Relation between cognitive and behavioral strategies and future change in common mental health problems across 18 years.

Zainal, Nur Hani; Newman, Michelle G.

doi:10.1037/abn0000428

Cited by 45Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentOptimism, Hope, and Well-being

Relation between cognitive and behavioral strategies and future change in common mental health problems across 18 years.

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Zainal, Nur Hani, Newman, Michelle G.·2019·Journal of Abnormal Psychology

DOI 10.1037/abn0000428PMC PMC6707366

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Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and panic disorder (PD), constitute common mental disorders that may have chronic and disabling courses. Cognitive and behavioral theories posit that lack of engagement in certain strategies (goal persistence, self-mastery, positive reappraisal) increases vulnerability toward these disorders. Further, scar effect theories assert that experiencing more of these disorders may diminish engagement in such strategies within individuals across time. However, dynamic longitudinal associations between cognitive-behavioral strategies (CBS) and disorder counts across adulthood are not well understood. Using bivariate latent difference score models, this study aimed to test the dynamic trajectories between disorder counts and each CBS across 18 years. Participants were 3,294 community-dwelling adults ages 45.62 years (SD = 11.41, range = 20-74; 54.61% female) who took part in 3 waves of measurement spaced 9 years apart. Self-mastery, disorder counts, and their change were not significantly related. However, higher within-subject increase in goal persistence (but not self-mastery or positive reappraisal) led to greater future decline in disorder counts, but not vice versa. Last, within individuals, greater prior levels of goal persistence and positive reappraisal predicted larger subsequent reduction in disorder counts, and vice versa. The reciprocal, bidirectional associations between specific CBS (goal persistence, positive reappraisal) and disorder counts support both vulnerability and scar models of depression and anxiety. Treatments for MDD, GAD, and PD should attempt to enhance perseverance and optimism. Theoretical and clinical implications are further discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

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Persistence was implicated as a protective factor against depression, anxiety, and panic disorder.
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Preface
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Your Toolbox for Motivating Self and Others
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Motivational Systems Theory
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References
(2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108869164.011
Guiding Principles for Motivating Self and Others
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Thriving with Social Purpose
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Index
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Self-Direction
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Evolutionary Origins of Social Purpose
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Life Meaning
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Authors: Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G.
ORCID: Zainal, Nur Hani
Newman, Michelle G.
Venue: Journal of Abnormal Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2019-05
Volume: 128
Issue: 4
Pages: 295-304
ISSN: 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
1939-1846
DOI: 10.1037/abn0000428
PMC: PMC6707366
OpenAlex: W2942625682
Cited by: 45
References: 93
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 18
FWCI: 8.55
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: other-oa
www.apa.org/pubs/journals/resources/open-access.aspx (am, 366 d)
Locations: Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion, other-oa)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
ScholarSphere (Penn State Libraries) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
Funders: John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Research Network
National Institute on Aging (P01-AG020166, U19-AG051426)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
Keywords: cognitive-behavioral techniques, goal persistence, positive reappraisal, self-control, major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, common mental disorders, vulnerability model, bidirectional relationship, longitudinal trajectories, middle-aged and older adults, optimism
MeSH terms: Optimism, Self-Management, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Goals, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Self Concept, Panic Disorder, Young Adult

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Relation between cognitive and behavioral strategies and future change in common mental health problems across 18 years.

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