Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 313

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 122 of the 122 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Occurrence, Transformation, and Fate of Antibiotics in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Zhang, Tong, Li, Bing·2011·Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

Abstract

Occurrence, transformation, and fate of antibiotics in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are becoming an emerging environmental research area. As pseudopersistent pollutants, antibiotics belonging to 6 classes (i.e., β-lactams, sulfonamides, quinolones, tetracyclines, macrolides, and others) have been frequently detected in sewage, activated sludge, digested sludge, and effluents. The authors summarized the latest information on occurrence, transformation, and fate of antibiotics in WWTPs based on more than 90 papers published in the past 8 years. The results show that extensive researches on antibiotics occurrence have been conducted mainly in East Asia, North America, Europe, and Australia. Adsorption, biodegradation, disinfection, and membrane separation were the dominant removal routes for antibiotic in different wastewater treatment processes of WWTPs. Many antibiotics cannot be removed completely in wastewater treatment processes and would enter into environment via effluent and sludge.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/10643380903392692

Cites

122 of 122 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 122 references

Cited by

See all 313

Metadata

Authors
Zhang, T., & Li, B.
Venue
Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology
Published
2011-04-26
Volume
41
Issue
11
Pages
951-998
ISSN
  • 1064-3389 (ISSN-L)
  • 1547-6537
OpenAlex
W2066299906
Cited by
313
References
122
FWCI
10.24
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Occurrence, Transformation, and Fate of Antibiotics in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/10643380903392692
The paper
Zhang, T., & Li, B. (2011). Occurrence, Transformation, and Fate of Antibiotics in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380903392692

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.