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Cited by 39Psychometric Methodologies and TestingChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentStatistical Methods and Bayesian Inference

Longitudinal Dynamic Analyses of Depression and Academic Achievement in the Hawaiian High Schools Health Survey Using Contemporary Latent Variable Change Models

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McArdle, John J., Hamagami, Fumiaki, Chang, Janice Y., Hishinuma, Earl S.·2014·Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal
DOI 10.1080/10705511.2014.919824PMC PMC4293544
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Abstract

The scientific literature consistently supports a negative relationship between adolescent depression and educational achievement, but we are certainly less sure on the causal determinants for this robust association. In this article we present multivariate data from a longitudinal cohort-sequential study of high school students in Hawai‘i (following McArdle, 2008; McArdle, Johnson, Hishinuma, Miyamoto, & Andrade, 2001). We first describe the full set of data on academic achievements and self-reported depression. We then carry out and present a progression of analyses in an effort to determine the accuracy, size, and direction of the dynamic relationships among depression and academic achievement, including gender and ethnic group differences. We apply 3 recently available forms of longitudinal data analysis: (a) Dealing with incomplete data—We apply these methods to cohort-sequential data with relatively large blocks of data that are incomplete for a variety of reasons (Little & Rubin, 1987; McArdle & Hamagami, 1992). (b) Ordinal measurement models (Muthén & Muthén, 2006)—We use a variety of statistical and psychometric measurement models, including ordinal measurement models, to help clarify the strongest patterns of influence. (c) Dynamic structural equation models (DSEMs; McArdle, 2008). We found the DSEM approach taken here was viable for a large amount of data, the assumption of an invariant metric over time was reasonable for ordinal estimates, and there were very few group differences in dynamic systems. We conclude that our dynamic evidence suggests that depression affects academic achievement, and not the other way around. We further discuss the methodological implications of the study.

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  • In Hawaiian secondary students, self-reported depressive symptoms resulted in subsequent poor academic achievement.

    “A longitudinal study of Hawaiian secondary school students showed that self-reported depressive symptoms resulted in subsequent poor academic achievement (Kessler, 2012;McArdle, Hamagami, Chang, & Hishinuma, 2014).”

    From The impact of stress on students in secondary school and higher education (2020) · cites this paper as McArdle, Hamagami, Chang, & Hishinuma, 2014

    The Results (Bivariate Dynamic Latent Change Models; Group Differences in Linear Dynamic Models; page unavailable) report that higher depressive symptoms preceded larger declines in GPA among Hawaiian high-school students. But the directional effect was significant in the ordinal model, not the interval-scaled model, and the Discussion notes limitations of causal inference. Saying symptoms definitively “resulted in” poor achievement overstates the finding. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Authors
McArdle, J. J., Hamagami, F., Chang, J. Y., & Hishinuma, E. S.
Affiliations
  • University of Southern California (US)
  • Hawaii Department of Health (US)
  • University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
Corresponding author
McArdle, John J.
Venue
Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2014-08-08
Volume
21
Issue
4
Pages
608-629
ISSN
  • 1070-5511 (ISSN-L)
  • 1532-8007
DOI
10.1080/10705511.2014.919824
PMC
PMC4293544
OpenAlex
W2003805461
Cited by
39
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2012: 1
FWCI
3.37
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U49CE000749)
  • University of Hawai'i at Mānoa
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R24MH057079)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
Keywords
adolescent depression, academic performance, high school students, dynamic structural equation models, longitudinal analysis, missing data, gender differences, ethnic differences, causal direction

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