Cited by 129Language Development and DisordersReading and Literacy DevelopmentDevelopmental and Educational Neuropsychology

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Risk markers for SLI: A study of young language-learning children

Conti‐Ramsden, Gina, Hesketh, Anne·2003·International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders

DOI 10.1080/1368282031000092339

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Abstract

Background: Adequate assessment of ‘normal variation’ versus ‘abnormal status’ is particularly difficult for clinicians working with young children who are under 5 years of age and who present with slow language development. There is therefore clinical motivation to identify possible key difficulties (or ‘risk markers’) that may distinguish children who are likely to have specific language impairment (SLI) from the variation observed in younger, normally developing children. Aims: The issue of ‘risk markers’ for SLI was explored. It is well known that the issue of markers is controversial. The view presented here is that a risk marker represents a symptom with no assumption about whether the symptom reflects a single cause or that this symptom alone identifies the disorder. Methods and Procedures: The performance of 32 children with SLI was compared with that of 32 younger normal language‐learning children on four potential risk marker tasks: non‐word repetition, digit recall, past tense provision and plural marking. Outcomes and Results: The findings suggest that processing markers, particularly non‐word repetition, have the potential for indicating SLI risk. In particular, children who fall in the bottom quarter of the normal distribution in non‐word repetition (performance below the 25th centile) appear to be at risk of SLI. Conclusions: Although these results need to be interpreted cautiously, the evidence is thought to warrant the use of non‐word repetition tasks in clinical practice.

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Nonword Repetition in Terms of Subtypes of Children with Speech Sound Disorders
Ha, S. (2020) · Eon'eo cheong'gag jang'ae yeon'gu/Communication sciences & disorders · doi:10.12963/csd.20763 · Cited by 8
“따 라서 무의미 낱말 따라말하기 능력은 언어, 읽기, 말소리장애 영역 에서 활발하게 연구되었으며, 장애를 확인하는 진단표지로서 제안 되어 왔다(Conti-Ramsden, Botting, & Faragher, 2001; Conti-Ramsden & Hesketh, 2003; Ellis Weismer et al., 2000; Estes, Evans, ElseQuest, 2007; Shriberg et al., 2009; Snowling & Stackhouse, 1983).”
Language problems at 2½-years of age and their relationship with school-age language impairment and neuropsychiatric disorders
Miniscalco, C. (2008) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.1134 · Cited by 7
Language impairment in Turkish-speaking children
Topbaş, S., Güven, S., Uysal, A. A., & Kazanoğlu, D. (2016) · Trends in language acquisition research · doi:10.1075/tilar.20.13top · Cited by 7
The role of existing language knowledge in bilingual and multilingual toddlers’ repetition of cross-linguistic and language-specific nonwords
Verhagen, J., & Andringa, S. J. (2021) · Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism · doi:10.1075/lab.20050.ver · Cited by 6
“…the group level (Dispaldro, Leonard & Deevy, 2013; Ellis-Weismer et al. 2000; Graf Estes, Evans & Else-Quest, 2007), which has led to the proposal that NWR tasks can be used as clinical tools for diagnosing impaired language development (Archibald, 2008; Conti-Ramsden & Hesketh, 2003; Gray, 2003).”
Background
Non-word repetition performance in Mandarin-speaking preschool children with and without specific language impairment (SLI)
Wang, X., & Jiandan, H. (2016) · Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1515/cjal-2016-0022 · Cited by 5
“In English, the non-word repetition task has been proposed as a clinical marker for inherited language impairment (Bishop, North, & Donlan, 1996) with promising diagnostic differentiation (e.g., ContiRamsden, Botting, & Faragher, 2001; Conti-Ramsden & Hesketh, 2003; Gray, 2003).”
Background
Diagnostic Accuracy of Working Memory Tasks Depending on Scoring Unit and Condition in Preschool Children
Yim, D., Kim, S., Yoo, J., Lee, Y., Lee, S., & Chung, H. (2017) · Eon'eo cheong'gag jang'ae yeon'gu/Communication sciences & disorders · doi:10.12963/csd.17394 · Cited by 5
“5세 아동을 대상으로 낱말 단위 채 점방식을 사용한 비단어따라말하기 과제에 대한 판별분석을 실시 한 선행연구(Conti-Ramsden & Hesketh, 2003)에서는 민감도가 59%-66%, 특이도가 85%-89%로 나타났다.”
Memória operacional fonológica e suas relações com o desenvolvimento da linguagem infantil*** Phonological working memory and its relationship with language development in children
Rodrigues, A., & Befi‐Lopes, D. M. (2009) · Cited by 5
Conflict resolution and development of communication competence in preschool boys with language impairment
Horowitz, L. (2005) · Figshare · Cited by 5
Simplified Signs
Bonvillian, J. D., Lee, N. K., Dooley, T. T., & Loncke, F. T. (2020) · Open Book Publishers · doi:10.11647/obp.0205 · Cited by 6
Language and reading in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder + developmental language disorder
Parks, K. M. A., Cardy, J. O., & Joanisse, M. F. (2024) · JCPP Advances · doi:10.1002/jcv2.12218 · Cited by 5
“Contrary to previous research (Conti ‐ Ramsden, 2003; Conti ‐ Ramsden & Hesketh, 2003; Oetting & Cleveland, 2006; Poll et al., 2010; Redmond et al., 2011), the nonword repetition task used in the current study did not accurately distinguish between any of the groups.”
BackgroundResult
Phonological Memory in 5 to 6 Year-Old Korean Children
Ha, S., Yan, H. Y., & Lee, R. (2024) · Eon'eo cheong'gag jang'ae yeon'gu/Communication sciences & disorders · doi:10.12963/csd.240032 · Cited by 4
“Gathercole (1998) 는 Conti-Ramsden, Botting, & Faragher, 2001; Conti-Ramsden & Hesketh, 2003; Weismer et al., 2000; Estes, Evans, & Else-Quest, 2007; Shrib-erg et al., 2009; Snowling & Stackhouse, 1983).”
Fonološka složenost i mesto slogovnog akcenta kao indikatori fonološkog razvoja u usvajanju srpskog jezika 1
Anđelković, D., & van der Lely, H. K. J. (2010) · Cited by 4
Speech and language dysfunction in childhood epilepsy and epileptiform EEG activity
Selassie, G. R. (2010) · Cited by 4
The use of digit and sentence repetition in the identification of language impairment: The case of child speakers of Afrikaans and South African English
Gagiano, S., & Southwood, F. (2015) · Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics · doi:10.5774/44-0-187 · Cited by 2
“Conti-Ramsden and Hesketh (2003) assessed four potential markers of LI, namely past tense production, noun plural production, nonsense word repetition and digit repetition, in English-speaking 5-year-olds with and without LI.”
Background
Theory of Mind and Pretend Play in Children with Specific Language Impairment
Stich, M. (2011) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 4
SYNTAX FOR SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGISTS
Dulm, O. V. (2012) · Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus · doi:10.5842/32-0-20 · Cited by 3
SPESIFIEKE TAALGESTREMDHEID EN TAALWETENSKAPLIKE TEORIE: 'N EVALUERENDE OORSIG
Southwood, F. (2012) · Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus · doi:10.5842/32-0-18 · Cited by 3
Basics of Phoniatrics
Bartha, L., Birkholz, P., Casanova, C., de Jong, F., Decoster, W., Denizoğlu, İ., Dierichs, R., Dobel, C., Kaufmann-Meyer, M., Kob, M., et al. (2019) · European manual of medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-46780-0_1 · Cited by 3
Gelişimsel Dil Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklar: Dil Gelişimi ve Sözel Çalışma Belleği
HASSAMANCIOĞLU, U., & Doğan, Ö. (2021) · Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi · doi:10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.742658 · Cited by 4
Phonological complexity and prosodic structure in assessment of Serbian phonological development
Savić, M., Andjelković, D., Budjevac, N., & der Van (2010) · Psihologija · doi:10.2298/psi1002167s · Cited by 3
Ereigniskorrelierte Potenziale und auditives sensorisches Gedächtnis
Glass, E. (2009) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917.37.6.513 · Cited by 3
Patterns of language and auditory dysfunction in 6-year-old children with epilepsy
Selassie, G. R., Olssøn, I., & Jennische, M. (2009) · Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.1080/03009730802635927 · Cited by 3
The morphology of German-speaking children with specific language impairment
Hasselaar, J. (2014) · Cited by 3
Past-tense inflection of non-verbs: a potential clinical marker of developmental language disorder in Swedish children
Kalnak, N., Löwgren, K., & Hansson, K. (2020) · Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology · doi:10.1080/14015439.2020.1810311 · Cited by 2
“The authors found a sensitivity of 90.2% and a specificity of 97.7% and concluded that NWR is a potential clinical marker of Swedish DLD. Studies investigating past-tense inflection as a clinical marker have reported mixed results in English-speaking children with DLD. Conti-Ramsden et al. [19] reported a sensitivity…”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Developmental Patterns of Nonword Repetition in Preschool Children
Ha, S. (2020) · Eon'eo cheong'gag jang'ae yeon'gu/Communication sciences & disorders · doi:10.12963/csd.20767 · Cited by 2
“무의미 낱말 따라말하기는 아동의 말-언어 처리 과정에서 여러 관련 영역의 발달 상황과 견고함을 반영하는 과제이기 때문에 언 어, 읽기, 말소리장애 분야에서 활발하게 연구되고 있으며, 영어권 국가에서는 진단검사 도구로 사용되고 있다(Bishop et al., 1996; Conti-Ramsden, Botting, Faragher, 2001; Conti-Ramsden & Hesketh, 2003; Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Shriberg et al., 2009).”
Interpreting error patterns in nonword repetition tasks: A commentary on Tamburelli, Jones, Gobet & Pine (2012)
Marshall, C. R. (2012) · Language and Cognitive Processes · doi:10.1080/01690965.2012.659670 · Cited by 2
“Many studies have shown that repeating nonwords is very difficult for children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI; e.g., Bishop, North, & Donlan, 1996; Conti-Ramsden & Hesketh, 2003; Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998; Edwards & Lahey, 1998; Gathercole & Baddely, 1990; inter alia).”
Background
Estrategias didácticas y comprensión lectora en estudiantes universitarios
Rivera-Zamudio, J., & Pintado, N. E. A. (2020) · PSIQUEMAG/ Revista Científica Digital de Psicología · doi:10.18050/psiquemag.v9i1.2498 · Cited by 2
Phonological Memory Performance in Children with Speech Sound Disorders with and without Language Impairment
Ha, S., Lee, R., & Yan, H. Y. (2024) · Eon'eo cheong'gag jang'ae yeon'gu/Communication sciences & disorders · doi:10.12963/csd.240073 · Cited by 1
“, Botting, & Faragher, 2001; Conti-Ramsden & Hesketh, 2003; Weismer et al., 2000; Estes, Evans, & Else-Quest, 2007; Snowling & Stackhouse, 1983), 말소리장애 아동의 기저 결함을 파악하는 데 에도 효과적이다 (Roepke, Bower, Miller, & Brosseau-Lapré, 2020; Shriberg et al., 2012).”
DIE RELEVANSIE VAN TAALWETENSKAP VIR SPRAAK-TAALTERAPEUTE
Dulm, O. V. (2012) · Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus · doi:10.5842/32-0-21 · Cited by 1
6. Sign-Communication Intervention in Adults and Children with Aphasia
Bonvillian, J. D., Lee, N. K., Dooley, T. T., & Loncke, F. T. (2020) · Open Book Publishers · doi:10.11647/obp.0205.06 · Cited by 1
La dysphasie : à quels signes être attentifs en période préscolaire ?
Schelstraete, M., & Roch, D. (2014) · Contraste · doi:10.3917/cont.039.0181 · Cited by 1
Understanding Synthetic Speech and Language Processing of Students with and without a Reading Disability
Cunningham, T. (2011) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 1
Greek teachers’ understandings of Typical Language Development and of Language difficulties
Georgali, K. (2017) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 1
Behavioral aspects of executive functions of school-age children with a history of specific language impairment
Kuusisto, M. (2010) · Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University) · Cited by 1
Relação entre a compreensão de sentenças e a memória de trabalho em crianças com distúrbio específico de lingaugem
Ferreira, M. C. D. F. (2007) · doi:10.11606/d.25.2007.tde-20062007-134607
Speech production in adolescents with specific language impairment.
Bowker, J. H. (2009) · University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Institutional Repository on DSpace (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg)

Authors: Conti‐Ramsden, G., & Hesketh, A.
Affiliations: University of Manchester (GB)
Corresponding author: Conti‐Ramsden, Gina
ORCID: Conti‐Ramsden, Gina
Hesketh, Anne
Venue: International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2003-07-09
Volume: 38
Issue: 3
Pages: 251-263
ISSN: 1368-2822 (ISSN-L)
1460-6984
DOI: 10.1080/1368282031000092339
OpenAlex: W1980026321
Cited by: 129
References: 84
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 7.97
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 2732 d)
Locations: International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
Funders: Wellcome Trust
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Keywords: specific language impairment, risk indicators, non-word repetition, digit recall, plural marking, language processing, young children, language assessment, normal variation
MeSH terms: Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Language Development Disorders, Language Tests, Male, Case-Control Studies, Risk Assessment

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Risk markers for SLI: A study of young language-learning children

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