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A short form of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory

Cann, Arnie, Calhoun, Lawrence G., Tedeschi, Richard G., Taku, Kanako, Vishnevsky, Tanya, Triplett, Kelli N., Danhauer, Suzanne C.·2010·Anxiety, Stress, & Coping

DOI 10.1080/10615800903094273

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Abstract

A short form of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI-SF) is described. A sample of 1351 adults who had completed the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) in previous studies provided the basis for item selection. The resulting 10-item form includes two items from each of the five subscales of the original PTGI, selected on the basis of loadings on the original factors and breadth of item content. A separate sample of 186 completed the short form of the scale (PTGI-SF). Confirmatory factor analyses on both data sets demonstrated a five-factor structure for the PTGI-short form (PTGI-SF) equivalent to that of the PTGI. Three studies of homogenous clinical samples (bereaved parents, intimate partner violence victims, and acute leukemia patients) demonstrated that the PTGI-SF yields relationships with other variables of interest that are equivalent to those found using the original form of the PTGI. A final study demonstrated that administering the 10 short-form items in a random order, rather than in the fixed context of the original scale, did not impact the performance of the PTGI-SF. Overall, these results indicate that the PTGI-SF could be substituted for the PTGI with little loss of information.

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The posttraumatic growth inventory: measuring the positive legacy of trauma
Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (1996) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.2490090305 · Cited by 7,061 · cited 6×
“…of the themes captured by the PTGI was originally based on positive changes reported in the literature by individuals experiencing traumatic events (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996), and the final five-factor structure of the inventory has been replicated in different populations (Morris,…”
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“In the original report, PTG was predicted from a measure of disruption of core beliefs, the Core Beliefs Inventory (CBI; Cann et al., in press) and the short form of the Profile of Mood States (POMS-SF; Shacham, 1983), and the model was significant, F(2, 67) 28.92, R2adj .45, pB.001, as were both individual predictors…”
BackgroundInfluential
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“…it is the only measure that has validly provided data to allow comparison between experiences (Middleton, 2016) and has spawned a number of variants (Cann et al., 2010; Hooper, Marotta, & Depuy, 2009; Horswill, Desgagne, Parkerson, Carleton, & Asmundson, 2016; Morris, Wilson, & Chambers, 2013).”
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Method
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“The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory Short Form (PTGI-SF) (Cann et al., 2010) is a self-report measure of posttraumatic growth.”
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BackgroundMethod
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“The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF; Cann et al., 2010) is a 10-item short version of the PTGI (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996) which assesses positive changes occurring in response to significant adversities, for example, “I am able to do better things with my life” or “I know better that I can handle di…”
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“Developed from the 21-item Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI; Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996), the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory–Short Form (PTGI-SF; Cann et al., 2010) is a 10-item self-report measure of positive inner growth after a traumatic event has been experienced.”
Method
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Method
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BackgroundMethodInfluential
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“However, the majority of the published measures exhibit some theoretical and psychometric limitations, such as no examination of the construct validity (e.g., Fisher Divorce Adjustment Scale; Fisher 1977), no test of internal consistency (e.g., Adjustment Behavior Checklist; Clarke-Stewart and Bailey 1989), no assessm…”
Background
COVID-19-related changes in adolescents' daily-life social interactions and psychopathology symptomsPreprint
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“The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI; Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996) was the most frequently used measure of PTG, with some studies employing short-form or extended versions (Cann et al., 2010; Tedeschi et al., 2017).”
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“The PTGI, designed to assess positive changes resulting from adversity, was developed by Tedeschi and Calhoun (1996) based on the literature on responses to trauma and interviews with individuals dealing with crises or stressors, such as a physical handicap or the death of a child (Cann et al., 2010).”
Method
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MethodSelf-citation
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MethodInfluential
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“The number of factors was set to five because five subscales were predicted from previous studies of the development of the PTG scale [9,13,16].”
InfluentialSelf-citation
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“The models tested included the 21item five factor model (Tedeschi and Calhoun, 1996), the 10-item five factor model (Cann et al., 2010), the 18-item five factor model (Hooper et al.”
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“This scale [56] was used to measure personal growth and adjustment among fathers following the transition to parenthood [37].”
Method
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Method
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“Post traumatic growth inventory-short form (PTGI-SF: Cann et al., 2010) This 10-item questionnaire is used to assess post-traumatic growth (PTG).”
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Nie, T., Zhao, X., & Zheng, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1294224 · Cited by 9
New Groups and Post-Traumatic Growth: Experimental Evidence That Gaining Group Memberships Supports Recovery From Natural Disaster
Craig, N., Haslam, C., Cruwys, T., & Jetten, J. (2024) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/00139165241286840 · Cited by 9
“This was measured with 10 items comprising the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory Short-Form (PTGI-SF; Cann et al., 2010) adapted for the flood context (i.e., replacing all mention of “my crisis” with “the floods”).”
Influential
The Development and Protocol for Testing a Co-Created Digital Intervention (Sentinel) to Improve Mental Well-Being and Help Manage and Prevent Trauma in First Responders
Cogan, N., Kirk, A. F., & Graf, C. (2026) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/72250 · Cited by 7
“…Anxiety, and Stress Scale [80]; the Neuroception of Psychological Safety [81]; the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale [82]; the Mobile App Rating Scale [83]; the Post-Traumatic Growth Short Form [84] ; the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Version [85]; and the WHOQOL-BREF [86].”
Psychosocial influences on posttraumatic growth among university students following a mass murder.
Jaramillo, N., & Felix, E. D. (2020) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/ort0000512 · Cited by 8
The Value of Contemplative Practices: A Mixed Methods Approach Exploring Associations between Resilience and Experiences of the COVID-19 Pandemic among Older Adults
Achepohl, G., Heaney, C. A., Rosas, L. G., Moore, J. B., Rich, T., & Winter, S. J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191610224 · Cited by 11
The role of psychological flexibility in the meaning-reconstruction process in cancer: The intensive longitudinal study protocol
Kroemeke, A., Dudek, J. E., & Sobczyk‐Kruszelnicka, M. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0276049 · Cited by 11
“Daily meanings made will be measured using five items from the modified Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (C-PTGI-SF) [31].”
Method
Changes in mental health among U.S. military veterans during the COVID-19 pandemic: A network analysis
Spiller, T. R., Na, P. J., Merians, A. N., Duek, O. A., Ben‐Zion, Z., Tsai, J., von Känel, R., Harpaz‐Rotem, I., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.08.003 · Cited by 8
Posttraumatic growth during cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: Relationship to symptom change and introduction of significant other assessment
Schubert, C. F., Schmidt, U., Comteße, H., Gall-Kleebach, D. J., & Rosner, R. (2019) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2894 · Cited by 8
Examining the protective function of perceptions of post-traumatic growth against entrapment and suicidal ideation
Yasdiman, M. B., Townsend, E., & Blackie, L. E. R. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.118 · Cited by 10
Community Post-traumatic Growth: Israeli Ultra-Orthodox Coping with Coronavirus
Black, S., Trachtengot, I., & Horenczyk, G. (2022) · Contemporary Jewry · doi:10.1007/s12397-022-09422-5 · Cited by 8
Validation of an ultra-short version of the posttraumatic growth inventory in Colombian adults exposed to COVID-19
Gómez-Acosta, A., Ramos‐Vera, C., & Barón, W. S. (2022) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2022.2098415 · Cited by 6
“…& Francis Group, LLC of the original instrument to address participants in chemotherapy or military in exercise who have little time to complete it (Cann et al., 2010), the language and culture where the PTG measurement is required (Amiri et al., 2020; Aydin & Kabukçuo glu, 2020; Romeo et al.,…”
Background
Transitioning to Independent Nursing Practice during COVID-19: A Mixed Methods Study
Blanco, K., Ely, E. A., DeAlmeida, K., & Bohr, N. L. (2022) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/01939459221144178 · Cited by 8
Risk and protective factors associated with mental health status in an Italian sample of students during the fourth wave of COVID-19 pandemic
Lanfredi, M., Dagani, J., Geviti, A., Cosimo, F. D., Bussolati, M., Rillosi, L., Albini, D., Pizzi, M., Ghidoni, R., Fazzi, E. M., et al. (2023) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-023-00615-w · Cited by 9
“• Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD7, [77]) to measure anxiety symptoms; • Severity Measure for Depression—Adult (adapted from Patient Health Questionnaire—9 [PHQ-9]), and Severity Measure for Depression—Child Age11–17 [4, 5] adapted from the modified version for adolescents of PHQ-9 [38] to assess depre…”
Predictors at 6 and 12 Months for Social Participation Outcome at 24 Months in the Adult Burn Injury Population: A Burn Model System National Database Study
Deng, H., Shepler, L. J., Chacon, K., Tenney-Laperriere, D. L., Ni, P., Stewart, B. T., Carrougher, G. J., Kowalske, K. J., Wolf, S. E., Slavin, M. D., et al. (2023) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2023.06.011 · Cited by 8
Insomnia and related factors in patients with pre-existing psychiatric disorders compared to the general population during the COVID-19 lockdown: Findings from the multicentric COMET study
Dell’Osso, B. M., Viganò, C. A., Conti, D., Scarpa, C., Casati, L., Albert, U., Carmassi, C., Carrà, G., Cirulli, F., Nanni, M. G., et al. (2022) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152345 · Cited by 8
“Other validated and reliable questionnaires were used in the study: the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised version (OCI-R) [36], the Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale (SIDAS) [37], the Severity-of-AcuteStress-Symptoms-Adult scale (SASS) [38], the Impact of Event Scaleshort version (IES) [39], the Connor-Davidson…”
Exploring the Mediating Influence of Psychological Flexibility and Self-Compassion on the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Post-Traumatic Growth among Young Adults in India
Sachdeva, J., & Shukla, R. (2026) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941241302318 · Cited by 7
“The PTGI-SF demonstrates good internal consistency, typically with Cronbach ’ s alpha coef ﬁ cients ranging from 0.70 to 0.90, comparable to the complete 21-item version in terms of reliability (Cann et al., 2010).”
Influential
A type III continuous trauma perspective on the effects of increased ongoing hostility, discrimination, community violence and poverty on refugees' mental health and cognitive functioning: A longitudinal study
Kira, I. A., Alpay, E. H., Shuwiekh, H. A. M., & Türkeli, A. (2023) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.2693 · Cited by 7
Measuring Healing and Recovery After Gender-Based Violence: A Scoping Review
Šinko, L., Dubois, C., & Þorvaldsdóttir, K. B. (2024) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380241229745 · Cited by 10
Posttraumatic Growth and Continued Bonds in Fathers Receiving Bereavement Photography Following Perinatal Loss: A Mixed-Methods Study
Salvini, S., D’Souza, L., McDowell, C., & Vivekananda, K. (2024) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228241265525 · Cited by 7
“The PTGI-SF was adapted from the original Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and was evaluated by Cann et al. (2010) as having good internal validity and consistency.”
Problems and Needs Persist for Oklahoma City Bombing Survivors Many Years Later
Tucker, P. M., Pfefferbaum, B. J., Watson, K., Hester, L., & Czapla, C. S. (2021) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs11020019 · Cited by 8
“The short form of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI-S) consisted of 10 questions to measure survivors’ use of positive coping skills, such as social support, spiritual beliefs, inner strengths and others [17,18].”
Background
Antecedents and consequences of resilience among survivors of cyclone Fani
Panigrahi, G. S., & Suar, D. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03835-z · Cited by 7
“A short form of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (Cann et al., 2010) was used to assess posttraumatic growth.”
Method
The nature and content of rumination for head and neck cancer survivors
Menger, F., Deane, J., Patterson, J. M., Fisher, P., O’Hara, J., & Sharp, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.995187 · Cited by 8
“, 2022) reported that most participants had moderate to high scores on the PTG Inventory short form (Cann et al., 2010).”
Background
The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties and Prediction of Posttraumatic Consequences during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Chilean Adults
García, F. E., Vergara-Barra, P., Concha-Ponce, P., Andrades, M., Rincón, P., & Valdivia-Devia, M. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20043452 · Cited by 10
“The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, short form (PTGI-SF) [40], in the version translated and validated for the Chilean population by García and Wlodarczyk (2016) was used [41].”
Method
Stronger after the war? Resilience and posttraumatic growth among Ukrainian young refugees: the mediating role of hope
Maftei, A., & Butnariu, I. M. (2024) · Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies · doi:10.1080/17450128.2024.2389392 · Cited by 7
“We used the 10-item Posttraumatic Growth Inventory – Short version (PTGI-SF; Cann et al., 2010) to measure the perceived posttraumatic growth related to the war experience (example item: I changed my priorities about what is important in life).”
Do Direct Survivors of Terrorism Remaining in the Disaster Community Show Better Long-Term Outcome than Survivors Who Relocate?
Tucker, P. M., Pfefferbaum, B. J., Nitiéma, P., Wendling, T. L., & Brown, S. (2017) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-017-0160-5 · Cited by 8
“The reliability statistics (Cronbach α) of the PTGI-S scale and Breslau and colleagues’ PTSD screen were, respectively, 0.90 and 0.82 in this study.”
MethodInfluential
Multicentre prospective cohort study of unmet supportive care needs among patients with breast cancer throughout their cancer treatment trajectory in Penang: a PenBCNeeds Study protocol
Shariff, N. M., Azman, N., Hami, R. B., Mujar, N. M. M., & Abdullah, M. F. I. L. B. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044746 · Cited by 7
Post traumatic growth among police officials who participated in Global war on Terror in FATA (Federally Ministered Areas) Pakistan
Azeem, A., & Rauf, N. K. (2022) · Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.12669/pjms.38.3.5324 · Cited by 7
Factors Contributing to Posttraumatic Growth in Iraq and Afghanistan Combat Veterans
Hawker, M. E., & Niño, A. (2017) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2017.1341442 · Cited by 10
“Potential participants were first screened using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF; Cann et al., 2010) in order to ensure that they had experienced the phenomenon of PTG.”
MethodInfluential
A Survey Study of Spiritual Change and Related Factors Among the Surviving Loved Ones of Homicide Victims
Johnson, S. K. (2020) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260520905550 · Cited by 7
“, spiritual change, appreciation of life, relating to others, personal strength, and recognizing new possibilities) by asking respondents to indicate the degree of growth they have experienced on each item, using a 5-point scale (1 = no change, 5 = a great deal of growth; Cann et al., 2010; Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996).”
Method
The Curvilinear Association Between Posttraumatic Distress and Posttraumatic Growth Among Pellet Gun Victims: The Moderating Roles of Time Since Trauma and Age
Dar, I. A., & Iqbal, N. (2020) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22564 · Cited by 7
Psychometric properties of a revised posttraumatic growth inventory and its short form in Chinese Shidu parents
Xu, X. Y., Wen, J., Zhou, N., Shi, G., Wang, J., & Skritskaya, N. A. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01717-4 · Cited by 8
Coping with COVID-19: Survey data assessing psychological distress to COVID-19 and vaccine hesitancy with measures of theory of planned behavior, mindfulness, compassion, cultural orientation, and pandemic fatigue
Mueller, E. A., Suvanbenjakule, P., Lim, C. X., O’Brien, W. H., Chavanovanich, J., Jarukasemthawee, S., Pisitsungkagarn, K., & Suavansri, P. (2022) · Data in Brief · doi:10.1016/j.dib.2022.108390 · Cited by 7
“COVID-19 post-traumatic growth was measured using the short form of the post-traumatic growth inventory (PTGI-SF) [7] .”
Transdiagnostic mechanisms of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic on adults and families in Germany: study protocol of a cross-sectional and 1-year longitudinal study
Volkert, J., Taubner, S., Berning, A., Kling, L., Wießner, H., Georg, A. K., & Holl, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.720104 · Cited by 6
Network analysis of posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth symptoms among women in subsequent pregnancies following pregnancy loss
Shen, Q., Fu, Q., & Mao, C. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05702-6 · Cited by 6
“Second, although both the IES-6 and PTGI-SF scales have good psychometric properties in Chinese populations [19, 21], the use of simplified scales for measuring PTS and PTG symptoms may limit the comprehensiveness of symptom assessment.”
Method
Psychological profiles in patients receiving maintenance dialysis: Classification, correlates, and behavioral health outcomes
Zhang, N., Chen, Y., Yin, J., Liu, J., Liu, J., & Chen, J. (2024) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053241277978 · Cited by 6
“Posttraumatic growth was measured by the short form of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (Cann et al., 2010).”
Harnessing strengths from trauma: examining the impact of strength use on nurses’ job satisfaction, positive mental health, and thriving at work through post-traumatic growth
Bai, B., Qiao, J., & Bai, C. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-02936-x · Cited by 9
PROTOCOL: Group‐based interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the role of trauma type
Griffin, S. M., Lebedová, A., Ahern, E., McMahon, G., Bradshaw, D., & Muldoon, O. T. (2023) · Campbell Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/cl2.1328 · Cited by 8
“Posttraumatic growth is often assessed using the posttraumatic growth inventory (Cann et al., 2010; Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996).”
Method
The Development, Validity, and Reliability of a Brief Self-Report Measure of Family Resilience in Military Families
Ray, T. N., Esquivel, A. P., Stander, V. A., McMaster, H. S., Roesch, S. C., Walsh, F. W., & for the Millennium Cohort Family Study Team (2024) · Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development · doi:10.1080/07481756.2024.2321937 · Cited by 6
“Positive outlook and spirituality were assessed using the 11-item Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (Cann et al., 2010; Kaur et al., 2017).”
RISEinFAMILY project: the integration of families at neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) to empower them as primary caregivers: study protocol for a stepped wedge cluster controlled trial
Alferink, M. T., Sanz-Gadea, B. M., Cabrera‐Lafuente, M., Ergenekon, E., de Haan, T. R., van Kempen, A. A. M. W., Lakhwani, J., Rabe, H., Zaharie, G. C., & Pellicer, A. (2024) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-024-08043-7 · Cited by 7
“Posttraumatic Growth Inventory Short Form (PTGI-SF) [28] is based on the 21-item original version by Tedeschi and Calhoun [29], designed to measure the positive legacy of trauma.”
Method
Posttraumatic growth, spiritual damage, and psychosocial and mental health problems in survivors of clergy-perpetrated child sexual abuse: A mixed methods approach
Sicilia, L., Barrios, M., & Pereda, N. (2024) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106862 · Cited by 8
Men's psychological well-being during COVID-19: the moderator role of posttraumatic growth
Santos, M., Machado, A. M., Bernardo, A. C., Leite, Â. M. T., & Pereira, M. (2021) · Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.31083/jomh.2021.079 · Cited by 5
“This instrument includes five subscales, such as relating to others, new possibilities, personal strength, spiritual change, and appreciation of life [33, 34].”
Background
Development and psychometric properties of the Pandemic-Related Postpartum Stress Scale (PREPS-PP)
Levinson, A. R., Mahaffey, B., Lobel, M., & Preis, H. (2021) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1080/0167482x.2021.2013798 · Cited by 6
Perceived posttraumatic growth after interpersonal trauma and subsequent well-being among young Colombian adults: A longitudinal analysis
Chen, Z. J., Bechara, A. O., Cowden, R. G., & Worthington, E. L. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.993609 · Cited by 6
Growing amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: The interplay among transformational leadership in government, public trust, and posttraumatic growth
Yang, H. M., Tong, K. K., Chen, J. H., Yu, E. W., & Wu, A. M. S. (2023) · Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology · doi:10.1177/18344909221146254 · Cited by 7
“…new possibilities in one ’ s life), personal strength (i.e., improved/strengthened willpower and competence), spiritual change (i.e., heightened spiritual experiences and deeper spiritual thinking), and appreciation for life (i.e., having/showing greater appreciation of life; Cann et al., 2010).”
BackgroundMethod
Post-traumatic growth in PhD students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Tu, A. K., Haney, J. R., O’Neill, K., Swaminathan, A., Choi, K. W., Lee, H., Smoller, J. W., Patel, V., Barreira, P. J., Liu, C. H., et al. (2023) · Psychiatry Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.psycom.2023.100104 · Cited by 9
Morally injurious events among aid workers: examining the indirect effect of negative cognitions and self-care in associations with mental health indicators
Dewar, M., Paradis, A., & Brillon, P. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1171629 · Cited by 10
“The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF; Cann et al., 2010) measures the degree to which participants experience positive changes in their lives in the aftermath of adversity.”
Background

Authors: Cann, A., Calhoun, L. G., Tedeschi, R. G., Taku, K., Vishnevsky, T., Triplett, K. N., & Danhauer, S. C.
Affiliations: University of North Carolina at Charlotte (US)
Oakland University (US)
Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
Corresponding author: Cann, Arnie
ORCID: Tedeschi, Richard G.
Taku, Kanako
Triplett, Kelli N.
Danhauer, Suzanne C.
Venue: Anxiety, Stress, & Coping
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2010-02-03
Volume: 23
Issue: 2
Pages: 127-137
ISSN: 1061-5806 (ISSN-L)
1477-2205
DOI: 10.1080/10615800903094273
OpenAlex: W2148700339
Cited by: 789
References: 25
Citations by year: 2026: 72 · 2025: 84 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 111 · 2022: 97 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 4.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Anxiety Stress & Coping (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
Keywords: Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, short-form scale, posttraumatic growth, item selection, factor structure, bereaved parents, response order effects, psychometric validation
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bereavement, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Leukemia, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Psychological Tests, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Domestic Violence, Young Adult

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A short form of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory

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