et al. 2020).”
Vaping‐associated lung injury caused by inhalation of cannabis oil
Abeles, M., Ungar, S. P., Wen, A. Y., Valsamis, C., Webb, A., Halaby, C., & Pirzada, M. B. (2019) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.24579 · Cited by 28
Acute Inhalational Lung Injury Related to the Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS)
Atkins, G. T., & Drescher, F. (2015) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.2281610 · Cited by 27 · cited 2×
“…nicotine poisoning (Hua and Talbot 2016; Jonas and Raj 2020), and effects on the respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems (Hureaux et al. 2014; Thota and Latham 2014; Atkins and Drescher 2015; Modi et al. 2015; Moore et al. 2015; Darnell and Sofi 2016; Ring Madsen et al. 2016).”
BackgroundAcute Respiratory Failure Associated With Vaping
Fryman, C., Lou, B. X., Weber, A. G., Steinberg, H. N., Khanijo, S., Iakovou, A., & Makaryus, M. R. (2020) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2019.10.057 · Cited by 27 · cited 16×
“…et al. 2020; Choe et al. 2020; DeCarli et al. 2020; Derespina et al. 2020; Dicpinigaitis et al. 2020; Farooq et al. 2020; Freathy et al. 2020; Fryman et al. 2020; Galo et al. 2020; Griffiths et al. 2020; Kass et al. 2020; Mull, Shell, et al. 2020; Ocampo-Gonzalez and Park 2020; Odish et…”
BackgroundInfluentialE-cigarette or Vaping Product Use–Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) Without Respiratory Symptoms
Matta, P., Hamati, J. N., Unno, H. L., & Fox, M. D. (2020) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2019-3408 · Cited by 27 · cited 9×
“…and Naidich 2020; Israel et al. 2020; Kass et al. 2020; Kinney et al. 2020; Kooragayalu et al. 2020; Layden et al. 2020; Marliere et al. 2020; Matta et al. 2020; Messina et al. 2020; Mikheev et al. 2020; Mughal et al. 2020; Mukhopadhyay et al. 2020; Pajak et al. 2020; Perrenoud et al. 2020;…”
BackgroundInfluentialNarimani, M., & da Silva, G. F. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0238140 · Cited by 27 · cited 2×
“…Narimani et al revealed that such high temperatures could be reached in “dry-hits” conditions, i.e. in those devices where the temperature is not automatically adjusted based on the e-liquid level, and lower e-liquid levels increase the operating temperature (Narimani and da Silva 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialAerosolized vitamin E acetate causes oxidative injury in mice and in alveolar macrophages
Matsumoto, S., Traber, M. G., Leonard, S. W., Choi, J., Fang, X., Maishan, M., Wick, K. D., Jones, K. D., Calfee, C. S., Gotts, J. E., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.00482.2021 · Cited by 27 · cited 5×
“…VEA, as either e-liquids or vapors, either in vivo (C57BL/6NCr mice) (Bhat et al. 2020; Matsumoto et al. 2020; Muthumalage, Lucas, et al. 2020a; Matsumoto et al. 2022) or in vitro (human bronchial epithelial cells, human monocytes, human lung fibroblasts cells, human primary AT-II cells)…”
BackgroundInfluentialHybertson, B. M., Chung, J. H., Fini, M. A., Lee, Y. M., Allard, J. D., Hansen, B. N., Cho, O. J., Shibao, G. N., & Repine, J. E. (2005) · Experimental Lung Research · doi:10.1080/01902140590918560 · Cited by 26 · cited 1×
“…to the presence of VEA, such as the longer residence of un-hydrolyzed VEA in the lung airspace, due to the absence of pancreatic carboxyl ester hydrolase and cholesteryl ester hydrolase (Hybertson et al. 1998; Jensen et al. 1999; Hybertson et al. 2005; Desmarchelier et al. 2013; Lee 2020).”
BackgroundVaping-induced diffuse alveolar hemorrhage
Edmonds, P. J., Copeland, C. R., Conger, A. K., & Richmond, B. W. (2020) · Respiratory Medicine Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.100996 · Cited by 26 · cited 6×
“…Chawla and Weiler 2020; Chen et al. 2020; Choe et al. 2020; Colesar and McCollum 2020; DeCarli et al. 2020; Deliwala et al. 2020; Doukas et al. 2020; Edmonds et al. 2020; El Chebib et al. 2020; Freathy et al. 2020; Israel et al. 2020; Kooragayalu et al. 2020; Layden et al. 2020; Matta et al.…”
BackgroundInfluentialNoninvasive systemic biomarkers of e-cigarette or vaping use-associated lung injury: a pilot study
Podguski, S., Kaur, G., Muthumalage, T., McGraw, M., & Rahman, I. (2022) · ERJ Open Research · doi:10.1183/23120541.00639-2021 · Cited by 26 · cited 6×
“Non-Hispanic White adults (68%) were more likely than Hispanic (18%), Non-Hispanic black (14%), Non-Hispanic Asian (3%), or Native American (1%) to develop EVALI (Figure 1(C)) (Blagev et al. 2019; Chatham-Stephens et al. 2019; Gaub et al. 2019; Ghinai et al. 2019; Kalininskiy et al. 2019; Lewis et al. 2019; Lozier et…”
BackgroundInfluentialZou, R. H., Tiberio, P. J., Triantafyllou, G. A., Lamberty, P. E., Lynch, M. J., Kreit, J. W., McVerry, B. J., Gladwin, M. T., Morris, A., Chiarchiaro, J., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.202001-0079le · Cited by 25 · cited 5×
“…and Meyer 2020; Thakrar et al. 2020; Villeneuve et al. 2020; Wang et al. 2020; Werner et al. 2020; Wolf and Richards 2020; Works and Stack 2020; Zou et al. 2020; Ayoub et al. 2021; Cruz-Vidal et al. 2021; Ganne et al. 2021; Harada et al. 2021; Hassoun et al. 2021; Hoshina 2021; Isakov et al.…”
BackgroundInfluentialBilateral Pneumonia and Pleural Effusions Subsequent to Electronic Cigarette Use
Moore, K., Young, H., II, & Ryan, M. F. (2015) · Open Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.4236/ojem.2015.33004 · Cited by 24 · cited 1×
“…nicotine poisoning (Hua and Talbot 2016; Jonas and Raj 2020), and effects on the respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems (Hureaux et al. 2014; Thota and Latham 2014; Atkins and Drescher 2015; Modi et al. 2015; Moore et al. 2015; Darnell and Sofi 2016; Ring Madsen et al. 2016).”
BackgroundAccuracy of commercial electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) temperature control technology
Dibaji, S. A. R., Guha, S., Arab, A., Murray, B. T., & Myers, M. R. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206937 · Cited by 24 · cited 2×
“wick condition (Chen et al. 2018; Dibaji et al. 2018); (2) the high power (30 or 50W—11.”
BackgroundInfluentialVaping-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome
Sakla, N. M., Gattu, R., Singh, G., & Sadler, M. A. (2019) · Emergency Radiology · doi:10.1007/s10140-019-01736-6 · Cited by 24
EVALI – E-Cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury: Case Report
Adhikari, R., Koritala, T., Gotur, R., Malayala, S. V., & Jain, N. K. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.13541 · Cited by 23
Gay, B., Field, Z., Patel, S. R., Murillo-Alvarez, R. M., Nasser, W., Madruga, M., & Carlan, S. J. (2020) · Case Reports in Pulmonology · doi:10.1155/2020/7151834 · Cited by 22 · cited 11×
“…2020; Derespina et al. 2020; Doukas et al. 2020; Duffy et al. 2020; Edmonds et al. 2020; El Chebib et al. 2020; Fedt et al. 2020; Freathy et al. 2020; Gay et al. 2020; Israel et al. 2020; Jiang et al. 2020; Kooragayalu et al. 2020; Layden et al. 2020; Lu et al. 2020; Mughal et al. 2020; Mull,…”
BackgroundInfluentialSingh, D. P., Begum, R., Kaur, G., Bagam, P., Kambiranda, D. M., Singh, R. K., & Batra, S. (2021) · Cell Biology and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s10565-020-09573-x · Cited by 20 · cited 3×
“In particular, they illustrated an overexpression of TLR-4 (toll-like receptor 4) and cytosolic receptor NOD-1 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein-1), and a lipid raftassociated protein caveolin-1, which governed the amplified downstream signaling cascade, leading to the inflammatory response…”
BackgroundSelf-citationA Case Report of Secondary Spontaneous Pneumothorax Induced by Vape
Sharma, M., Anjum, H., Bulathsinghala, C. P., Buch, M., & Surani, S. (2019) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.6067 · Cited by 19 · cited 7×
“…et al. 2019; Butt et al. 2019; Davidson et al. 2019; Hallowell et al. 2019; Kalininskiy et al. 2019; Maddock et al. 2019; Salzman et al. 2019; Sharma et al. 2019; Triantafyllou et al. 2019; Wilhite et al. 2019; Abeles et al. 2020; Acharya et al. 2020; Ahmad et al. 2020; Al-Abdouh et al.…”
BackgroundInfluentialGaub, K. L., Hallyburton, S., Samanic, C. M., Paddack, D., Clark, C. R., Pence, S., Brown, J. A., & Hawkins, E. (2019) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6849a3 · Cited by 19 · cited 38×
“In addition to vaping, patients reported using combustible marijuana, combustible tobacco, or both (Ghinai et al. 2019; Layden et al. 2020; Lewis et al. 2019; Adkins et al. 2020) (Supplemental Table S1).”
BackgroundInfluentialA Case Series of Vaping-Induced Lung Injury in a Community Hospital Setting
Ali, M., Khan, K., Buch, M., Ramirez, M. R., Sharma, M., Patel, S. V., Choudhury, S., Anjum, H., Khan, A., & Surani, S. (2020) · Case Reports in Pulmonology · doi:10.1155/2020/9631916 · Cited by 19 · cited 14×
“…2019; Salzman et al. 2019; Triantafyllou et al. 2019; Abeles et al. 2020; Aberegg, Cirulis, et al. 2020; Ahmad et al. 2020; Al-Abdouh et al. 2020; Ali et al. 2020; Amin et al. 2020; Baumann et al. 2020; Bharat et al. 2020; Billa et al. 2020; Bozkanat et al. 2020; Carroll et al. 2020; Cedano et…”
BackgroundInfluentialWang, K. Y., Jadhav, S. P., Yenduri, N. J. S., Lee, S. A., Farber, H. J., & Guillerman, R. P. (2020) · Pediatric Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00247-020-04698-x · Cited by 19 · cited 8×
“(Wang and Wu 2020; Wang et al. 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialParticle size distribution and chemical composition of aerosolized vitamin E acetate
Mikheev, V. B., Klupinski, T. P., Ivanov, A., Lucas, E. A., Strozier, E. D., & Fix, C. S. (2020) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786826.2020.1783431 · Cited by 19 · cited 14×
“…Kass et al. 2020; Kinney et al. 2020; Kooragayalu et al. 2020; Layden et al. 2020; Marliere et al. 2020; Matta et al. 2020; Messina et al. 2020; Mikheev et al. 2020; Mughal et al. 2020; Mukhopadhyay et al. 2020; Pajak et al. 2020; Perrenoud et al. 2020; Phung and Lam 2020; Priemer et al. 2020;…”
BackgroundInfluentialHybertson, B. M., Kitlowski, R. P., Jepson, E. K., & Repine, J. E. (1998) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1998.84.1.263 · Cited by 18 · cited 1×
“…to the presence of VEA, such as the longer residence of un-hydrolyzed VEA in the lung airspace, due to the absence of pancreatic carboxyl ester hydrolase and cholesteryl ester hydrolase (Hybertson et al. 1998; Jensen et al. 1999; Hybertson et al. 2005; Desmarchelier et al. 2013; Lee 2020).”
BackgroundWing, C., Bradford, A. C., Carroll, A. E., & Hollingsworth, A. J. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.2187 · Cited by 18 · cited 10×
“It is also important to highlight that until 2019, only 7 states had legalized cannabis and THC-containing products for recreational use, while only medical marijuana was allowed in 26 States, and the remaining 18 states prohibited all cannabis use (Wing et al. 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialE-cigarette or vaping induced lung injury: A case series and literature review
Doukas, S. G., Kavali, L., Menon, R. S., Izotov, B. N., & Bukhari, A. (2020) · Toxicology Reports · doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.09.010 · Cited by 18 · cited 35×
“In addition to vaping, patients reported using combustible marijuana, combustible tobacco, or both (Ghinai et al. 2019; Layden et al. 2020; Lewis et al. 2019; Adkins et al. 2020) (Supplemental Table S1).”
BackgroundInfluentialPatten, S. B. (2021) · PubMed · Cited by 18
A Rare Case of Vaping-Induced Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum
Adhikari, R., Manduva, D., Malayala, S. V., Singh, R., Jain, N. K., Deepika, K., & Koritala, T. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.17166 · Cited by 18
Park, H., Vallarino, J., O’Sullivan, M. J., Wirth, C., Panganiban, R. A. M., Webb, G., Shumyatcher, M., Himes, B. E., Park, J., Christiani, D. C., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-97013-z · Cited by 18 · cited 1×
“…number of ciliated cells, downregulation of new protein synthesis, and upregulation of inflammatory response, in normal human bronchial epithelial cells treated with nicotine e-cigs vapors which can ultimately impair the immune response against foreign bodies and pathogens (Park et al. 2019, 2021).”
BackgroundSelf-citationHuang, J., Zhu, D., Ma, J., & Zhong, M. (2013) · Toxicology and Industrial Health · doi:10.1177/0748233713480205 · Cited by 17
E-cigarettes and Vaping Associated Lung Injury: A Case Series and Brief Review
Hilton, R., Summer, R. S., Roman, J., Sundaram, B., & George, G. (2020) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2020.01.003 · Cited by 17 · cited 2×
“…Butt et al. 2019; Davidson et al. 2019; Sharma et al. 2019; Ali et al. 2020; Alzghoul et al. 2020; Casanova et al. 2020; Fryman et al. 2020; Hilton et al. 2020; Poschenrieder et al. 2020 Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage Alqahtani et al. 2019; Fryman et al. 2020; Villeneuve et al. 2020…”
BackgroundAberegg, S. K., Maddock, S. D., Blagev, D., & Callahan, S. J. (2020) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2020.02.018 · Cited by 17
Fatal e-cigarette or vaping associated lung injury (EVALI): a first case report in Europe
Marlière, C., Greef, J. D., Gohy, S. T., Hoton, D., Wallemacq, P. E., Jacquet, L., & Belkhir, L. (2020) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.00077-2020 · Cited by 17 · cited 5×
“…al. 2020; Baumann et al. 2020; Conuel et al. 2020; DeCarli et al. 2020; Essa et al. 2020; Fryman et al. 2020; Kaous et al. 2020; Kass et al. 2020; Marliere et al. 2020; Mughal et al. 2020; Mukhopadhyay et al. 2020; O’Carroll et al. 2020; Youmans and Harwood 2020; Lilley et al. 2021; Pitlick et…”
BackgroundInfluentialDeliwala, S. S., Sundus, S., Haykal, T., Theophilus, N., & Bachuwa, G. I. (2020) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.7513 · Cited by 17 · cited 7×
“…al. 2019; Wilhite et al. 2019; Aberegg, Cirulis, et al. 2020; Al-Abdouh et al. 2020; Blount et al. 2020; Bozkanat et al. 2020; DeCarli et al. 2020; Deliwala et al. 2020; Dicpinigaitis et al. 2020; Doukas et al. 2020; Fryman et al. 2020; Kass et al. 2020; Kinney et al. 2020; Kooragayalu et al.…”
BackgroundInfluentialIsrael, A., Velez, M. J., Staicu, S. A., Ambrosini, R., McGraw, M., & Agrawal, T. (2020) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.202002-0252le · Cited by 17
Chidambaram, A. G., Dennis, R. A., Biko, D. M., Hook, M., Allen, J. L., & Rapp, J. B. (2020) · Emergency Radiology · doi:10.1007/s10140-020-01796-z · Cited by 17 · cited 14×
“…et al. 2019; Abeles et al. 2020; Aberegg, Cirulis, et al. 2020; Ahmad et al. 2020; Alzghoul et al. 2020; Carroll et al. 2020; Casanova et al. 2020; Chidambaram et al. 2020; Choe et al. 2020; Colesar and McCollum 2020; Conuel et al. 2020; Derespina et al. 2020; Dicpinigaitis et al. 2020; Freathy…”
BackgroundInfluentiale-Cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury
MacMurdo, M. G., Lin, C., Saeedan, M. B., Doxtader, E. E., Mukhopadhyay, S., Arrossi, V., REYNOLDS, J. P., Ghosh, S., & Choi, H. (2020) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2020.01.030 · Cited by 17 · cited 7×
“…and McCollum 2020; El Chebib et al. 2020; Fan et al. 2020; Farooq et al. 2020; Heinzerling et al. 2020; Hilton et al. 2020; Layden et al. 2020; MacMurdo et al. 2020; Marliere et al. 2020; Messina et al. 2020; Phung and Lam 2020; Reagan-Steiner et al. 2020; Rodriguez et al. 2020; Ronald et…”
BackgroundInfluentialNicotine and cannabis vaping among adolescents in treatment for substance use disorders
Young‐Wolff, K. C., Adams, S. R., Sterling, S., Tan, A. S. L., Salloum, R. G., Torre, K., Carter‐Harris, L., & Prochaska, J. J. (2021) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108304 · Cited by 17 · cited 1×
“In contrast, mental health and substance addiction have been underestimated in vapers and smokers (Patten 2021), and very few studies have examined the correlation between substance abuse/addiction and vaping (Young-Wolff et al. 2021), while none are available on the correlation with EVALI.”
BackgroundLu, S., Li, L., Duffy, B. C., Dittmar, M. A., Durocher, L. A., Panawennage, D., Delaney-Baldwin, E. R., & Spink, D. C. (2021) · Frontiers in Chemistry · doi:10.3389/fchem.2021.748935 · Cited by 17 · cited 7×
“Lu et al. (2021) Analysis of 284 vaping products from 83 EVALI patients to the Wadsworth Center of the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) or by medical practitioners and poison control centers across New York State as part of the statewide 2019–2020 EVALI investigation HPLC for…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCannabis Smoking-induced Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage
Alqahtani, A. J., Ammari, Z. A., Ramahi, A., Ahmed, T. S., & Klada, E. (2019) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.5089 · Cited by 16 · cited 17×
“…et al. 2021; Regmi et al. 2021; Vilanilam et al. 2021; Wekon-Kemeni et al. 2021; Helfgott et al. 2022 Bilateral pulmonary interstitial infiltrates Alqahtani et al. 2019; Anderson and Zechar 2019; Butt et al. 2019; Ali et al. 2020; Alzghoul et al. 2020; Baxter et al. 2020; Bharat et al. 2020;…”
BackgroundInfluentialAcute Eosinophilic Pneumonia Due to Vaping-Associated Lung Injury
Wolf, M. L., & Richards, J. (2020) · The Journal of Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.2478/jccm-2020-0037 · Cited by 16 · cited 9×
“…2020; Mull, Erdem, et al. 2020; Ocampo-Gonzalez and Park 2020; Phung and Lam 2020; Stephens et al. 2020; Temas and Meyer 2020; Thakrar et al. 2020; Wolf and Richards 2020; Ganne et al. 2021; Roman et al. 2021; Vilanilam et al. 2021 Fever temperature 38 C Arter et al. 2019; Blagev et al. 2019;…”
BackgroundInfluentialCOVID or Not COVID? A Great Mimicker Behind the Smoke Screen
Ayoub, M., Quamme, M., Abdel-Reheem, A.-R. K., & Lwin, P. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.19480 · Cited by 16 · cited 10×
“…2020; Qarajeh and Kitchen 2020; Rao et al. 2020; Sakla et al. 2020; Smith et al. 2020; Thakrar et al. 2020; Wang et al. 2020; Works and Stack 2020; Ayoub et al. 2021; Cruz-Vidal et al. 2021; Harada et al. 2021; Hassoun et al. 2021; Isakov et al. 2021; Khan et al. 2021; Kligerman et al. 2021;…”
BackgroundInfluentialMcGuigan, M., Chapman, G. M., Lewis, E., Watson, C. H., Blount, B. C., & Valentín-Blasini, L. (2022) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.1c06321 · Cited by 16 · cited 7×
“…conjugates and derivates, and VOCs, are known to be respiratory irritants, depressants, and paralytic agents, which could potentially cause dyspnea, chest tightness, and pulmonary edema (common symptoms among EVALI patients) (FDA 2012; Muthumalage, Friedman, et al. 2020; McGuigan et al. 2022).”
BackgroundInfluentialCannabis Butane Hash Oil Dabbing Induced Lung Injury Mimicking Atypical Pneumonia
Stephens, D., Patel, J. K., Angelo, D., & Frunzi, J. (2020) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.7033 · Cited by 15 · cited 9×
“…and Zechar 2019; Salzman et al. 2019; Ali et al. 2020; Bolona et al. 2020; Colesar and McCollum 2020; Mull, Erdem, et al. 2020; Sacci et al. 2020; Stephens et al. 2020; Temas and Meyer 2020; Thakrar et al. 2020; Ayoub et al. 2021; Ganne et al. 2021; Ismail et al. 2021; Kalantary et al. 2021;…”
BackgroundInfluentialEosinophilic Pneumonia and Lymphadenopathy Associated With Vaping and Tetrahydrocannabinol Use
Mull, E. S., Erdem, G., Nicol, K. K., Adler, B. M., & SHELL, R. D. (2020) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2019-3007 · Cited by 15
Villeneuve, T., Prévôt, G., Borgne, A. L., Colombat, M., Collot, S., Ruiz, S., Lanot, T., Brouchet, L., Rabeau, A., Noël‐Savina, E., et al. (2020) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.00143-2020 · Cited by 15 · cited 9×
“…et al. 2020; Carroll et al. 2020; Derespina et al. 2020; Edmonds et al. 2020; Griffiths et al. 2020; Mull, Shell, et al. 2020; Temas and Meyer 2020; Villeneuve et al. 2020; Ahmed et al. 2021; Kupelian et al. 2021 WBC Alqahtani et al. 2019; Blagev et al. 2019; Triantafyllou et al. 2019; Ali et…”
BackgroundInfluentialGalo, J., Celli, D. A., Gross, D., Holt, G. E., & Campos, M. (2020) · Respiratory Medicine Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101154 · Cited by 15 · cited 8×
“…and Weiler 2020; Colesar and McCollum 2020; DeCarli et al. 2020; Deliwala et al. 2020; Doukas et al. 2020; Edmonds et al. 2020; Fryman et al. 2020; Galo et al. 2020; Girvin and Naidich 2020; Kass et al. 2020; Kinney et al. 2020; Kooragayalu et al. 2020; Layden et al. 2020; Macedonia et al. 2020;…”
InfluentialE-cigarette or vaping product use associated lung injury, (EVALI) - A diagnosis of exclusion
Mughal, M. S., Dalmacion, D. L. V., Mirza, H. M., Kaur, I. P., Delacruz, M. A., & Kramer, V. E. (2020) · Respiratory Medicine Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101174 · Cited by 15 · cited 11×
“…al. 2020; Conuel et al. 2020; DeCarli et al. 2020; Essa et al. 2020; Fryman et al. 2020; Kaous et al. 2020; Kass et al. 2020; Marliere et al. 2020; Mughal et al. 2020; Mukhopadhyay et al. 2020; O’Carroll et al. 2020; Youmans and Harwood 2020; Lilley et al. 2021; Pitlick et al. 2021; Sangani et…”
BackgroundInfluentialE-Cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) Mimicking COVID-19 Disease
Rodríguez, J. Á., Roa, A. A., & Lemos-Ramirez, J. C. (2020) · Case Reports in Pulmonology · doi:10.1155/2020/8821289 · Cited by 15 · cited 9×
“…MacMurdo et al. 2020; Matta et al. 2020; Mull, Erdem, et al. 2020; Odish et al. 2020; Pajak et al. 2020; Perrenoud et al. 2020; Rao et al. 2020; Rodriguez et al. 2020; Sacci et al. 2020; Shields et al. 2020; Singh et al. 2020; Temas and Meyer 2020; Werner et al. 2020; Harada et al. 2021;…”
BackgroundInfluentialDiffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage: An Uncommon Manifestation of Vaping-associated Lung Injury
WILHITE, R. E., Patel, T. P., Karle, E. M., Shankar, S., & Krvavac, A. (2019) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.6519 · Cited by 14 · cited 10×
“…et al. 2019; Anderson and Zechar 2019; Aokage et al. 2019; Arter et al. 2019; Blagev et al. 2019; Kalininskiy et al. 2019; Landman et al. 2019; Wilhite et al. 2019; Acharya et al. 2020; Al-Abdouh et al. 2020; Aldy et al. 2020; Ansari-Gilani et al. 2020; Bharat et al. 2020; Billa et al.…”
BackgroundInfluentialYoumans, A. J., & Harwood, J. (2020) · American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology · doi:10.1097/paf.0000000000000533 · Cited by 14 · cited 4×
“…products, relative composition of the e-liquid Fibrinous exudates in airspaces Fathima and Zhang 2020; Mukhopadhyay et al. 2020; Panse et al. 2020; Youmans and Harwood 2020 Interstitial chronic inflammation Baumann et al. 2020; Fathima and Zhang 2020; Mukhopadhyay et al. 2020; Panse et al. 2020;…”
BackgroundInfluentialBilla, R. D., Tigges, C. R., Vijayakumar, N., Radke, J. B., Pedati, C., Weiner, R., & Mccabe, D. J. (2020) · Journal of Medical Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s13181-020-00765-9 · Cited by 14 · cited 7×
“…Ali et al. 2020; Alzghoul et al. 2020; Amin et al. 2020; Ansari-Gilani et al. 2020; Artunduaga et al. 2020; Baumann et al. 2020; Bharat et al. 2020; Billa et al. 2020; Bolona et al. 2020; Bozkanat et al. 2020; Carroll et al. 2020; Casanova et al. 2020; Cedano et al. 2020; Chen et al. 2020;…”
BackgroundInfluentialVaping associated lung injury: A potentially life‐threatening epidemic in US youth
Messina, M. D., Levin, T. L., Conrad, L. A., & Bidiwala, A. (2020) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.24755 · Cited by 14 · cited 11×
“…et al. 2020; Colesar and McCollum 2020; El Chebib et al. 2020; Girvin and Naidich 2020; Kass et al. 2020; Lanzarotta et al. 2020; Layden et al. 2020; Messina et al. 2020; Panse et al. 2020; Temas and Meyer 2020; Thakrar et al. 2020; Wang et al. 2020; Ayoub et al. 2021; Ismail et al. 2021; Khan et…”
BackgroundInfluentialHarada, H. A., Liu, J., Shortell, J. D., & Beesley, S. J. (2021) · American Journal of Case Reports · doi:10.12659/ajcr.929915 · Cited by 14 · cited 12×
“…Meyer 2020; Werner et al. 2020; Works and Stack 2020; Adhikari, Koritala, et al. 2021; Ahmed et al. 2021; Cruz-Vidal et al. 2021; Ganne et al. 2021; Harada et al. 2021; Hassoun et al. 2021; Hoshina 2021; Ismail et al. 2021; Kalantary et al. 2021; Khan et al. 2021; Krishnan et al. 2021; Kupelian…”
BackgroundInfluentialPhysiologic response of animals exposed to air-borne ketene.
Treon, J. F., & Sigmon, H. (1949) · PubMed · Cited by 13
E-cigarette use related lung disease, review of clinical and imaging findings in 3 cases
Ansari‐Gilani, K., Petraszko, A. M., Teba, C. V., Reeves, A. R., Gupta, A. B., Gupta, A., Ramaiya, N. H., & Gilkeson, R. (2020) · Heart & Lung · doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.01.005 · Cited by 13 · cited 8×
“…2020 Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage Alqahtani et al. 2019; Fryman et al. 2020; Villeneuve et al. 2020 Organizing pneumonia (activate type 2 pneumocytes) Ansari-Gilani et al. 2020; Essa et al. 2020; Fryman et al. 2020; Gay et al. 2020; Mughal et al. 2020; Poschenrieder et al. 2020; Cruz-Vidal et al.…”
BackgroundInfluentialAhmad, M. R., Aftab, G. M., Rehman, S., & Frenia, D. S. (2020) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.7002 · Cited by 13 · cited 8×
“…et al. 2019; Maddock et al. 2019; Salzman et al. 2019; Wilhite et al. 2019; Abeles et al. 2020; Aberegg, Cirulis, et al. 2020; Acharya et al. 2020; Ahmad et al. 2020; Al-Abdouh et al. 2020; Alzghoul et al. 2020; Baumann et al. 2020; Baxter et al. 2020; Bharat et al. 2020; Billa et al. 2020;…”
BackgroundInfluentialAnaerobic Necrotizing Pneumonia: Another Potential Life-threatening Complication of Vaping?
Chebib, H. E., McArthur, K., Gorbonosov, M., & Domachowske, J. B. (2020) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2019-3204 · Cited by 13 · cited 9×
“…et al. 2020; Chawla and Weiler 2020; Choe et al. 2020; DeCarli et al. 2020; Derespina et al. 2020; Dicpinigaitis et al. 2020; Doukas et al. 2020; El Chebib et al. 2020; Essa et al. 2020; Farooq et al. 2020; Fedt et al. 2020; Fryman et al. 2020; Galo et al. 2020; Gay et al. 2020; Heinzerling et…”
BackgroundInfluentialVaping-Associated Lung Injury During COVID-19 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Outbreak
Hassoun, A., Brady, K. B., Arefi, R., Trifonova, I., & Tsirilakis, K. (2020) · Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.12.005 · Cited by 13 · cited 13×
“…Rodriguez et al. 2020; Sacci et al. 2020; Shields et al. 2020; Singh et al. 2020; Temas and Meyer 2020; Werner et al. 2020; Harada et al. 2021; Hassoun et al. 2021; Hoshina 2021; Reddy et al. 2021; Sangani et al. 2021; Wekon-Kemeni et al. 2021 ANA: antinuclear antibodies; ANCA: antineutrophil…”
BackgroundInfluentialPitlick, M. M., Lang, D. K., Meehan, A. M., & McCoy, C. P. (2021) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings Innovations Quality & Outcomes · doi:10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2021.03.002 · Cited by 13 · cited 13×
“…2021; Cruz-Vidal et al. 2021; Ganne et al. 2021; Harada et al. 2021; Isakov et al. 2021; Khan et al. 2021; Lilley et al. 2021; Munagala et al. 2021; Pitlick et al. 2021; Regmi et al. 2021; Vilanilam et al. 2021; Wekon-Kemeni et al. 2021; Helfgott et al. 2022 Bilateral pulmonary interstitial…”
BackgroundInfluentialE-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) masquerading as COVID-19
Ganne, N., Palraj, R., Husted, E., & Shah, I. (2021) · BMJ Case Reports · doi:10.1136/bcr-2021-243885 · Cited by 13 · cited 10×
“…Neira et al. 2020; Qarajeh and Kitchen 2020; Rao et al. 2020; Singh et al. 2020; Temas and Meyer 2020; Ayoub et al. 2021; Cruz-Vidal et al. 2021; Ganne et al. 2021; Hassoun et al. 2021; Hoshina 2021; Ismail et al. 2021; Kalantary et al. 2021; Khan et al. 2021; Kupelian et al. 2021; Lilley et…”
BackgroundInfluentialCytologic features of vaping‐induced lung injury: A case report
Ocampo‐Gonzalez, F. A., & Park, J. (2019) · Diagnostic Cytopathology · doi:10.1002/dc.24343 · Cited by 12
Vaping Associated Pulmonary Injury (VAPI) with superimposed Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
Kooragayalu, S., El-Zarif, S., & Jariwala, S. P. (2020) · Respiratory Medicine Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.100997 · Cited by 12
Neira, D. A. P., Tambra, S., Bhasin, V., Nawgiri, R. S., & Duarte, A. G. (2020) · Respiratory Medicine Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101015 · Cited by 12 · cited 13×
“…Mughal et al. 2020; Mull, Erdem, et al. 2020; Ocampo-Gonzalez and Park 2020; Perrenoud et al. 2020; Phung and Lam 2020; Priemer et al. 2020; Puebla Neira et al. 2020; Rao et al. 2020; Rodriguez et al. 2020; Ronald et al. 2020; Sacci et al. 2020; Sakla et al. 2020; Singh et al. 2020; Smith et…”
BackgroundInfluentialAl‐Abdouh, A., Phillips, E. K., & Allison, M. G. (2020) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.11544 · Cited by 12 · cited 10×
“…al. 2019; Maddock et al. 2019; Salzman et al. 2019; Triantafyllou et al. 2019; Abeles et al. 2020; Aberegg, Cirulis, et al. 2020; Ahmad et al. 2020; Al-Abdouh et al. 2020; Ali et al. 2020; Amin et al. 2020; Baumann et al. 2020; Bharat et al. 2020; Billa et al. 2020; Bozkanat et al. 2020; Carroll…”
BackgroundInfluentialPersistent Severe Fixed Airways Obstruction in a High-Dosing E-cigarette User
Macedonia, T. V., Krefft, S. D., & Rose, C. S. (2019) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-019-05462-0 · Cited by 11
Boloña, E., Félix, M., Vanegas, E., Paz, C. V., & Chérrez-Ojeda, I. (2019) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201910-2002le · Cited by 11 · cited 6×
“…et al. 2021; Tanz et al. 2021; Singh 2022 High blood pressure (BP) >120/80mmHg Alqahtani et al. 2019; Ali et al. 2020; Ansari-Gilani et al. 2020; Bolona et al. 2020; Choe et al. 2020; Deliwala et al. 2020; Doukas et al. 2020; Patel et al. 2020; Rao et al. 2020; Rodriguez et al. 2020; Singh et…”
BackgroundInfluentialVaping-related Lung Injury in an Adolescent
Lu, M., Jabre, N. A., & Mogayzel, P. J. (2020) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201909-1786im · Cited by 11 · cited 5×
“…al. 2020; Fedt et al. 2020; Freathy et al. 2020; Gay et al. 2020; Israel et al. 2020; Jiang et al. 2020; Kooragayalu et al. 2020; Layden et al. 2020; Lu et al. 2020; Mughal et al. 2020; Mull, Erdem, et al. 2020; Ocampo-Gonzalez and Park 2020; Perrenoud et al. 2020; Phung and Lam 2020; Priemer et…”
BackgroundInfluentialA Case Series of Vaping-Associated Lung Injury Requiring Mechanical Ventilation
Choe, J., Chen, P., Falk, J., Nguyen, L., Ng, D., Parimon, T., & Ghandehari, S. (2020) · Critical Care Explorations · doi:10.1097/cce.0000000000000079 · Cited by 11 · cited 9×
“…et al. 2020; Bharat et al. 2020; Bozkanat et al. 2020; Carroll et al. 2020; Casanova et al. 2020; Chawla and Weiler 2020; Chen et al. 2020; Choe et al. 2020; Colesar and McCollum 2020; DeCarli et al. 2020; Deliwala et al. 2020; Dicpinigaitis et al. 2020; Doukas et al. 2020; Edmonds et al.…”
BackgroundInfluentialExtensive Pneumorrhachis Associated with Vaping-Induced Lung Injury
Ronald, A. A., Defta, D. M., Wright, J. M., III, & Rothstein, B. D. (2020) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.176 · Cited by 11 · cited 7×
“…and Park 2020; Perrenoud et al. 2020; Phung and Lam 2020; Priemer et al. 2020; Puebla Neira et al. 2020; Rao et al. 2020; Rodriguez et al. 2020; Ronald et al. 2020; Sacci et al. 2020; Sakla et al. 2020; Singh et al. 2020; Smith et al. 2020; Thakrar et al. 2020; Villeneuve et al. 2020;…”
BackgroundInfluentialVaping-Associated Lung Injury: A New Cause of Acute Respiratory Failure
Fedt, A., Bhattarai, S., & Oelstrom, M. J. (2020) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.03.019 · Cited by 11 · cited 6×
“…et al. 2020; Deliwala et al. 2020; Dicpinigaitis et al. 2020; Doukas et al. 2020; Edmonds et al. 2020; El Chebib et al. 2020; Essa et al. 2020; Fedt et al. 2020; Gay et al. 2020; Girvin and Naidich 2020; Israel et al. 2020; Kass et al. 2020; Kinney et al. 2020; Kooragayalu et al. 2020; Layden…”
BackgroundInfluentialSchaffer, S. E., Strang, A. R., Saul, D., Krishnan, V., & Chidekel, A. S. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.21988 · Cited by 11
Marrocco, A., Singh, D., Christiani, D. C., & Demokritou, P. (2022) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfac047 · Cited by 11 · cited 11×
“The detection of ROS in MCT, VEA, and CBD e-cig vapors has also been demonstrated (Muthumalage and Rahman 2019; Muthumalage, Lucas, et al. 2020a; Marrocco et al. 2022).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationTHC Vaping-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Qarajeh, R., & Kitchen, J. F. (2019) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.09.015 · Cited by 10 · cited 5×
“…et al. 2020; Mull, Erdem, et al. 2020; Ocampo-Gonzalez and Park 2020; Pajak et al. 2020; Panse et al. 2020; Perrenoud et al. 2020; Phung and Lam 2020; Qarajeh and Kitchen 2020; Rao et al. 2020; Sakla et al. 2020; Smith et al. 2020; Thakrar et al. 2020; Wang et al. 2020; Works and Stack 2020; Ayoub…”
BackgroundInfluentialAldy, K., Cao, D. J., McGetrick, M. E., Willcutts, D., Verbeck, G. F., Silva, I. W. D., & Hsu, S. (2020) · Pediatric Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/pcc.0000000000002264 · Cited by 10 · cited 8×
“…Arter et al. 2019; Blagev et al. 2019; Kalininskiy et al. 2019; Landman et al. 2019; Wilhite et al. 2019; Acharya et al. 2020; Al-Abdouh et al. 2020; Aldy et al. 2020; Ansari-Gilani et al. 2020; Bharat et al. 2020; Billa et al. 2020; Casanova et al. 2020; Chawla and Weiler 2020; Chen et al. 2020;…”
BackgroundInfluentialE‐cigarette, or Vaping, Associated Lung and Hepatic Injury
Fan, T., DuBose, L., Wayne, C. D., & Sisniega, C. (2020) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000002744 · Cited by 10 · cited 2×
“…al. 2021 Mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy Kalininskiy et al. 2019; Ahmad et al. 2020; Carroll et al. 2020; Derespina et al. 2020; Essa et al. 2020; Fan et al. 2020; Galo et al. 2020; Girvin and Naidich 2020; Messina et al. 2020; Panse et al. 2020; ReaganSteiner et al. 2020; Temas and Meyer 2020;…”
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Odish, M. F., Bellinghausen, A. L., Golts, E. M., & Owens, R. L. (2020) · BMJ Case Reports · doi:10.1136/bcr-2020-234771 · Cited by 10 · cited 5×
“…Kass et al. 2020; Kinney et al. 2020; Kooragayalu et al. 2020; Lu et al. 2020; MacMurdo et al. 2020; Matta et al. 2020; Mull, Erdem, et al. 2020; Odish et al. 2020; Pajak et al. 2020; Perrenoud et al. 2020; Rao et al. 2020; Rodriguez et al. 2020; Sacci et al. 2020; Shields et al. 2020; Singh et…”
BackgroundInfluentialVaping-Induced Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage
Harrington, L., & Chichra, A. (2020) · doi:10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a1845 · Cited by 10
Bronchiectasis associated with electronic cigarette use: A case series
Mull, E. S., SHELL, R. D., Adler, B. M., & Holtzlander, M. (2020) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.25062 · Cited by 10
Kalantary, A., Abdelazeem, B., Shams, N., Pratiti, R., & Al-Sanouri, I. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.13531 · Cited by 10 · cited 22×
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BackgroundInfluential
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Cannabis, cannabinoids and health: a review of evidence on risks and medical benefits
Hoch, E., Volkow, N. D., Friemel, C. M., Lorenzetti, V., Freeman, T. P., & Hall, W. (2025) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-024-01880-2 · Cited by 139
Hexahydrocannabinol and closely related semi‐synthetic cannabinoids: A comprehensive review
Ujváry, I. (2023) · Drug Testing and Analysis · doi:10.1002/dta.3519 · Cited by 95
Kang, W., & Malvaso, A. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.013 · Cited by 28
Hall, W., Leung, J., & Carlini, B. H. (2023) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.16135 · Cited by 25
E-cigarette use-associated lung injury (EVALI)
Tituana, N. Y., Rosales, C. G. C., Espinoza, E. F., & Ordóñez, V. A. T. (2023) · Pneumologie · doi:10.1055/a-2161-0105 · Cited by 33
“During the influenza season, influenza should be considered in all patients with suspected – Follow-up evaluation should include: clinical assessment, ensuring compliance with medication regimens such as tapering corticosteroids if these were prescribed at discharge, reinforcing the importance of…”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Marrocco, A., Singh, D., Christiani, D. C., & Demokritou, P.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Corresponding author
- Demokritou, Philip
- Venue
- Critical Reviews in Toxicology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2022-03-16
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 188-220
- ISSN
- 0045-6446 (ISSN-L)
- 1040-8444
- 1547-6898
- PMC
- PMC9716650
- OpenAlex
- W4285085267
- Semantic Scholar
- 842a5e89e02049f17e45dccd4c6c470858728430
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 271
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 14
- FWCI
- 2.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Critical Reviews in Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Poisoning and overdose treatments
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
- Keywords
- alpha-tocopherol acetate, tetrahydrocannabinol, diffuse alveolar damage, ground-glass opacities, bronchoalveolar lavage, cannabidiol, medium-chain triglycerides, cytotoxicity, lung inflammation, terpenes, heavy metals, volatile organic compounds, pathophysiology
- MeSH terms
- Vaping, Adolescent, Humans, Male, Dronabinol, Vitamin E, Acute Lung Injury, Young Adult, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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