CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 4Sport Psychology and PerformanceSports and Physical Education ResearchSports Performance and Training

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Altering Focus Of Attention Effects Isometric Muscular Endurance And Heart Rate During Fitness Testing

Markwell, Logan T., Nolan, Russel, Brown, Blake, Makaruk, Hubert, Porter, Jared M.·2022·Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science
DOI 10.1080/1091367x.2021.2013229
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Subtle instructional changes that direct attentional focus can lead to changes in performance, potentially hindering a fitness assessment. An external attentional focus has been found to improve motor performance, however less is known about instructional effects on performance and the physiological response during an isometric endurance test. To better understand how attentional focus effects endurance fitness tests, two experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 showed that an external focus instruction (68.41 sec, SD = 34.20) led to significantly higher endurance performance compared to an internal instruction (60.22 sec, SD = 34.54). Experiment 2 revealed that heart rate during the internal condition (M = 117.51 bpm, SD = 14.19) was higher compared to the external (M = 114.17 bmp, SD = 13.19) and control (M = 115.40 bpm, SD = 16.85). Additionally, performance was greater during external instructions (M = 107.01 sec, SD = 46.35) compared to internal (M = 95.25 sec, SD = 38.19).

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/1091367x.2021.2013229

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 36

  1. Alishah E. R., 2017, European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 3, 48
  2. American College of Sports Medicine, 2018, ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription
  3. Baumgartner T. A., 2003, Measurement for evaluation in physical education and exercise science
  4. 10.1037/1076-898X.8.1.6 · DOI
  5. 10.1152/jn.00347.2016 · DOI
  6. 10.1007/s40279-016-0624-8 · DOI
  7. 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00332 · DOI
  8. 10.1016/j.humov.2010.05.001 · DOI
  9. 10.1080/1091367X.2021.1878361 · DOI
  10. 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b8d1e5 · DOI
  11. 10.1016/j.humov.2017.01.007 · DOI
  12. 10.1080/02701367.2011.10599779 · DOI
  13. 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00210 · DOI
  14. 10.1016/j.ptsp.2005.01.001 · DOI
  15. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb38215.x · DOI
  16. 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00216 · DOI
  17. 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181df7fbf · DOI
  18. 10.1097/JSC.0000000000000229 · DOI
  19. 10.2478/v10237-011-0018-7 · DOI
  20. 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103464 · DOI
  21. 10.1080/02640410903150467 · DOI
  22. Thomas J. R., 2015, Research methods in physical activity
  23. Tomchuk D, 2011, Companion guide to measurement and evaluation for Kinesiology
  24. 10.14198/jhse.2018.132.15 · DOI
  25. 10.1177/1747954117711095 · DOI
  26. 10.3200/JMBR.36.4.450-459 · DOI
  27. Wilmore J., 2008, Physiology of Sport and Exercise
  28. 10.1080/00222899809601334 · DOI · Paper page
  29. 10.1080/02701367.2000.10608903 · DOI
  30. 10.1080/713756012 · DOI · Paper page
  31. 10.1080/02701367.2001.10608970 · DOI · Paper page
  32. 10.1260/174795407782233182 · DOI
  33. 10.1260/174795407782233173 · DOI
  34. 10.1080/1750984X.2012.723728 · DOI
  35. 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.06.035 · DOI · Paper page
  36. 10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.01.006 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 4

Metadata

Authors
Markwell, L. T., Nolan, R., Brown, B., Makaruk, H., & Porter, J. M.
Affiliations
  • University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US)
  • Department of Kinesiology, Southern Illinois University, United States
  • Southern Illinois University Carbondale (US)
  • Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw (PL)
Corresponding author
Markwell, Logan T.
ORCID
Venue
Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2021-12-09
Volume
26
Issue
3
Pages
221-231
ISSN
  • 1091-367X (ISSN-L)
  • 1532-7841
DOI
10.1080/1091367x.2021.2013229
OpenAlex
W4200429154
Cited by
4
References
0
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1
FWCI
0.73
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Sports and Physical Education Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords
attentional focus, heart rate, physical fitness assessment, endurance performance, motor performance, physiological responses

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Altering Focus Of Attention Effects Isometric Muscular Endurance And Heart Rate During Fitness Testing. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/1091367x.2021.2013229
The paper
Markwell, L. T., Nolan, R., Brown, B., Makaruk, H., & Porter, J. M. (2022). Altering Focus Of Attention Effects Isometric Muscular Endurance And Heart Rate During Fitness Testing. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science. https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367x.2021.2013229