Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 398

The DOI matches its OpenAlex record; 47 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Strategic Responses to Global Climate Change: Conflicting Pressures on Multinationals in the Oil Industry

David L. Levy, Ans Kolk·2002·Business and Politics
DOI 10.1080/1369525021000158391
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

MNCs are increasingly facing global environmental issues demanding coordinated market and non-market strategic responses. The home country institutional context and individual company histories can create divergent pressures on strategy for MNCs based in different countries; however, the location of MNCs in global industries and their participation in ‘global issues arenas’ create issue-level fields within which strategic convergence might also be expected. This paper analyzes the responses of oil MNCs to climate change and finds that local context influenced initial corporate reactions, but that convergent pressures predominate as the issue matures.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

OpenAlex · 10.1080/1369525021000158391

Cites

47 of 47 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 47 references

Cited by

See all 398

Metadata

Authors
Levy, D. L., & Kolk, A.
Venue
Business and Politics
Publisher
Cambridge University Press
Published
2002-11-01
Volume
4
Issue
3
Pages
275-300
ISSN
1369-5258 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1080/1369525021000158391
OpenAlex
W3124054388
Cited by
398
References
47
FWCI
16.25
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Strategic Responses to Global Climate Change: Conflicting Pressures on Multinationals in the Oil Industry. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/1369525021000158391
The paper
Levy, D. L., & Kolk, A. (2002). Strategic Responses to Global Climate Change: Conflicting Pressures on Multinationals in the Oil Industry. Business and Politics. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369525021000158391

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.