The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Institutionalizing Intersectionality in Europe: INTRODUCING THE THEME
Open accessAbstract
This Special Issue analyses the current transformations in anti-discrimination and equality policies in Europe. As a result of the expansion of European Union (EU) law to combat discrimination, a number of European countries have reformed their equality bodies and law. This has resulted in the creation of ‘single equality bodies’ in, for example, Britain, Norway and some Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs). Part of the argumentation for such reform is based on tackling multiple and intersecting discriminations more effectively. Our aim in this Introduction is to provide theoretical and contextual background for the two key research questions addressed in this Special Issue: in what ways is ‘intersectionality’ being institutionalized in equality bodies and law in Europe? What political and legal implications does this have for tackling inequalities? In particular, we discuss these pan-European developments in relation to feminist debates on intersectionality. While current legal and institutional innovations seem to provide some answers to the theoretical and practical issues posed by intersectionality, we seek also to highlight the challenges facing ongoing processes in the EU and its member states. Drawing a distinction between ‘intersectionality’ and ‘multiple discrimination’ we argue that the EU focuses on the latter, hence favouring anti-discrimination policy as opposed to other measures in furthering equality, thereby narrowing down the debate.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment.
Brewer, R. M., & Collins, P. H. (1992) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2074808 · Cited by 19,445
Crenshaw, K. (2018) · Feminist Legal Theory · doi:10.4324/9780429500480-5 · Cited by 9,510
The Complexity of Intersectionality
McCall, L. (2005) · Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society · doi:10.1086/426800 · Cited by 6,682 · cited 3×
“Importantly, it is the conjuncture of social structures and not identities to which intersectionality refers (McCall 2005; Weldon 2008; Conaghan 2009).”
BackgroundIntersectionality and Feminist Politics
Yuval‐Davis, N. (2006) · European Journal of Women s Studies · doi:10.1177/1350506806065752 · Cited by 2,732
When Multiplication Doesn't Equal Quick Addition: Examining Intersectionality as a Research Paradigm
Hancock, A. (2007) · Perspectives on Politics · doi:10.1017/s1537592707070065 · Cited by 2,148
Ain't I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism, by Bell Hooks
Perkins, L. M. (1983) · Political Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2150228 · Cited by 1,492
Racialized Boundaries: Race, Nation, Gender, Colour and Class and the Anti-Racist Struggle
Anthias, F., & Yuval‐Davis, N. (1992) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,142
Multiple inequalities, intersectionality and the European Union
Verloo, M. (2006) · European Journal of Women's Studies · doi:10.1177/1350506806065753 · Cited by 610
Congressional Enactments of Race–Gender: Toward a Theory of Raced–Gendered Institutions
Hawkesworth, M. (2003) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055403000868 · Cited by 577
Skjeie, H., Stetson, D. M., & Mazur, A. G. (1997) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2654030 · Cited by 552
The Discursive Politics of Gender Equality
Bacchi, C. (2009) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203881330 · Cited by 420
Soft Law in European Community Law
(2004) · Hart Publishing eBooks · doi:10.5040/9781472563101 · Cited by 416
Feminist Legal Theory: Readings In Law And Gender
Bartlett, K. T., & Kennedy, R. (2019) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 354
Integrating Gender: Women, Law, and Politics in the European Union
Hoffmann, S. H., & Hoskyns, C. (1996) · Foreign Affairs · doi:10.2307/20047782 · Cited by 348
The European Court and Civil Society
Cichowski, R. A. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511491924 · Cited by 305
Protest, Policy, and the Problem of Violence against Women
Weldon, S. L. (2002) · University of Pittsburgh Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctt7zw85q · Cited by 295
Welfare Reform and Sexual Regulation
Smith, A. M. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511619106 · Cited by 258
The New Politics of Gender Equality
Squires, J. (2007) · doi:10.1007/978-1-137-03653-7 · Cited by 238
Cooper, D. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511488764 · Cited by 205
Anti-Discrimination Law and the European Union
Bell, M. (2002) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199244508.001.0001 · Cited by 201
Ellis, E., & Watson, P. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199698462.001.0001 · Cited by 200
The new politics of gender equality
Squires, J. (2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.45-5819 · Cited by 196
(2008) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203890882 · Cited by 185
The European Court and Civil Society: Litigation, Mobilization and Governance
Cichowski, R. A. (2007) · Cited by 178
Protest, Policy, and the Problem of Violence against Women: A Cross-National Comparison
Bart, P. B., & Weldon, S. L. (2003) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/1556499 · Cited by 178
Intersectionality and Beyond: Law, Power and the Politics of Location
Boyd, S. (2011) · Canadian Journal of Women and the Law/Revue Femmes et Droit · doi:10.3138/cjwl.23.2.697 · Cited by 171
Kantola, J., & Outshoorn, J. (2007) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230591424_1 · Cited by 152
Self-citationWeldon, S. L. (2008) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511755910.009 · Cited by 139
Institutionalizing Intersectionality in the European Union?
Lombardo, E., & Verloo, M. (2009) · International Feminist Journal of Politics · doi:10.1080/14616740903237442 · Cited by 134
Challenging Diversity: Rethinking Equality and the Value of Difference
Cooper, D. (2004) · Cited by 128
The Price of Gender Equality: Member States and Governance in the European Union
van der Vleuten, A. (2007) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 125
Inequality, intersectionality and the politics of discourse: Framing feminist alliances
Ferree, M. M. (2009) · doi:10.4324/9780203881330-14 · Cited by 120
Social Law and Policy in an Evolving European Union
Shaw, J., & Barnard, C. (2000) · Hart Publishing eBooks · doi:10.5040/9781472562234 · Cited by 117
Hannett, S. (2003) · Oxford Journal of Legal Studies · doi:10.1093/ojls/23.1.65 · Cited by 89
`Islamic Headscarves' and the European Convention On Human Rights: an Intersectional Perspective
Vakulenko, A. (2007) · Social & Legal Studies · doi:10.1177/0964663907076527 · Cited by 68
Disciplinary Neoliberalism in the European Union and Gender Politics
Young, B. (2000) · New Political Economy · doi:10.1080/13563460050001998 · Cited by 67
Squires, J. (2009) · International Feminist Journal of Politics · doi:10.1080/14616740903237459 · Cited by 65
Double trouble: multiple discrimination and EU law
Fredman, S. (2005) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 49
The Implementation of European Anti‐Discrimination Directives: Converging towards a Common Model?
Bell, M. (2008) · The Political Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1467-923x.2008.00900.x · Cited by 48
Tackling multiple discrimination : practices, policies and laws
Bielefeldt, H. (2007) · Cited by 45
Agustín, L. R. (2008) · Parliamentary Affairs · doi:10.1093/pa/gsn015 · Cited by 40
(2005) · Cited by 37
Makkonen, T. (2002) · IB · Cited by 36
Howard, E. (2018) · International Journal of Discrimination and the Law · doi:10.1177/1358229118788454 · Cited by 31
Lombardo, E., & Verloo, M. (2009) · Radboud Repository (Radboud University) · doi:10.4324/9780203881330-13 · Cited by 30
Beyond European Labour Law? Reflections on the EU Racial Equality Directive
Bell, M. (2002) · European Law Journal · doi:10.1111/1468-0386.00159 · Cited by 28
Research agendas in EU studies: stalking the elephant.
Egan, M. P., Nugent, N., & Paterson, W. E. (2009) · Cited by 23
Intersectionality in theory and practice
Goldberg, S. B. (2008) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203890882-15 · Cited by 19
Institutionalizing Intersectionality
Koldinská, K. (2009) · International Feminist Journal of Politics · doi:10.1080/14616740903237509 · Cited by 17
Intersectionality: Traumatic impressions
Grabham, E. (2008) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203890882-17 · Cited by 14
Positive rights and positive duties: Addressing intersectionality
Fredman, S. (2009) · doi:10.4324/9780203892626-14 · Cited by 13
Multi-Dimensional Exclusion: Viewing Romani Marginalization Through the Nexus of Race and PovertyPreprint
Goodwin, M. (2008) · SSRN Electronic Journal · Cited by 9
Nielsen, R. (2009) · CBS Research Portal (Copenhagen Business School) · doi:10.4324/9780203892626-12 · Cited by 6
Meenan, H. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511493898.002 · Cited by 1
Research works printed but not linked: 13
- Bell M., 2000, Social Law and Policy in an Evolving European Union, 157
- 2004, Equality and Non-Discrimination in an Enlarged European Union
- Fredman S., 2005, European Anti-Discrimination Law Review, 2, 13
- Fredman S., 2008, European Union Non-Discrimination Law: Comparative Perspectives on Multidimensional Equality Law, 73
- Goodwin M., 2008, European Union Non-Discrimination Law: Comparative Perspectives on Multidimensional Equality Law, 137
- Grabham E., 2009, Intersectionality and Beyond: Law, Power and the Politics of Location, 183
- Grabham E., 2009, Intersectionality and Beyond: Law, Power and the Politics of Location, 1
- McColgan A., 2005, Discrimination Law: Texts, Cases and Materials
- Moon G., 2006, Justice Journal, 3, 86
- Nielsen R., 2008, European Union Non-discrimination Law: Comparative Perspectives on Multidimensional Equality Law, 31
- Nousiainen K., 2008, European Gender Equality Law Review, 1, 24
- Nousiainen K., 2008, European Union Non-Discrimination Law: Comparative Perspectives on Multidimensional Equality Law, 187
- Prechal S., 2008, European Gender Equality Law Review, 1, 8
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Intersectional what? Social divisions, intersectionality and levels of analysis
Anthias, F. (2012) · Ethnicities · doi:10.1177/1468796812463547 · Cited by 504
Unsafe Travel: Experiencing Intersectionality and Feminist Displacements
Lewis, G. (2013) · Signs · doi:10.1086/669609 · Cited by 324
From state feminism to market feminism?
Kantola, J., & Squires, J. (2012) · International Political Science Review · doi:10.1177/0192512111432513 · Cited by 270
Self-citationThe Difference That Power Makes: Intersectionality and Participatory Democracy
Hill Collins, P. (2017) · Investigaciones Feministas · doi:10.5209/infe.54888 · Cited by 192
Multiple Discrimination against Female Immigrants Wearing Headscarves
Weichselbaumer, D. (2019) · Industrial and Labor Relations Review · doi:10.1177/0019793919875707 · Cited by 184
Metadata
- Authors
- Kantola, J., & Nousiainen, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- University of Turku (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Kantola, Johanna
- ORCID
- Kantola, Johanna
- Venue
- International Feminist Journal of Politics
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2009-12
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 459-477
- ISSN
- 1461-6742 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-4470
- OpenAlex
- W1912131371
- Cited by
- 135
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 153.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Feminist Journal of Politics (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Law › Discrimination and Equality Law
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Feminist Theory and Gender Studies
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Feminism, Gender, and Sexuality Studies
- Keywords
- intersectionality, institutionalization, anti-discrimination policy, equality bodies, multiple discrimination, European Union law, feminist theory, Central and Eastern Europe, Great Britain, Norway
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review