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Animal-assisted therapies for youth with or at risk for mental health problems: A systematic review
Open accessAbstract
To systematically review experimental evidence about animal-assisted therapies (AAT) for children or adolescents with or at risk for mental health conditions, we reviewed all experimental AAT studies published between 2000-2015, and compared studies by animal type, intervention, and outcomes. METHODS: Studies were included if used therapeutically for children and adolescents (≤21 years) with or at risk for a mental health problem; used random assignment or a waitlist comparison/control group; and included child-specific outcome data. Of 1,535 studies, 24 met inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Of 24 studies identified, almost half were randomized controlled trials, with 9 of 11 published in the past two years. The largest group addresses equine therapies for autism. CONCLUSION: Findings are generally promising for positive effects associated with equine therapies for autism and canine therapies for childhood trauma. The AAT research base is slim; a more focused research agenda is outlined.
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“Such interventions were effective in improving the state of children or adults with or at risk of developing mental disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) [38,39,40], and for the treatment of PTSD in military veterans [41,42].”
From A One Health Perspective on the Human-Companion Animal Relationship with Emphasis on Zoonotic Aspects. (2020) · cites this paper as [39]
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“Eight systematic reviews have indicated that multi-species AAIs may be effective as an adjunctive treatment for human health and wellbeing [10–17].”
From Incorporating animal-assisted therapy in mental health treatments for adolescents: A systematic review of canine assisted psychotherapy (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
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“Of the seven reviews that explored psychological variables, all concluded that AAI may be beneficial in reducing psychological distress, including depression, anxiety, trauma symptoms, mental illness or addiction [10–16].”
From Incorporating animal-assisted therapy in mental health treatments for adolescents: A systematic review of canine assisted psychotherapy (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
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“Three reviews examined psychosocial variables, all of which concluded that AAI may improve behaviour, communication or social skills, especially in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) [12, 15, 17].”
From Incorporating animal-assisted therapy in mental health treatments for adolescents: A systematic review of canine assisted psychotherapy (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
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Dowling‐Guyer, S., Dabney, K., Robertson, E. A., & Mueller, M. K. (2024) · Veterinary Sciences · doi:10.3390/vetsci11120644 · Cited by 3
Mikalsen, H. K., Lagestad, P., Bentzen, M., & Säfvenbom, R. (2019) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2019.00088 · Cited by 4
Equine Facilitated Psychotherapy with Young People: Why Insurance Coverage Matters
Ballard, I., Vincent, A., & Collins, C. C. (2020) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-020-00712-1 · Cited by 4
Curriculum-Based Animal-Assisted Therapy in an Acute Outpatient Mental Health Setting
Kashden, J., Lincoln, C. R., & Finn‐Stevenson, M. (2020) · Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy · doi:10.1007/s10879-020-09470-8 · Cited by 4
Intervenciones asistidas por animales: alcances, desafíos y limitaciones
Cavalli, C. M., Carballo, F., & Bentosela, M. (2020) · Conicet · Cited by 4
Medeiros, S., & Guendelman, S. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25513-8_11 · Cited by 6
Yang, M. (2022) · Journal of Environmental and Public Health · doi:10.1155/2022/1762767 · Cited by 3
RetractedDell, C. A., Kosteniuk, B., Doi, C., Townsend, C., COOK, A., Chalmers, D., & Butt, P. (2024) · Human-Animal Interactions · doi:10.1079/hai.2024.0038 · Cited by 3
Emotional Support Animals: An Overview of Practical and Legal Issues for Social Workers
Hahn, S. A., Hinton, J. L., & Hallyburton, A. (2020) · Health & Social Work · doi:10.1093/hsw/hlaa024 · Cited by 3
Risks and benefits of the interaction with companion animals
Pinello, K. C., Palmieri, C., Ruiz, J., Dagli, M. L., & Niza‐Ribeiro, J. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822794-7.00012-5 · Cited by 3
Animal-assisted activities in the classroom for students with emotional and behavioral disorders
Knowles, C., Shannon, E. N., & Lind, J. R. (2021) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106290 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Hoagwood, K. E., Acri, M., Morrissey, M., & Peth-Pierce, R.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hoagwood, Kimberly Eaton
- Venue
- Applied Developmental Science
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-01-25
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-13
- ISSN
- 1088-8691 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-480X
- PMC
- PMC5546745
- OpenAlex
- W2294384212
- Semantic Scholar
- 9d03a9b76e7381b881c3dd6abed479c4ab5faeb6
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 1.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Applied Developmental Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5P30MH090322-04)
- National Institute of Mental Health (P30MH090322)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Therapy and Development
- Keywords
- animal-assisted therapy, children and adolescents, youth mental health, equine-assisted therapy, autism spectrum disorder, dog-assisted therapy, childhood trauma, animal types, intervention outcomes
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