Pretreatments of lignocellulosic biomass for biohydrogen biorefinery: Recent progress, techno-economic feasibility and prospectives
Abstract
Dark fermentation (DF) of lignocellulosic biomass (LB) is expected to play a critical role in building a green hydrogen supply chain toward the carbon-neutral society. Due to its inherent recalcitrance, biomass demands pretreatment to increase its digestibility. Various pretreatment techniques have been extensively investigated to improve the digestibility of feedstocks. However, no systematic review of pretreatment to promote biohydrogen fermentation has been conducted. Besides, studies analyzing the economic feasibility of pretreatment technologies are lacking. The aim of this review is to analyze the current pretreatment techniques and research results based on different driving forces. Intense thermochemical pretreatment dissolves lignin and hemicellulose and forms various inhibitors that interfere with the physiological and metabolic functions of the microbiota. Moreover, the issues related to the detoxification methods of inhibitors and their impacts on biomass fermentation were highlighted. The possibility of bioaugmentation of hydrogen-producing microflora with genetically engineered or naturally resistant bacteria may serve to be an effective in situ detoxification protocol. Moreover, the recycling techniques related to pretreatment were also discussed. Black liquor is a huge carbon reservoir with great potential to produce products such as biohydrogen and the value-added products generated will help reduce the environmental degradation caused by black liquor. Furthermore, the technical and economic viability of the current pretreatment methods and the prospects were also discussed. Increased costs related with buffering, reduced productivity and energy efficacy are critical factors contributing to the costs of bio-H2 production. For every 20% increase in H2 yield, production costs are decreased by 8%.
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Effective conversion often requires feedstock preprocessing steps, such as mechanical shredding or milling, to improve handling efficiency.
“Effective conversion often requires feedstock preprocessing steps, such as mechanical shredding or milling, to improve handling efficiency [129-131].”
From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [129]
For recalcitrant feedstocks like lignocellulosic biomass, additional pre-treatments are crucial to break down complex structures for biochemical conversion.
“For recalcitrant feedstocks like lignocellulosic biomass, additional pre-treatments are crucial to break down complex structures for biochemical conversion [129,130].”
From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [129]
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- Authors
- Zhao, Z.-T., Ding, J., Pang, J.-W., Bao, M.-Y., Luo, G., Wang, B.-Y., Liu, B.-F., Zhang, L.-Y., Ren, N.-Q., & Yang, S.-S.
- Affiliations
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology (CN)
- Harbin Corner Science and Technology Inc
- Yancheng Institute of Technology (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Ding, Jie
- Yang, Shan-Shan
- Venue
- Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2025-04
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 1070-1096
- ISSN
- 1064-3389 (ISSN-L)
- 1547-6537
- OpenAlex
- W4409175582
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 128
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 10
- FWCI
- 8.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Key Research and Development Project of Heilongjiang Province of China (2022ZX02C14)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (52170073)
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (2021TS03)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Keywords
- lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment, dark fermentation, biohydrogen production, lignocellulose recalcitrance, thermochemical pretreatment, lignin and hemicellulose removal, fermentation inhibitors, detoxification, bioaugmentation, engineered bacteria, black liquor, biorefinery, techno-economic feasibility, production costs
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