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German capitalism: Does it exist? Can it survive?
Abstract
Drawing on extensive comparison with the United States, Japan and Britain, the paper describes the “German model” of advanced capitalism as an institutionalized high-wage economy combining high competitiveness in world markets with strong social cohesion and, in particular, low levels of inequality along a variety of dimensions. This combination is explained by a unique set of socio-economic institutions, in particular socially instituted and circumscribed markets, negotiated firms commanding long-term attachment of both labor and capital, a facilitating state relying mainly on indirect means of intervention, widespread associational self-governance by organized groups in civil society, and institutionalized cultural patterns that promote long-term commitments and continuity. These institutions are shown to call forth and support a particular pattern of production, sometimes referred to as diversified quality production, that has in the 1970s and 1980s made possible both high wages and a low dispersion of wages and incomes. In its second part, the paper proceeds to analyze in detail the performance problems of an institutionalized high-wage economy of the German kind, and specifies a set of conditions that must be met for such an economy to remain simultaneously competitive and socially cohesive. The present crisis of the German “social market economy” is discussed in terms of a coincidence of three factors: a possible secular exhaustion of the model as such, the shock of unification, and the constraints imposed by growing globalization of the capitalist economy on national economic governance. Auf der Grundlage eines Vergleichs mit den Vereinigten Staaten, Japan und Grosbritannien wird das „deutsche Modell“ des entwickelten Kapitalismus als institutionalisierte Hochlohnwirtschaft beschrieben, die hohe Wettbewerbsfahigkeit in internationalen Markten mit starker sozialer Kohasion und relativ geringer wirtschaftlicher Ungleichheit verbindet. Diese Kombination wird als Resultat einer Reihe typischer sozio-okonomischer Institutionen erklart, insbesondere sozial institutionalisierter und umschriebener Markte; durch Aushandlung regierter Unternehmen, deren Kapital und Arbeit langfristig an sie gebunden sind; einen unterstutzenden Staat, der sich vornehmlich indirekter Interventionsformen bedient; weitverbreiteter verbandlicher Selbstregulierung organisierter gesellschaftlicher Gruppen; und institutionalisierter kultureller Muster, die langfristige Bindungen und Kontinuitat fordern. Diese Institutionen begrunden und unterstutzen eine bestimmte Art wirtschaftlicher Produktion, die als diversifizierte Qualitatsproduktion bezeichnet worden ist und in den siebziger und achtziger Jahren zugleich hohe Lohne und eine geringe Dispersion von Lohnen und Einkommen ermoglicht hat. In seinem zweiten Teil untersucht der Aufsatz die derzeitigen Bestandsprobleme einer institutionalisierten Hochlohnokonomie der deutschen Art und nennt eine Reihe von Bedingungen, die erfullt sein mussen, damit eine solche Okonomie zugleich wettbewerbsfahig und sozial kohasionsfahig bleiben kann. Die gegenwartige Krise der deutschen „sozialen Marktwirtschaft“ wird als Resultat des Zusammentreffens dreier Faktoren dargestellt: einer moglichen sakularen Erschopfung des Modells als solchem, des Schocks der Wiedervereinigung, und der Ruckwirkungen der zunehmenden Globalisierung der kapitalistischen Okonomie auf nationale Formen wirtschaftlicher Steuerung.
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Citations
Cited by
Toward a Comparative Institutional Analysis
Aoki, M. (2002) · Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics · doi:10.1628/0932456022975150 · Cited by 1,200
Hall, P. A., & Gingerich, D. W. (2009) · British Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1017/s0007123409000672 · Cited by 1,113
The Causes of Welfare State Expansion: Deindustrialization or Globalization?
Iversen, T., & Cusack, T. R. (2000) · World Politics · doi:10.1017/s0043887100016567 · Cited by 892
French capitalism transformed, yet still a third variety of capitalism
Schmidt, V. (2003) · Economy and Society · doi:10.1080/0308514032000141693 · Cited by 419
Putting the Political Back into Political Economy by Bringing the State Back in Yet Again
Schmidt, V. A. (2009) · World Politics · doi:10.1017/s0043887109000173 · Cited by 401
Metadata
- Authors
- Streeck, W.
- Venue
- New Political Economy
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1997-07
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 237-256
- ISSN
- 1356-3467 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-9923
- OpenAlex
- W2169336928
- Cited by
- 526
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 170.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Streeck, W. (1997). German capitalism: Does it exist? Can it survive? New Political Economy. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563469708406299
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.