Cited by 209Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of LifePsychometric Methodologies and TestingMusculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation

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Subjective health status assessment: evaluation of the Italian version of the SF-12 Health Survey. Results from the MiOS Project

Kodraliu, P. Mosconi, N. Groth, G., G.·2001·Journal of Epidemiology and Biostatistics

DOI 10.1080/135952201317080715

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: SF-12 is a generic short form health survey, developed in the USA from the original SF-36. It produces two summary measures evaluating physical and mental self-perceived health that are interchangeable with those from the SF-36. SF-12 has been successfully tested in nine Western European countries on large samples of the general population, where it has proved its brevity, comprehensiveness, reliability, validity and cross-cultural applicability. The present analysis directly assesses the SF-12 for the first time in various Italian settings, including the general population and specific patient groups. METHODS: Data for this report were collected from five different samples; in four of them the SF-12 was used as a 'stand-alone' instrument, while in the other one (used as the reference) it was embedded in the SF-36. Descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation coefficients, confirmatory factor analysis, ordinal uni- and multi-variate least squares regression model and covariance analysis were used to evaluate the summary measures in each sample, and across relevant subgroups. Studies were ordered according to the expected deviance, from the 'normal' health status of the reference group to the sample with the expected highest level of illness. RESULTS: Overall, more than 11,000 subjects were evaluated. Response rates ranged from 63 to 100%, while missing items accounted only for 0.2-8.2% of all items. Uni- and multi-variate analyses showed a positive association between both physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores and their respective items in all examined samples. MCS scores were fairly similar across all samples, with the only exception being patients recently discharged from hospital, whose subjective mental health perception was higher than expected and the highest of all (52.2). Finally, we found a substantial impact of ageing on physical health perception, while the MCS was shown to be less sensitive to the age effect. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis shows that the SF-12 has good validity, while some issues related to its most appropriate mode of administration and target groups might require further attention.

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BackgroundResultInfluential
Qualité de vie du patient (tunisien) adulte atteint de SAOS sévère
Kacem, I., Kalboussi, H., Salem, H. B., Maoua, M., guedri, S. E., Laayouni, M., Abdelghani, A., Boughattas, W., Brahem, A., Debbabi, F., et al. (2017) · Revue de Pneumologie Clinique · doi:10.1016/j.pneumo.2017.07.001 · Cited by 3
A health risk model for rural households based on the distribution of multi pollutants
Rathnamala, G. V., Shivashankara, G. P., Ashwini, R. M., Rashmi, H. R., & Bhowmik, B. (2023) · Water Science & Technology · doi:10.2166/wst.2023.084 · Cited by 3
The Association Between Mutuality and Quality of Life in Adults With Chronic Illnesses and Their Nurses: Actor‐Partner Interdependence Model Analysis
Cilluffo, S., Lyons, K. S., Bassola, B., Vellone, E., Pucciarelli, G., Clari, M., Dimonte, V., & Lusignani, M. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.17510 · Cited by 4
Exploring Cognitive, Behavioral, and Psychological Dimensions in Persistent Idiopathic Facial Pain and Other Chronic Orofacial Pain Conditions
Telesca, A., Montisano, D. A., Usai, S., Faltracco, V., Ferrario, A., Gandini, G., Grazzi, L., Lauria, G., & Consonni, M. (2026) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.71283 · Cited by 2
A Nutritional Supplement as Adjuvant of Gabapentinoids for Adults with Neuropathic Pain following Spinal Cord Injury and Stroke: Preliminary Results
Raffaeli, W., Felzani, G., Tenti, M., Greco, L., D’Eramo, M. P., Proietti, S., & Morone, G. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11182563 · Cited by 2
“Secondary outcome measures included the Italian version of the short-form health survey 12 [32] and the standard 7-point patient global impression of change (PGIC).”
Method
Cannulated screws fixation for nondisplaced femoral neck fractures: early versus late weight-bearing—a prospective analysis
Carola, D., Lattanzi, G., Senesi, L., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology · doi:10.1007/s00590-024-04004-7 · Cited by 2
Development and Validation of a New Qualitative Pain Assessment Model: Preliminary Results of the WORDSforPAIN Project
Marco, M. D., Cipriani, L., Baccini, M., Cherubini, G., Piazzini, M., Relli, G., Filoni, G., Livoti, A., del Vicario, M. L., Doronzio, S. G., et al. (2024) · Lecture notes in bioengineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-77318-1_13 · Cited by 2
Predictors of physical and mental health in sports science students: a focus on physical activity, sleep, and diet
Castelli, L., Ciorciari, A., Galasso, L., Borrelli, M., Caumo, A., Michielon, G., Montaruli, A., & Roveda, E. (2025) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-025-01392-z · Cited by 2
“The 12-item health survey evaluated both physical and mental health [33, 34].”
Effectiveness of Ultrasound-Guided Peritendinous Injection Treatment with Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid in Patients with Supraspinatus Tendinopathy
Agostini, F., Alessandro de, S. I. R. E., Savina, A., Iudicelli, G., Fisicaro, A., Camponogara, G., Narciso, M., Fricano, A., Conti, M., Longo, U. G., et al. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14176291 · Cited by 3
“SF-12 (Short Form 12) Health Survey was used to assess whether the treatment impacted on the patient’s perception of their overall health status, both physical and mental [23].”
Low-Intensity Virtual Reality Exercise for Caregivers of People with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Study
Maggio, M. G., Maione, R., Migale, S., Facciale, A. L., Pergolizzi, L., Buonasera, P., Fonti, B., Bonanno, M., Pistorino, G., Pasquale, P. D., et al. (2025) · Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology · doi:10.3390/jfmk10030353 · Cited by 2
The health of Italians before and after the economic crisis of 2008
Sarti, S., & Vitalini, A. (2020) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.13116 · Cited by 2
Maternal health disparities linked to stressful life events: a cross-sectional study of industrialized Italian cities
Bansal, E., Patrono, A., Renzetti, S., Lucchini, R. G., Chiu, Y.-H. M., Conversano, M., Montemurro, M., Bruno, D., Franco, C., Giorgino, A., et al. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-21092-6 · Cited by 1
Psychometric Properties of the Improved Report of Oslo Trauma Research Centre Questionnaires on Overuse Injuries (OSTRC-O2) and Health Problems (OSTRC-H2)
Leonardi, G., Galeoto, G., Maselli, F., et al. (2025) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina61050935 · Cited by 1
“…the two questionnaires of the OSTRC-H2 and OSTRC-O2, the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), a subjective pain rating scale [21], and another scale to verify mental health in association with the injury to which the athlete refers, namely the SF-12 Health Survey (SF-12) [22], were also administered.”
Resilience to depression and unchanged quality of life in Sardinian old adults during COVID-19 lockdown
Cossu, G., Atzeni, M., Cantone, E., Forte, V., Tusconi, M., Kalcev, G., Maleci, A., Montisci, R., Ferreli, C., Atzori, L., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1642413 · Cited by 1
Upper trapezius muscle stiffness among musicians with and without playing-related musculoskeletal disorders: a cross-sectional study
Cruder, C., Schönhofer, P., Schneebeli, A., et al. (2025) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-025-09057-1 · Cited by 1
Mentalizing in chronic conditions: A cross-sectional study of reflective functioning and adherence in transplant recipients
Muzii, B., & Margherita, G. (2025) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2025.112399 · Cited by 1
Responsiveness and interpretability of the Italian version of the Knee Outcome Survey − Activities of Daily Living Scale in patients with knee disorders
Tortoli, E., Marca, R. L., Ugolini, A., et al. (2025) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/02692155251387315 · Cited by 1
Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Symptoms and Microbiome Characteristics in Patients With Non‐Celiac Gluten/Wheat Sensitivity: A Randomized Controlled Double‐Blind Trial
Ferrocino, I., Ponzo, V., Goitre, I., Trapani, F., Cordero, C. E. I., Favaro, E., Riso, S., Merlo, F. D., Fransos, L., Marengo, F., et al. (2026) · Food Frontiers · doi:10.1002/fft2.70239 · Cited by 1
Uncovering Frailty in Burning Mouth Syndrome: Insights From a SUNFRAIL + Based Multidimensional Assessment
Canfora, F., Ottaviani, G., Argiuolo, A., Giorgiutti, A., Iaccarino, G., Rupel, K., Saccomanno, S., Luca, V. D., Virgolesi, M., Moloney, E., et al. (2026) · Journal of Oral Rehabilitation · doi:10.1111/joor.70191 · Cited by 1
Il ruolo delle strategie di coping nell'associazione tra rappresentazione di malattia e qualità della vita in un campione di pazienti italiani con noncommunicable diseases
Auriemma, E., Maiello, A., Esposito, C., & Freda, M. F. (2023) · PSICOLOGIA DELLA SALUTE · doi:10.3280/pds2023-002006 · Cited by 1
Gait analysis, trunk movements, and electromyographic patterns after minimally invasive spine surgery for lumbar instability: An observational prospective study
Miscusi, M., Serrao, M., Ricciardi, L., Conte, C., Castiglia, S. F., Ippolito, G., Coppola, G., Forcato, S., Scerrati, A., & Raco, A. (2023) · World Neurosurgery X · doi:10.1016/j.wnsx.2023.100262 · Cited by 1
Validating the Gender Variance Scale in Italian: Psychometric Properties and Associations with Health and Sociodemographic Factors
Meneguzzo, P., Brun, D. D., Tenconi, E., Bonato, M., Scala, A., Miscioscia, M., Garolla, A., & Favaro, A. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13192438 · Cited by 1
“The Italian version of the SF-12 has been validated and widely used in health research [16,17].”
Hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes and the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a survey conducted in patients enrolled in a dedicated registry
Signoroni, S., Ciniselli, C. M., Piozzi, G. N., et al. (2021) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-021-02973-4 · Cited by 1
Use of Human Fibrin Glue (Tissucol) Versus Staples for Mesh Fixation in Laparoscopic Transabdominal Preperitoneal Hernioplasty
Zonta, S., Lovisetto, F., & Longoni, M. (2007) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0b013e318158a413 · Cited by 1
Feasibility and efficacy of an at-home, technology-supported mindfulness program in people with Multiple Sclerosis: a proof-of-principle studyPreprint
Motolese, F., Stelitano, D., Lanzone, J., Albergo, G., Cruciani, A., Masciulli, C., Musumeci, G., Pilato, F., Rossi, M., Ribolsi, M., et al. (2023) · doi:10.22541/au.168416824.49652226/v1 · Cited by 1
La qualità della vita: una valutazione spesso trascurata nei pazienti con arteriopatia periferica
Piscione, F., Piccolo, R., Rosa, R. D., et al. (2009) · Giornale italiano di cardiologia · doi:10.1714/585.6906
Quality of life among people living with HIV: an evaluation of methodological issues and independent effects of age and gender on changes over time
Spaulding, A. B. (2013) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota)
Quality of Life and Psychosocial Impact of the Lockdown Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients with Cancer: Results of a Preliminary Analysis
Ferrara, M., Langiano, E., Falese, L., Marco, A. D., & Vito, E. D. (2021) · International Electronic Conference on Environmental Research and Public Health (ECERPH) · doi:10.3390/ecerph-3-09021
Effects of COVID-19 Quarantine on patients affect of hip osteoarthritis in list for joint replacement
Grassi, M., Larghi, M. M., Placenza, E., Faugno, L., Rampulla, C., & Manzotti, A. (2020) · Hong Kong Journal of Orthopaedic Research · doi:10.37515/ortho.8231.3302
“The Short Form 12 (SF12) scale is a validated questionnaire assessing health-related quality of life, developed in the USA from the original SF-36 [15].”
Background
Internal fixation through posterolateral approach versus Ilizarov external fixation for treatment of aseptic distal tibia nonunion: a comparative analysis
Cerbasi, S., Sante, G. D., Rani, N., et al. (2025) · MUSCULOSKELETAL SURGERY · doi:10.1007/s12306-025-00911-y
Development of the Italian version of the anterior cruciate ligament quality of life (ACL‐QoL): A validity and reliability study
Pavan, N., Segat, F., Pellicciari, L., Piai, A., Brindisino, F., & Venturin, D. (2025) · Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy · doi:10.1002/ksa.70133
The long and winding road to menopause: a true milestone or an illusion for women with endometriosis?
Marrocco, F., Alberico, D., Pifarotti, P., Nasini, A., Buffa, M. A., Cipriani, S., & Barbàra, G. (2025) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000002709
Longitudinal associations between congruence in dyadic care type and health-related quality of life among multiple chronic conditions patient–caregiver dyads
Maria, M. D., Stokes, J. E., Saurini, M., Vellone, E., Ausili, D., Matarese, M., Buck, H. G., & Irani, E. (2026) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-025-04128-1
Early psychometric characteristics of the NUrsing Behavioral Engagement (NuBE) Scale in cancer settings: A three-phases validation study
Bonetti, L., Tolotti, A., Bonanomi, A. G., Valcarenghi, D., Sari, D., Liptrott, S. J., & Barello, S. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0342693
Food Supplements and Well-Being: A Pilot Investigation in the General Practitioner Office of the Veneto Region
Pezzani, R., Barollo, S., Vitalini, S., et al. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14091189
“Despite this, robust empirical data linking FS consumption to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in primary care settings remain scarce, justifying the present exploratory investigation using the validated SF-12 instrument [10,11].”
Lifestyle intervention to reduce cardiovascular risk in kidney transplant recipients: the KT-LIFESTYLE multicentre randomized controlled trial
Totti, V., Tabanelli, G., Stecchi, M., Brodosi, L., Grandinetti, V., Pizzuti, V., D'Intino, P. E., Ferrarini, D., Capelli, E., Michele, R. D., et al. (2026) · Clinical Kidney Journal · doi:10.1093/ckj/sfag153
“…counselling assessed by the Food Frequency Questionnaire ( FFQ) [ 14 ], quality of life assessed by the Short Form-12 Health Survey ( SF-12) [ 15 ], hospital admissions for significant clinical events, fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events ( major adverse cardiovascular events) , and…”
Pain in Functional Motor Disorders: Clinical Correlates From the Italian Registry
Nisticò, V., Demartini, B., Geroin, C., Marcuzzo, E., Sandri, A., Romito, L. M., Eleopra, R., Tesolin, L., de Bertoldi, F., Nicoletti, A. S. Q., et al. (2026) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.70634
“…their own feelings [17]; the Short- form-12 Health Survey Questionnaire, measuring the patients' perceived physical and mental health (SF-12 [18]); the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), which measures fatigue across five domains: General fatigue, physical fatigue, reduced…”

Authors: Kodraliu, P. M.
Venue: Journal of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2001-05-01
Volume: 6
Issue: 3
Pages: 305-316
ISSN: 1359-5229 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1080/135952201317080715
OpenAlex: W2160679825
Cited by: 209
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 3.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Keywords: SF-12 Health Survey, self-rated health, Italian adaptation, SF-36, physical component summary, mental component summary, psychometric validation, cross-cultural adaptation, hospital discharge, patient-reported outcomes, questionnaire administration mode
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Status, Health Surveys, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Reproducibility of Results

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Subjective health status assessment: evaluation of the Italian version of the SF-12 Health Survey. Results from the MiOS Project

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