The DOI matches its Crossref record; 81 of the 81 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Psychobiological Responses to Social Self Threat: Functional or Detrimental?
Abstract
A growing body of research suggests that threats to the social self, or threats to one's social esteem, acceptance, or status, can elicit a coordinated response, including increases in self-conscious emotion, cortisol, and proinflammatory cytokine activity. These psychobiological changes may have important benefits under certain acute contexts, including providing a signaling function for detecting social threat, initiating biological processes to adequately respond to the threat, and supporting behavioral patterns of submission or disengagement, which may be adaptive in this context. However, prolonged or chronic experiences of social self threat could have damaging mental and physical health consequences; situational and individual characteristics may render some more vulnerable to these negative effects.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“stressors that evoke the strongest inflammatory responses in the laboratory are those that involve social conflict, rejection, or exclusion”
From From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression. (2014) · cites this paper as Dickerson, Gruenewald, & Kemeny, 2009
Citations
Cites
The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.
Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.117.3.497 · Cited by 23,245
(1969) · Cited by 18,340
Attachment and Loss. Vol. 1. Attachment
Rever, G. W. (1972) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-197211000-00011 · Cited by 8,446
Sapolsky, R. M., Romero, L. M., & Munck, A. U. (2000) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.21.1.0389 · Cited by 7,541
From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain
Dantzer, R., O'Connor, J. C., Freund, G. G., Johnson, R. W., & Kelley, K. W. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2297 · Cited by 7,395
Protective and Damaging Effects of Stress Mediators
McEwen, B. S. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199801153380307 · Cited by 6,733 · cited 1×
“However, if the response is too strong (eg, large, exaggerated physiological changes) or goes on for too long (eg, delayed recovery from physiological activation), it could lead to potentially damaging over-exposure to stress-relevant physiological products (eg, McEwen, 1998 ).”
BackgroundDickerson, S. S., & Kemeny, M. E. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.355 · Cited by 5,881
Self-citationC-Reactive Protein, Interleukin 6, and Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Pradhan, A. D. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.286.3.327 · Cited by 4,433
Attachment and Loss. Vol. I. Attachment.
Jones, N. B., & Bowlby, J. (1970) · Man · doi:10.2307/2798963 · Cited by 4,208
Psychological stress and the human immune system: a meta-analytic study of 30 Years of inquiry
Segerstrom, S. C., & Miller, G. E. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.601 · Cited by 3,334
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- 10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497 · DOI · Paper page
- Dickerson S. S., 2008, Health Psychology, 116
- MacLean P. D., 1990, The triune brain in evolution
- 10.1210/er.21.1.55 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037/0021-843X.101.3.469 · DOI
- Weitzman O., 2008, HIV-related shame and guilt predict CD4 decline
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–136 of 136
Formal analysis of temporal dynamics in anxiety states and traits for virtual patients
Aziz, A. A., Ahmad, F. B., Yusof, N., Ahmad, F. K., & Yusof, S. A. M. (2016) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/1.4960841 · Cited by 1
Dealing with workplace conflict: the 'strikingly different worlds' of managers and subordinates
McKenzie, D. A. (2017) · Figshare · doi:10.4225/03/58901906f1531 · Cited by 1
Fall, K. L. (2014) · doi:10.17077/etd.sgp1g82z
Perceived relational evaluation : biological, psychological, and physical health correlates
Banitt, E. C. (2015) · UNI ScholarWorks (University of Northern Iowa)
The action crisis in the disengagement process from personal goals
Ghassemi, M. (2017) · Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) · doi:10.5167/uzh-145088
Dames, S. (2018) · Libraries and Cultural Resources (University of Calgary) · doi:10.11575/prism/31803
Hirata, S., Ishikawa, M., & Mazumdar, S. (2016) · doi:10.20786/mera.19.1_1
Early life adversities and social cognition in schizophrenia
Rokita, K. (2020) · ARAN (University of Galway Research Repository) (Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway) · doi:10.13025/17136
Conflict scenario emotion events in reality television: a cross-cultural perspective
Wilson, P. A. (2020) · Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego eBooks · doi:10.18778/8220-051-5.11
Wilson, P. A., & Lewandowska‐Tomaszczyk, B. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-52011-2_21
Harris, J. (2024) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394310517.ref
Positional Goods and Opportunity Hoarding
Thomas, A., Archer, A., & Engelen, B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197781722.003.0010
The Emotional Regimes of Roman Republicanism and Political Liberalism
Thomas, A., Archer, A., & Engelen, B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197781722.003.0008
Inequality, Shame, Envy, and Admiration
Thomas, A., Archer, A., & Engelen, B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197781722.003.0012
The Science of Happiness, Inequality, and Well-Being
Thomas, A., Archer, A., & Engelen, B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197781722.003.0011
Rousseau, Smith, and Hegel on the Emotional Regimes of Commercial Society
Thomas, A., Archer, A., & Engelen, B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197781722.003.0007
Thomas, A., Archer, A., & Engelen, B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197781722.003.0015
The Promises and Failures of Capitalist Market Societies
Thomas, A., Archer, A., & Engelen, B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197781722.003.0009
Emotions, Explanations, and Emotional Regimes
Thomas, A., Archer, A., & Engelen, B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197781722.003.0006
Empirical Data on Inequality and the Dual Economy
Thomas, A., Archer, A., & Engelen, B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197781722.003.0003
Thomas, A., Archer, A., & Engelen, B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197781722.002.0005
The False Promise of Meritocracy and Its Emotional Regime
Thomas, A., Archer, A., & Engelen, B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197781722.003.0013
Recruiting the Science of Happiness
Thomas, A., Archer, A., & Engelen, B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197781722.003.0005
Liberal and Republican Emotional Regimes Revisited
Thomas, A., Archer, A., & Engelen, B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197781722.003.0014
Thomas, A., Archer, A., & Engelen, B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197781722.003.0001
Thomas, A., Archer, A., & Engelen, B. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197781722.002.0004
Sleep deprivation enhances self-protective behavior after negative social feedback
Zou, F., Yang, X., Luo, Y., Zhang, X., Feng, S., Du, M., Zhang, R., Peng, Y., Sima, J., Wang, Y., et al. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-08834-4
Modelling the induction of social stress in immersive virtual reality simulations
Kessassi, C. (2025) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/e27b6034zdab3z4ef9zab77zc9b1843e113c
Functionally distinct smiles elicit different physiological responses in an evaluative contextPreprint
Niedenthal, P. M., & Martin, J. (2019) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)
Newton, C. S., Kea-Edwards, A., & Pace, A. (2026) · Journal of Creativity in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/15401383.2026.2676657
Threats to social safety and pain: A global study
Baranik, L. E., Gorman, B., Seguin, C., & Schubiner, H. H. (2026) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2026.106374
Madison, A. A., Chermside, J., Robinson, V. A., Chang, S., Kamath, N., Deering, J., Ashare, C., Parikh, T., & Giollabhui, N. M. (2026) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2026.107029
Shame --- the Good, the Bad and the Ugly: Therapist Perspectives
Hulstrand, K. L. (2015) · SOPHIA (St. Catherine University)
Metadata
- Authors
- Dickerson, S. S., Gruenewald, T. L., & Kemeny, M. E.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dickerson, Sally S.
- Venue
- Self and Identity
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2009-04
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 270-285
- ISSN
- 1529-8868 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-8876
- OpenAlex
- W2013916061
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 9 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 5.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Self and Identity (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Keywords
- social self-esteem, social acceptance, social status, self-conscious emotions, cortisol, inflammatory cytokines, submission behavior, disengagement, health effects
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review