Swarm intelligence: new techniques for adaptive systems to provide learning support
Abstract
The notion of a system adapting itself to provide support for learning has always been an important issue of research for technology-enabled learning. One approach to provide adaptivity is to use social navigation approaches and techniques which involve analysing data of what was previously selected by a cluster of users or what worked for previous users or learners of such system and to use such analysis to guide and help the current user. New techniques are now available that rely on emergent or self-organising methods to analyse a large amount of interaction data being generated by large-scale online learning communities, interactions with learning resources or learning management mechanisms. One such technique is swarm intelligence, a set of computing algorithms in the form of multi-agent systems that simulate how swarms of insects or birds move or work. It has been applied to various intelligent functionalities such as adaptive content planning, computer-adaptive testing and assessment paper generation. In this article, we provide a survey of the various approaches in swarm intelligence that explores potential mechanisms to adapt and individualise learning and assessment. We hope that this article can inspire future studies in this exciting area.
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In 2011 and 2012, qualitative research on decentralized theory and swarm intelligence appeared, and then real artificial intelligence research began.
“For example, in 2011 and 2012, qualitative research on decentralized theory [43] and swarm intelligence [59] appeared, and then the real artificial intelligence research began.”
From A Review of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Education from 2010 to 2020 (2021) · cites this paper as [59]
According to the selected papers, the decentralized theory was firstly investigated in education in 2011, followed by the introduction of swarm intelligence in education in 2012.
“According to the selected papers, the decentralized theory was firstly investigated in education in 2011 [43], followed by the introduction of swarm intelligence in education in 2012 [59].”
From A Review of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Education from 2010 to 2020 (2021) · cites this paper as [59]
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- Authors
- Wong, L.-H., & Looi, C.-K.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Education (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Wong, Lung-Hsiang
- Venue
- Interactive Learning Environments
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2012-02
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 19-40
- ISSN
- 1049-4820 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-5191
- OpenAlex
- W2035832923
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Interactive Learning Environments (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Science Applications › Online Learning and Analytics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Keywords
- swarm intelligence, adaptive learning systems, multi-agent systems, social navigation, computerized adaptive testing, individualised learning, online learning communities, technology-enabled learning
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