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Anti-inflammatory activity of clove ( Eugenia caryophyllata ) essential oil in human dermal fibroblasts
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb. [Myrtaceae]) essential oil (CEO) has been shown to possess antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. However, few studies have focused on its topical use. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the biological activity of a commercially available CEO in a human skin disease model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated the effect of CEO on 17 protein biomarkers that play critical roles in inflammation and tissue remodelling in a validated human dermal fibroblast system, which was designed to model chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Four concentrations of CEO (0.011, 0.0037, 0.0012, and 0.00041%, v/v) were studied. The effect of 0.011% CEO on genome-wide gene expression was also evaluated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: CEO at a concentration of 0.011% showed robust antiproliferative effects on human dermal fibroblasts. It significantly inhibited the increased production of several proinflammatory biomarkers such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), interferon γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10), interferon-inducible T-cell α chemoattractant (I-TAC), and monokine induced by γ interferon (MIG). CEO also significantly inhibited tissue remodelling protein molecules, namely, collagen-I, collagen-III, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2). Furthermore, it significantly modulated global gene expression and altered signalling pathways critical for inflammation, tissue remodelling, and cancer signalling processes. CEO significantly inhibited VCAM-1 and collagen III at both protein and gene expression levels. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides important evidence of CEO-induced anti-inflammatory and tissue remodelling activity in human dermal fibroblasts. This study also supports the anticancer properties of CEO and its major active component eugenol.
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“It decreased the levels of inflammatory biomarkers such as VCAM-1, IP-10, I-TAC, and MIG, in addition to inhibiting the tissue remodeling protein molecules collagen I, collagen III, M-CSF, and TIMP-1 [26,87,109].”
From Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health (2021) · cites this paper as [87]
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“CEO has shown a low cytotoxic effect on normal cells, improving their antiproliferative activity [87,95,108].”
From Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health (2021) · cites this paper as [87]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Han, X., & Parker, T. L.
- Affiliations
- dōTERRA International, LLC, Pleasant Grove, UT, USA
- Corresponding author
- Han, Xuesheng
- Venue
- Pharmaceutical Biology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2017-01
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1619-1622
- ISSN
- 0925-1618 (ISSN-L)
- 1388-0209
- 1744-5116
- PMC
- PMC6130734
- OpenAlex
- W2605400447
- Cited by
- 168
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 11.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Pharmaceutical Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- dōTERRA
- doTERRA International
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Wound Healing and Treatments
- Keywords
- clove oil, Syzygium aromaticum, anti-inflammatory activity, human dermal fibroblasts, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, tissue remodeling, pro-inflammatory markers, VCAM-1, type III collagen, eugenol, gene expression profiling, antiproliferative activity
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Cells, Cultured, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Eugenol, Fibroblasts, Fibrosis, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Inflammation, Neoplasms, Oils, Volatile, Skin, Signal Transduction, Syzygium
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- Han, X., & Parker, T. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory activity of clove ( Eugenia caryophyllata ) essential oil in human dermal fibroblasts. Pharmaceutical Biology. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2017.1314513
