Cited by 551Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchDiabetes Treatment and ManagementCancer-related cognitive impairment studies

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The Relationship between Impaired Glucose Tolerance, Type 2 Diabetes, and Cognitive Function

Awad, Nesrine, Gagnon, Michèle, Messier, Claude·2004·Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

DOI 10.1080/13803390490514875

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Abstract

The present review integrates findings of published studies that have evaluated the cognitive function of treated and untreated type 2 diabetic patients and provides a detailed overview of the neuropsychological assessments conducted. Cognitive deficits are observed in older people with glucose intolerance or untreated diabetes but these deficits appear to be attenuated by treatments that improve glycemic control. Cognitive decrements in treated type 2 diabetic patients are most consistently observed on measures of verbal memory (35% of the measures) and processing speed (45% of the measures) while preserved function is observed on measures of visuospatial, attention, semantic and language function. Some studies suggest that deficits in cognitive functions are associated with poorer glycemic control. A number of other factors, such as depression, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, increase these deficits. We conclude that, in diabetic patients who achieve and maintain good glycemic control, type 2 diabetes only has a small impact on cognitive functions before the age of 70 years. However, early onset of type 2 diabetes, poor glycemic control and the presence of micro- and macrovascular disease may interact to produce early cognitive deficits. In older adults (70 years and over), diabetes likely interacts with other dementing processes such as vascular disease and Alzheimer's disease to hasten cognitive decline.

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Authors: Awad, N., Gagnon, M., & Messier, C.
Affiliations: University of Ottawa (CA)
Institute of Mental Health Research (CA)
ORCID: Messier, Claude
Venue: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2004-11
Volume: 26
Issue: 8
Pages: 1044-1080
ISSN: 0165-0475 (ISSN-L)
1380-3395
1744-411X
DOI: 10.1080/13803390490514875
OpenAlex: W2025771431
Cited by: 551
References: 174
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 31
FWCI: 11.20
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
Keywords: type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, cognitive function, glycemic control, verbal memory, processing speed, depression, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, microangiopathy, macroangiopathy, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, cognitive decline, older adults
MeSH terms: Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Dementia, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Intelligence Tests, Longitudinal Studies, Neuropsychological Tests, Glucose Intolerance, Diabetes Complications

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The Relationship between Impaired Glucose Tolerance, Type 2 Diabetes, and Cognitive Function

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