An exploratory analysis of students’ perceptions of mental health in the media
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of mental illness in society, the media’s portrayal of mental health fosters stigmatizing attitudes that inhibit many people from seeking treatment. This study surveyed college students enrolled in social work courses (n = 139) to learn about the relationship between mental health knowledge students gleaned from the media, their perception of media portrayals of mental illness as realistic, and the subsequent impact on student attitudes. Analysis of the data found that almost a quarter of the students surveyed reported television and film as their primary source of education about mental illness. Students who received their primary mental health education from television and film were more likely to believe they were seeing realistic portrayals of mental illness and view portrayed stereotypes of mental illness as acceptable. Implications regarding students’ stigmatizing attitudes and students’ identification of persons with mental illness are discussed.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
International students may be reluctant to seek professional help from counselling centres or other services.
“International students may be reluctant to seek help from counselling centres or other services (Aguiniga, Madden, & Zellmann, 2016;Forbes-Mewett & Sawyer, 2016).”
From The effectiveness of a five-session workshop on the distress of international students in Finland – a pilot study. (2023) · cites this paper as Aguiniga, Madden, & Zellmann, 2016
Cites
Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2001) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.363 · Cited by 8,848 · see citing works
How stigma interferes with mental health care.
Corrigan, P. (2004) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.59.7.614 · Cited by 3,648 · see citing works
The Paradox of Self-Stigma and Mental Illness
Corrigan, P. W., & Watson, A. C. (2002) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.9.1.35 · Cited by 1,919 · see citing works
On the Self-Stigma of Mental Illness: Stages, Disclosure, and Strategies for Change
Corrigan, P. W., & Rao, D. (2012) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371205700804 · Cited by 1,208 · see citing works
Stigma and Help Seeking for Mental Health Among College Students
Eisenberg, D., Downs, M. F., Golberstein, E., & Zivin, K. (2009) · Medical Care Research and Review · doi:10.1177/1077558709335173 · Cited by 1,193 · see citing works
Mental health consumers' experience of stigma.
Wahl, O. F. (1999) · Schizophrenia bulletin · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033394 · Cited by 1,009 · see citing works
Vogel, D. L., Wade, N. G., & Hackler, A. H. (2007) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.54.1.40 · Cited by 965 · see citing works
Mental Illness Stigma, Help Seeking, and Public Health Programs
Henderson, C., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2013) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2012.301056 · Cited by 959 · see citing works
Emotional openness as a predictor of college students' attitudes toward seeking psychological help.
Komiya, N., Good, G. E., & Sherrod, N. B. (2000) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.47.1.138 · Cited by 766 · see citing works
Prejudice, Social Distance, and Familiarity with Mental Illness
Corrigan, P. W., Edwards, A. B., Green, A. J., Diwan, S., & Penn, D. L. (2001) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006868 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
Challenging Two Mental Illness Stigmas: Personal Responsibility and Dangerousness
Corrigan, P. W., Rowan, D., Green, A., Lundin, R., River, P., Wasowski, K. U., White, K., & Kubiak, M. A. (2002) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006939 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
The stigma of mental illness: Explanatory models and methods for change
Corrigan, P. W., Kerr, A. N., & Knudsen, L. (2005) · Applied and Preventive Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appsy.2005.07.001 · Cited by 550 · see citing works
Media madness: public images of mental illness
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.33-5754 · Cited by 538 · see citing works
Perceived Stigma and Barriers to Mental Health Care Utilization Among OEF-OIF Veterans
Pietrzak, R. H., Johnson, D. C., Goldstein, M. B., Malley, J. C., & Southwick, S. M. (2009) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.2009.60.8.1118 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Shortfall in mental health service utilisation
Andrews, G., Issakidis, C., & Carter, G. (2001) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.179.5.417 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Mental Disorders Stigma in the Media: Review of Studies on Production, Content, and Influences
Klin, A., & Lemish, D. (2008) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730802198813 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Desire for Social Distance from People with Mental Disorders
Jorm, A. F., & Oh, E. (2009) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00048670802653349 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Avoidance of Counseling: Psychological Factors That Inhibit Seeking Help
Vogel, D. L., Wester, S. R., & Larson, L. M. (2007) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2007.tb00609.x · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Overton, S. L., & Medina, S. (2008) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2008.tb00491.x · Cited by 312 · see citing works
The impact of contact on stigmatizing attitudes toward people with mental illness
Alexander, L. A., & Link, B. G. (2003) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/0963823031000118267 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Do mental health professionals stigmatize their patients?
Lauber, C., Nordt, C., Braunschweig, C., & Wulf Rössler, A. (2006) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00718.x · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Vogel, D. L., Wade, N. G., & Ascheman, P. L. (2009) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0014903 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
News Media Framing of Serious Mental Illness and Gun Violence in the United States, 1997-2012
McGinty, E. E., Webster, D. W., Jarlenski, M., & Barry, C. L. (2014) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301557 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Depictions of Mental Illness in Print Media: A Prospective National Sample
Coverdale, J., Nairn, R., & Claasen, D. (2002) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.00998.x · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Homicidal Maniacs and Narcissisfic Parasites: Stigmatization of Mentally Ill Persons in the Movies
Hyler, S. E., Gabbard, G. O., & Schneider, I. (1991) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.42.10.1044 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
How mental illness is portrayed in children's television
Wilson, C., Nairn, R., Coverdale, J., & Panapa, A. (2000) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.176.5.440 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Quinn, N., Wilson, A., MacIntyre, G., & Tinklin, T. (2009) · British Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069880903161385 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Impact of a television film on attitudes toward mental illness
Wahl, O. F., & Lefkowits, J. Y. (1989) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf00931176 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Depictions of mental illnesses in children's media
Wahl, O. F. (2003) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/0963823031000118230 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Mann, C. E., & Himelein, M. J. (2008) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-008-0324-2 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Influence of newspaper reporting on adolescents’ attitudes toward people with mental illness
Dietrich, S., Heider, D., Matschinger, H., & Angermeyer, M. C. (2006) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-005-0026-y · Cited by 121 · see citing works
University Students' Attitudes Towards Mental Patients and Psychiatric Treatment
Chung, K., Chen, E. Y. H., & Liu, C. S. M. (2001) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/002076400104700206 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Primary Care, Behavioral Health, and Public Health: Partners in Reducing Mental Health Stigma
Shim, R. S., & Rust, G. S. (2013) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301214 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
How does stigma affect work in people with serious mental illnesses?
Corrigan, P. W., Powell, K. J., & Rüsch, N. (2012) · Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.1037/h0094497 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Direct Practice Interests of Entering MSW Students
Rubin, A., & Johnson, P. J. (1984) · Journal of Education for Social Work · doi:10.1080/00220612.1984.10778733 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Arria, A. M., Winick, E. R., Garnier-Dykstra, L. M., Vincent, K. B., Caldeira, K. M., Wilcox, H. C., & O’Grady, K. E. (2011) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.005562010 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Boyd, C., Francis, K., Aisbett, D., Newnham, K., Sewell, J., Dawes, G., & Nurse, S. (2007) · Australian Journal of Rural Health · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1584.2007.00884.x · Cited by 104 · see citing works
The Role of Public and Self-Stigma in Predicting Attitudes Toward Group Counseling
Vogel, D. L., Shechtman, Z., & Wade, N. G. (2010) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000010368297 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Direct Practice Interests of MSW Students: Changes from Entry to Graduation
Rubin, A., Johnson, P. J., & DeWeaver, K. L. (1986) · Journal of Social Work Education · doi:10.1080/10437797.1986.10671744 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Media consumption and desire for social distance towards people with schizophrenia
Angermeyer, M. C., Dietrich, S., Pott, D., & Matschinger, H. (2005) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.12.005 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Ilic, M., Reinecke, J., Bohner, G., Röttgers, H. O., Beblo, T., Drießen, M., Frommberger, U., & Corrigan, P. W. (2013) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/01973533.2012.746619 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Ting, L. A. (2011) · Journal of Social Work Education · doi:10.5175/jswe.2011.200900092 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Happell, B., Robins, A., & Gough, K. (2008) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2007.01203.x · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Anagnostopoulos, F., & Hantzi, A. (2011) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.1082 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Eack, S. M., & Newhill, C. E. (2008) · Journal of Social Work Education · doi:10.5175/jswe.2008.200700009 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Collins, S. (2006) · Social Work Education · doi:10.1080/02615470600738809 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The Joker: A Dark Night for Depictions of Mental Illness
Camp, M. E., Webster, C. R., Coverdale, T. R., Coverdale, J., & Nairn, R. (2010) · Academic Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ap.34.2.145 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Ray, L., & Hinnant, A. (2009) · The journal of magazine media · doi:10.1353/jmm.2009.0004 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Refining the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale:
Ang, R. P.-H., Lau, S., Tan, A.-G., & Lim, K. M. (2007) · Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development · doi:10.1080/07481756.2007.11909810 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Enhancing Attitudes and Reducing Fears about Mental Health Counseling: An Analogue Study
Ægisdóttir, S., O'Heron, M. P., Hartong, J. M., Haynes, S., & Linville, M. (2011) · Journal of Mental Health Counseling · doi:10.17744/mehc.33.4.a5673mh711w3g441 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
An Examination of the Impact of a Biological Anti-Stigma Message for Depression on College Students
Boucher, L. A., & Campbell, D. G. (2014) · Journal of College Student Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/87568225.2014.854686 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Popular Magazines
Wahl, O. F. (2000) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1023/a:1001913415961 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Dispelling Myths About Schizophrenia Using Film
Owen, P. (2007) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.0021-9029.2007.00147.x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Using Popular Media to Reduce New College Students’ Mental Illness Stigma
Theriot, M. T. (2013) · Social Work in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/15332985.2012.745462 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Puspitasari, I. M., Garnisa, I. T., Sinuraya, R. K., & Witriani, W. (2020) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s274337 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
An Exploration of Mental Health Discussions in Live Streaming Gaming Communities
Gandhi, R., Cook, C. L., LaMastra, N., Uttarapong, J., & Wohn, D. Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.575653 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Abdelkader, A., Joseph, B., Anish, L., Kaur, M., Bourke, S. L., Hayes, C. C., Thong, M., Plummer, V., & Jacob, S. (2024) · Nursing Open · doi:10.1002/nop2.70030 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Brandolin, F., Lappalainen, P., Gorinelli, S., Muotka, J., Räsänen, P., & Lappalainen, R. (2023) · British Journal of Guidance & Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069885.2023.2165636 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
International Student Migration and Mental Health
Gan, J., & Forbes‐Mewett, H. (2019) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-78756-911-920191009 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Mervat, R. H., Zeinab, A.-H. L., & Abdel-Aziz, A. E. (2022) · Egyptian Journal of Health Care · doi:10.21608/ejhc.2022.255696 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hayes, C. C., Bourke, S. L., Jacob, S., Joseph, B., Anish, L., Plummer, V., & Abdelkader, A. (2025) · Nursing Open · doi:10.1002/nop2.70249
Mental health of university students in the information society: A review of social media's impact
Khang, N. T., Tuong, N. V., & Ha, L. T. M. (2025) · Multidisciplinary Reviews · doi:10.31893/multirev.2025436
- Authors
- Aguiniga, D. M., Madden, E. E., & Zellmann, K. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Alaska Anchorage (US)
- The University of Texas at Arlington (US)
- Western Illinois University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Aguiniga, Donna M.
- Venue
- Social Work in Mental Health
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-01-05
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 428-444
- ISSN
- 1533-2985 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-2993
- OpenAlex
- W2336338604
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 0.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Social Work in Mental Health (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- WIU Foundation Office and the WIU Office of Sponsored Projects (SU2011)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Literature and Literary Theory › Media Influence and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Keywords
- media representation of mental illness, mental health stigma, university students, social work students, mental illness stereotypes, film and television, attitudes toward people with mental illness, help-seeking
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review