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A short form of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory
Abstract
A short form of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI-SF) is described. A sample of 1351 adults who had completed the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) in previous studies provided the basis for item selection. The resulting 10-item form includes two items from each of the five subscales of the original PTGI, selected on the basis of loadings on the original factors and breadth of item content. A separate sample of 186 completed the short form of the scale (PTGI-SF). Confirmatory factor analyses on both data sets demonstrated a five-factor structure for the PTGI-short form (PTGI-SF) equivalent to that of the PTGI. Three studies of homogenous clinical samples (bereaved parents, intimate partner violence victims, and acute leukemia patients) demonstrated that the PTGI-SF yields relationships with other variables of interest that are equivalent to those found using the original form of the PTGI. A final study demonstrated that administering the 10 short-form items in a random order, rather than in the fixed context of the original scale, did not impact the performance of the PTGI-SF. Overall, these results indicate that the PTGI-SF could be substituted for the PTGI with little loss of information.
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“The Post‐Traumatic Growth Inventory‐ Short Form (PTGI‐SF; Cann et al., 2010) measures the degree to which a person feels that they have achieved positive growth following a traumatic event”
From Parenthood during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Post‐traumatic growth amongst university students (2023) · cites this paper as Cann et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“The internal consistency coefficient of the questionnaire is.86 -.89 (66).”
From Ayahuasca-assisted meaning reconstruction therapy for grief: a non-randomized clinical trial protocol (2025) · cites this paper as [66]
In the citing paper
“The PTGI can be substituted by the PTGI-SF with little loss of information [56].”
In the citing paper
“The questionnaire has shown good psychometric properties [43].”
From A web-based self-help intervention for partners of cancer patients based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: a protocol of a randomized controlled trial. (2015) · cites this paper as [43]
Citations
Cites
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“…of the themes captured by the PTGI was originally based on positive changes reported in the literature by individuals experiencing traumatic events (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996), and the final five-factor structure of the inventory has been replicated in different populations (Morris,…”
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Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.001.0001 · Cited by 1,160
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Triplett, K. N., Tedeschi, R. G., Cann, A., Calhoun, L. G., & Reeve, C. L. (2012) · Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy · doi:10.1037/a0024204 · Cited by 449
Self-citationPsychological interventions to foster resilience in healthcare professionals
Kunzler, A. M., Helmreich, I., Chmitorz, A., König, J., Binder, H., Wessa, M., & Lieb, K. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012527.pub2 · Cited by 390
Fiorillo, A., Sampogna, G., Giallonardo, V., Vecchio, V. D., Luciano, M., Albert, U., Carmassi, C., Carrà, G., Cirulli, F., Dell’Osso, B. M., et al. (2020) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.89 · Cited by 382
“Higher scores indicate higher levels of post-traumatic growth [61].”
BackgroundGiallonardo, V., Sampogna, G., Del Vecchio, V., Luciano, M., Albert, U., Carmassi, C., Carrà, G., Cirulli, F., Dell’Osso, B., Nanni, M. G., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00533 · Cited by 250
Tsai, J., El-Gabalawy, R. M., Sledge, W. H., Southwick, S. M., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291714001202 · Cited by 251
“The PTGI-SF (Cann et al. 2010) is a 10-item validated instrument that assesses perceptions of positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with challenging life circumstances.”
BackgroundItzhaki, M., Bortz, A. P., Kostistky, H., Barnoy, D., Filshtinsky, V., & Bluvstein, I. (2015) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.12151 · Cited by 237
Vázquez, C., Valiente, C., García, F. E., Contreras, A., Peinado, V., Trucharte, A., & Bentall, R. P. (2021) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-020-00352-3 · Cited by 217
Teodorescu, D., Siqveland, J., Heir, T., Hauff, E., Wentzel‐Larsen, T., & Lien, L. (2012) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-10-84 · Cited by 180
“The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory Short Form (PTGI-SF) is a 10-item self-report scale [111] derived from the 21-item PTGI scale [7].”
MethodLi, Y., Qiao, Y., Luan, X., Li, S., & Wang, K. (2019) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/ecc.12984 · Cited by 151
Relationships among perceived psychological growth, resilience and burnout in physicians
Taku, K. (2013) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.11.003 · Cited by 146
Self-citationBeyond the Adoption Order: challenges, interventions and adoption disruption
Selwyn, J., Wijedasa, D., & Meakings, S. (2014) · Digital Education Resource Archive (University College London) · Cited by 118
Brooks, M., Graham‐Kevan, N., Robinson, S. J., & Lowe, M. S. (2018) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000372 · Cited by 138
Schubert, C. F., Schmidt, U., & Rosner, R. (2016) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.1985 · Cited by 127
Tsai, J., Sippel, L. M., Mota, N. P., Southwick, S. M., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2015) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22371 · Cited by 121
Prati, G., & Pietrantoni, L. (2012) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2012.734203 · Cited by 116
Liu, Y., Li, Y., Chen, L.-J., Li, Y., Qi, W., & Yu, L. (2018) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.4668 · Cited by 101
“The properties of PTGI‐SF are well documented.(24) In this study, the Chinese version of PTGI‐SF has acceptable internal consistency, and Cronbach α for the whole scale was .”
Brooks, M., Graham‐Kevan, N., Lowe, M., & Robinson, S. J. (2017) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12138 · Cited by 105
Salsman, J. M., Garcia, S. F., Yanez, B. R., Sanford, S. D., Snyder, M. A., & Victorson, D. E. (2014) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.28739 · Cited by 90
“General psychological adjustment was assessed by 2 psychometrically sound measures: the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-18)(26) and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory–Short Form (PTGI-SF).(27,28) The MHI-18 is a measure of general distress over the past 4 weeks and includes subscales of depression, anxiety, and positive…”
MethodDevelopment and Psychometric Evaluation of a Revised Sense of Coherence Scale
Bachem, R., & Maercker, A. R. A. (2016) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000323 · Cited by 86
Posttraumatic growth among health care workers on the frontlines of the COVID-19 pandemic
Feingold, J. H., Hurtado, A., Feder, A., Peccoralo, L. A., Southwick, S. M., Ripp, J., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.032 · Cited by 93
“The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (Cann et al., 2010) was used to assess pandemic-related PTG at W2 (α=0.”
MethodInfluentialCentering at the Margins: Critical Community Resilience Praxis
Atallah, D. G., Bacigalupe, G., & Repetto, P. B. (2019) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022167818825305 · Cited by 96
Family functioning and posttraumatic growth among parents and youth following wildfire disasters.
Felix, E. D., Afifi, T. D., Kia‐Keating, M., Brown, L. G., Afifi, W. A., & Reyes, G. (2015) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/ort0000054 · Cited by 92
Correlates of posttraumatic growth in adult sexual assault victims.
Ullman, S. E. (2014) · Traumatology An International Journal · doi:10.1037/h0099402 · Cited by 86
Post-traumatic growth in the military: a systematic review
Mark, K. M., Stevelink, S. A. M., Choi, J., & Fear, N. T. (2018) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oemed-2018-105166 · Cited by 96
Eisma, M. C., Lenferink, L. I. M., Stroebe, M., Boelen, P. A., & Schut, H. A. W. (2019) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2019.1584293 · Cited by 87
“Posttraumatic growth was assessed with the 10-item Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PGI-SF: Cann et al., 2010).”
MethodReliability and Validity of a French Version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory
Cadell, S., Suarez, E. B., & Hemsworth, D. (2015) · Open Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.4236/ojmp.2015.42006 · Cited by 91
“A similar factor structure was confirmed in the shortened ten item version (PTGI-SF) [22].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialShoji, K., Bock, J., Cieślak, R., Żukowska, K., Łuszczyńska, A., & Benight, C. C. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22070 · Cited by 89
“These included (a) the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (αs = .91 for T1 and .93 for T2); (b) the Secondary Trauma Self-Efficacy Scale (αs = .89 for T1 and .88 for T2); (c) the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (α = .96 for both T1 and T2); and (d) a modified version of the Posttraumatic Growth Invent…”
Bellet, B. W., Jones, P. J., Neimeyer, R. A., & McNally, R. J. (2018) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702618777454 · Cited by 79
Peters, J., Bellet, B. W., Jones, P. J., Wu, G. W. Y., Wang, L., & McNally, R. J. (2021) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102359 · Cited by 70
Muscara, F., Burke, K., McCarthy, M. C., Anderson, V. A., Hearps, S. J., Hearps, S. J., Dimovski, A., & Nicholson, J. M. (2015) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0519-5 · Cited by 69
Lee, D. Y., Yu, E., & Kim, N. H. (2020) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2019.1704563 · Cited by 86
“A short form of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI-SF) was adopted in the current study (Cann et al., 2010), using 10 items to assess degrees of relating to others, new possibilities, personal strength, spiritual change, and appreciation of life, without losing the validity of the original…”
MethodWłodarczyk, A., Basabe, N., Páez, D., Reyes, C., Villagrán, L., Orozco, C. M., Sañudo, J. E. P., & Martínez‐Sánchez, F. (2016) · Cross-Cultural Research · doi:10.1177/1069397116663857 · Cited by 76
“Ten items corresponding to the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory–Short Form (Cann et al., 2010) were used to assess individual growth.”
MethodSampogna, G., Del Vecchio, V., Giallonardo, V., Luciano, M., Albert, U., Carmassi, C., Carrà, G., Cirulli, F., Dell’Osso, B., Menculini, G., et al. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11091231 · Cited by 67
“…of Event Scale—short version (IES) [69]; the UCLA loneliness scale—short version [70]; the short form of Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) [71]; the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPPS) [72] and (only for health-care professionals) the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)…”
MethodNishi, D., Kawashima, Y., Noguchi, H., Usuki, M., Yamashita, A., Koido, Y., & Matsuoka, Y. (2016) · Journal of Occupational Health · doi:10.1539/joh.16-0002-oa · Cited by 72
Cieślak, R., Benight, C., Rogala, A., Smoktunowicz, E., Kowalska, M., Żukowska, K., Yeager, C., & Luszczynska, A. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01009 · Cited by 60
Miller, K. A., Wojcik, K. Y., Ramirez, C. N., Ritt-Olson, A., Freyer, D. R., Hamilton, A. S., & Milam, J. E. (2016) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.26209 · Cited by 67
Features of Prolonged Grief Symptoms in Chinese and Swiss Bereaved Parents
Xiu, D., Maercker, A., Woynar, S., Geirhofer, B., Yang, Y., & Jia, X. (2016) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000539 · Cited by 64
Secondary trauma self-efficacy: Concept and its measurement.
Cieślak, R., Shoji, K., Łuszczyńska, A., Taylor, S., Maj, A., & Benight, C. C. (2013) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0032687 · Cited by 64
Weber, M. C., Pavlacic, J. M., Gawlik, E. A., Schulenberg, S. E., & Buchanan, E. M. (2020) · Traumatology · doi:10.1037/trm0000210 · Cited by 62
Pet Loss: Understanding Disenfranchised Grief, Memorial Use, and Posttraumatic Growth
Spain, B., O’Dwyer, L., & Moston, S. J. (2019) · Anthrozoös · doi:10.1080/08927936.2019.1621545 · Cited by 80
“By comparison, Cann et al. (2010b) used the PTGI-SF to assess posttraumatic growth following a variety of traumatic events (e.g., death of a loved one, divorce, medical issues, and assault), finding that respondents experienced a moderate amount of posttraumatic growth.”
InfluentialYu, Y., Yu, Y., & Hu, J. (2021) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105321990819 · Cited by 67
“The short form of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI-SF) (Cann et al., 2010) is a 10-item measure of positive changes for those who have experienced adverse or traumatic events.”
BackgroundInfluentialKaler, M. E., Erbes, C. R., Tedeschi, R. G., Arbisi, P. A., & Polusny, M. A. (2011) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20623 · Cited by 73
“These models are analogous to those supported in previous confirmatory factor analyses of the PTGI (Linley et al., 2007; Taku et al, 2008) and those inspected in the PTGI-SF development article (Cann et al., 2009).”
MethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationUllman, S. E., & Relyea, M. (2016) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22143 · Cited by 72
“…variables—at T1: age, education, years since assault, income, number of adult assaults on the SES-R, and posttraumatic growth (10-item PTGI-S; Cann et al., 2010); at all timepoints: assault disclosure and desire to participate in future surveys (each scored: no/yes at any timepoint),…”
BackgroundMethodStawicki, S. P., Paladino, L., Sharpe, R., Galwankar, S., Sholevar, F., Marchionni, C., Papadimos, T. J., Paul, E., Hansoti, B., Firstenberg, M. S., et al. (2017) · Journal of Global Infectious Diseases · doi:10.4103/jgid.jgid_24_17 · Cited by 65
Posttraumatic growth in bereaved parents: A multidimensional model of associated factors.
Albuquerque, S., Narciso, I. D. S. B., & Pereira, M. (2017) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000305 · Cited by 70
“The PTGI-SF (Cann et al., 2010) assesses perceived positive outcomes of traumatic or stressful events on the following five subscales: personal strength, spiritual change, relating to others, appreciation of life, and new possibilities.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPietrzak, R., Tsai, J., & Southwick, S. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.4972 · Cited by 53
Paths From Trauma to Intrapersonal Strength: Worldview, Posttraumatic Growth, and Wisdom
Webster, J. D., & Deng, X. (2014) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2014.932207 · Cited by 72
Correlates of Cognitive Flexibility in Veterans Seeking Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Keith, J. A., Velezmoro, R., & O’Brien, C. (2015) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000280 · Cited by 67
“The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory–Short Form (PTGI- SF; Cann et al., 2010) is a short form of a measure that assesses positive psychological changes after traumatic events.”
BackgroundInfluentialDew, M. A., DiMartini, A. F., Ladner, D. P., Simpson, M. A., Pomfret, E. A., Gillespie, B. W., Merion, R. M., Zee, J., Smith, A. R., Holtzman, S., et al. (2016) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/tp.0000000000001144 · Cited by 58
Trauma and Trust: How War Exposure Shapes Social and Institutional Trust Among Refugees
Hall, J., & Werner, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.786838 · Cited by 70
The four faces of rumination to stressful events: A psychometric analysis.
García, F. E., Duque, A., & Félix Cova, S. (2017) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000289 · Cited by 63
Lamela, D. J. P. D. V., Figueiredo, B., Bastos, A., & Martins, H. (2013) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000161 · Cited by 61
“CFA identified a clear replication of the oblique five-factor structure of the PTGI-SF empirically tested by Cann et al. (2010) and Kaler et al. (2011).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialLee, J., Blackmon, B. J., Lee, J. Y., Cochran, D. M., & Rehner, T. A. (2019) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22125 · Cited by 47
Milam, J. E., Meeske, K., Slaughter, R. I., Sherman‐Bien, S., Ritt‐Olson, A., Kuperberg, A., Freyer, D. R., & Hamilton, A. S. (2014) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.29105 · Cited by 55
“The Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) short form is a 10-item measure of personal growth experienced by individuals who have experienced a traumatic event: in this case, cancer.(30) Items reflect different areas of growth, including relating to others, new possibilities, personal strength, spiritual change, and a…”
BackgroundVeronese, G., Pepe, A., Massaiu, I., Mol, A.-S. D., & Robbins, I. (2017) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1363461517706288 · Cited by 67
“The present study adopted a shortened form of the PTGI composed of 10 items loading on five factors (Cann et al., 2010).”
MethodMagnitude of Problematic Anger and Its Predictors in the Millennium Cohort
Adler, A. B., LeardMann, C. A., Roenfeldt, K. A., Jacobson, I. G., Forbes, D., & for the Millennium Cohort Study Team (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09206-2 · Cited by 55
Fekih-Romdhane, F., Fawaz, M., Hallit, R., Sawma, T., Obeid, S., & Hallit, S. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04937-z · Cited by 62
“The 10-item scale was used in this study [74].”
MethodKillian, K., Hernandez-Wolfe, P., Engstrom, D., & Gangsei, D. (2017) · Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000199 · Cited by 54
“The VRS, a demographic questionnaire, the 10-item Posttraumatic Growth Inventory Short Form (PTGI-SF; Cann et al., 2010), and the Professional Quality of Life scale (Pro-QOL III; Stamm, 2003) tapping compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction and burnout (e.g., “I avoid certain activities or…”
MethodPark, C. L., & Cho, D. (2016) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.4145 · Cited by 53
A Pilot Study of a Moral Injury Group Intervention Co‐Facilitated by a Chaplain and Psychologist
Cenkner, D. P., Yeomans, P. D., Antal, C. J., & Scott, J. C. (2020) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22642 · Cited by 57
Morar, C., Tiba, A., Basarin, B., Vujičić, M. D., Valjarević, A., Niemets, L., Gessert, A., Jovanović, T. S., Drugas, M. I., Grama, V., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182111169 · Cited by 51
Blix, I., Hansen, M. B., Birkeland, M. S., Nissen, A., & Heir, T. (2013) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-11-160 · Cited by 57
Grineski, S. E., Flores, A. B., Collins, T. W., & Chakraborty, J. (2019) · Disasters · doi:10.1111/disa.12368 · Cited by 51
Long, L. J., Bistricky, S. L., Phillips, C. A., D’Souza, J. M., Richardson, A. L., Lai, B. S., Short, M. B., & Gallagher, M. W. (2020) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22555 · Cited by 57
Therapists’ resilience and posttraumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Doorn, K. A., Békés, V., Luo, X., Prout, T. A., & Hoffman, L. (2021) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0001097 · Cited by 62
Psychosocial correlates of posttraumatic growth among U.S. young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic
Hyun, S., Wong, G. T. F., Levy-Carrick, N. C., Charmaraman, L., Cozier, Y., Yip, T., Hahm, H. “., & Liu, C. H. (2021) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114035 · Cited by 56
“Outcome PTG was assessed using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) short form (Cann et al., 2010).”
MethodThe impact of COVID‐19 pandemic‐related stress experienced by Australian nurses
Aggar, C., Samios, C., Penman, O., Whiteing, N. L., Massey, D. L., Rafferty, R., Bowen, K., & Stephens, A. S. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.12938 · Cited by 51
What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger: A national study of U.S. military veterans
Tsai, J., Mota, N. P., Southwick, S. M., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.076 · Cited by 51
Kuwert, P., Glaesmer, H., Eichhorn, S., Grundke, E., Pietrzak, R. H., Freyberger, H. J., & Klauer, T. (2014) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0272-8 · Cited by 57
“We used a 5-item modified short form (PTGI-SF) (Cann et al., 2010), which is comprised of items with the highest power on each subscale in the German validation of the PTGI.”
Posttraumatic Growth as Protection Against Suicidal Ideation After Deployment and Combat Exposure
Bush, N. E., Skopp, N. A., McCann, R. A., & Luxton, D. D. (2011) · Military Medicine · doi:10.7205/milmed-d-11-00018 · Cited by 51
Włodarczyk, A., Basabe, N., Páez, D., Amutio, A., García, F. E., Reyes, C., & Villagrán, L. (2015) · European Journal of Education and Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ejeps.2015.08.001 · Cited by 65
Taubman–Ben-Ari, O., Findler, L., & Sharon, N. (2011) · Women & Health · doi:10.1080/03630242.2011.614324 · Cited by 57
“The systematic instrument was designed following a review of the literature on responses to trauma and interviews with individuals dealing with various major crises or stressors, such as becoming physically handicapped or the death of a child ( Cann et al, 2010 ), and is based on the assumption that contending with hi…”
BackgroundMethodPalgi, Y. (2015) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2015.1047320 · Cited by 53
“PTG was assessed by the posttraumatic growth inventory-short form (PTGI-SF, Cann et al., 2010).”
MethodDew, M. A., Butt, Z. A., Liu, Q., Simpson, M. A., Zee, J., Ladner, D. P., Holtzman, S., Smith, A. R., Pomfret, E. A., Merion, R. M., et al. (2017) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/tp.0000000000001942 · Cited by 49
Chen, X.-Y., Liu, X., Shi, X., Chen, H., & Fan, F. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.09.021 · Cited by 48
Ebrahim, M. T., & Alothman, A. A. (2021) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103943 · Cited by 60
Mühlemann, N. S., Steffens, N. K., Ullrich, J., Haslam, S. A., & Jonas, K. W. (2022) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspi0000386 · Cited by 49
Zhang, Z., Leong Bin Abdullah, M. F. I., Shari, N. I., & Lu, P. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0267887 · Cited by 46
Köhle, N., Drossaert, C. H. C., ten Klooster, P. M., Schreurs, K. M. G., Hagedoorn, M., Van Uden-Kraan, C. F., Verdonck-de Leeuw, I. M., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2021) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-021-06051-w · Cited by 45
“Posttraumatic growth—referring to positive experiences as a result of a traumatic event—was measured with the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory Short-Form (PTGI-SF; 10 items; range 0–50) [32].”
MethodExpressive writing and posttraumatic growth: an internet-based study
Stockton, H., Joseph, S., & Hunt, N. (2014) · Traumatology An International Journal · doi:10.1037/h0099377 · Cited by 46
Landi, G., Pakenham, K. I., Mattioli, E., Crocetti, E., Agostini, A., Grandi, S., & Tossani, E. (2022) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.08.008 · Cited by 59
“…levels of PTG in the overall sample, the mean levels of PTG reported in this study – i.e., 14.86 (SD = 12.86) and 11.23 (SD = 9.12) at Time 1 and Time 2, respectively – are lower than the mean PTG reported in another study that used the PTGI-SF (i.e., M = 17.54, SD = 12.54) (Celdrán et al., 2021).”
InfluentialIntegrative Testimonial Therapy
Knaevelsrud, C., Böttche, M., Pietrzak, R. H., Freyberger, H. J., Renneberg, B., & Kuwert, P. (2014) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000178 · Cited by 44
“In this study, the authors used a five-item short form of the PTGI (Cann et al., 2010), using the items with the factor loadings on each subscale in the Germanvalidation of the PTGI (Maercker and Langner, 2001).”
MethodDar, I. A., & Iqbal, N. (2020) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2932 · Cited by 55
Leong Abdullah, M. F. I., Nik Jaafar, N. R., Zakaria, H., Rajandram, R. K., Mahadevan, R., Mohamad Yunus, M. R., & Shah, S. A. (2015) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.3740 · Cited by 44
Post-traumatic Growth and Resilience among American Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Luo, C. Y., Santos-Malave, G., Taku, K., Katz, C. L., & Yanagisawa, R. T. (2022) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-022-09981-8 · Cited by 49
“Post-traumatic growth is defined as the set of positive changes that individuals report in the aftermath of traumatic or highly stressful events [15, 16].”
BackgroundSelf-citationElam, T., & Taku, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.825161 · Cited by 60
Self-citationSpanish Adaptation and Validation of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory–Short Form
Castro, M. C., Barrientos, J., Alvarado, E. R., & Páez, D. (2015) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00165 · Cited by 48
Posttraumatic growth in students, crime survivors and trauma workers exposed to adversity
Brooks, M., Lowe, M., Graham‐Kevan, N., & Robinson, S. J. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.051 · Cited by 54
“Posttraumatic Growth Inventory — Short Form ( PTGI-SF ; Cann et al., 2010).”
InfluentialPredictors of posttraumatic growth in a multiwar sample of U.S. Combat veterans.
Hijazi, A. M., Keith, J. A., & O’Brien, C. (2015) · Peace and Conflict Journal of Peace Psychology · doi:10.1037/pac0000077 · Cited by 46
Greenberg, J. M., Tsai, J., Southwick, S. M., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.077 · Cited by 56
Psychometric Properties of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory–Short Form Among Chilean Adults
García, F. E., & Włodarczyk, A. (2015) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2015.1108788 · Cited by 44
Psychological growth after childbirth: an exploratory prospective study
Nishi, D., & Usuda, K. (2016) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1080/0167482x.2016.1233170 · Cited by 43
“Here, we used the PTGI-SF [17], which consists of 10 items, with 0–5 points scored per item for a potential scale score of 0–50.”
MethodInfluentialThe role of the natural environment in disaster recovery: “We live here because we love the bush”
Block, K., Molyneaux, R., Gibbs, L. F., Alkemade, N., Baker, E., MacDougall, C., Ireton, G., & Forbes, D. (2019) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.03.007 · Cited by 43
Włodarczyk, A., Basabe, N., Páez, D., Villagrán, L., & Reyes, C. (2017) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2017.1297657 · Cited by 46
Traumatic Childbirth and Its Aftermath: Is There Anything Positive?
Beck, C. T., Watson, S., & Gable, R. K. (2018) · The Journal of Perinatal Education · doi:10.1891/1058-1243.27.3.175 · Cited by 52
Menculini, G., Albert, U., Bianchini, V., Carmassi, C., Carrà, G., Cirulli, F., Dell’Osso, B. M., Fabrazzo, M., Perris, F., Sampogna, G., et al. (2021) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2263 · Cited by 48
Curtis, K., Hitzig, S., Bechsgaard, G., Stoliker, C., Alton, C., Saunders, N., Leong, N., & Katz, J. (2017) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s130530 · Cited by 40
“84).(85,86) The PTGI-SF has good concurrent validity; scores on the PTGI-SF are negatively correlated with scores on measures of depression and positively correlated with scores on measures of QoL and resilience.”
Miron, L. R., Orcutt, H. K., & Kumpula, M. J. (2014) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2014.07.005 · Cited by 55
“Totalmean T2 PTGI scores were calculated and the internal consistency estimate was good (α = .90).”
Tsai, J., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2017) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12800 · Cited by 50
Metadata
- Authors
- Cann, A., Calhoun, L. G., Tedeschi, R. G., Taku, K., Vishnevsky, T., Triplett, K. N., & Danhauer, S. C.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte (US)
- Oakland University (US)
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cann, Arnie
- Venue
- Anxiety, Stress, & Coping
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2010-02-03
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 127-137
- ISSN
- 1061-5806 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-2205
- OpenAlex
- W2148700339
- Cited by
- 789
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 72 · 2025: 84 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 111 · 2022: 97 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Anxiety Stress & Coping (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Keywords
- Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, short-form scale, posttraumatic growth, item selection, factor structure, bereaved parents, response order effects, psychometric validation
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bereavement, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Leukemia, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Psychological Tests, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Domestic Violence, Young Adult
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