Cited by 296Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchChild Therapy and DevelopmentChild Abuse and Trauma

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Evidence Base Update for Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents Exposed to Traumatic Events

Dorsey, Shannon, McLaughlin, Katie A., Kerns, Suzanne E. U., Harrison, Julie P., Lambert, Hilary K., Briggs, Ernestine C., Revillion Cox, Julia, Amaya-Jackson, Lisa·2017·Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology

DOI 10.1080/15374416.2016.1220309

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Abstract

Child and adolescent trauma exposure is prevalent, with trauma exposure-related symptoms, including posttraumatic stress, depressive, and anxiety symptoms often causing substantial impairment. This article updates the evidence base on psychosocial treatments for child and adolescent trauma exposure completed for this journal by Silverman et al. (2008). For this review, we focus on 37 studies conducted during the seven years since the last review. Treatments are grouped by overall treatment family (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy), treatment modality (e.g., individual vs. group), and treatment participants (e.g., child only vs. child and parent). All studies were evaluated for methodological rigor according to Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology evidence-based treatment evaluation criteria (Southam-Gerow & Prinstein, 2014), with cumulative designations for level of support for each treatment family. Individual CBT with parent involvement, individual CBT, and group CBT were deemed well-established; group CBT with parent involvement and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) were deemed probably efficacious; individual integrated therapy for complex trauma and group mind–body skills were deemed possibly efficacious; individual client-centered play therapy, individual mind–body skills, and individual psychoanalysis were deemed experimental; and group creative expressive + CBT was deemed questionable efficacy. Advances in the evidence base, with comparisons to the state of the science at the time of the Silverman et al. (2008) review, are discussed. Finally, we present dissemination and implementation challenges and areas for future research.

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Background
Should We Use Clinician Self-Report to Tailor Implementation Strategies? Predicting Use of Youth CBT with Clinician Self-Report Versus Direct Observation
Schriger, S. H., Marcus, S. C., Becker‐Haimes, E. M., & Beidas, R. S. (2024) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-024-01421-y · Cited by 3
“…we examined whether the association between candidate predictors of clinician cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) use (a core psychosocial EBP; Dorsey et al., 2017; Higa-McMillan et al., 2016; Hofmann et al., 2012 ; Weisz et al., 2017), and clinician CBT use scores differed when measured via…”
Review: School‐based interventions for child and adolescent survivors of natural disasters – a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Laksmita, O. D., Chung, M., Banda, K. J., Shieh, Y., Waluya, S. D., Warsini, S., & Chang, P. (2025) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/camh.70029 · Cited by 6
Psychological treatments for young children suffering from trauma-related symptomatology: Systematic review and partial meta-analyses of the current evidence-base for 12 methods
Alkærsig, M., Banzon, T., Roest, J. J., Elklit, A., Stein, A. R., Vang, M. L., & Løkkegaard, S. S. (2026) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2026.102725 · Cited by 5
Gewalt in der Kindheit und ihre Folgen
de Haan, A., Deegener, G., & Landolt, M. A. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-58470-5_7 · Cited by 3
Mitigating the impact of intimate partner violence in pregnancy and early childhood: A dyadic approach to psychotherapy
Ponting, C., Tomlinson, R. C., Chu, A. T., & Lieberman, A. F. (2023) · Family Court Review · doi:10.1111/fcre.12766 · Cited by 4
Large-Scale Evaluation of Satisfaction, Intent to Use, and Confidence with an Online Learning Course for a Well-Established, Evidence-Based Trauma Treatment: TFCBT Web 2.0
McGuire, A., Rancher, C. E., Glover, J., & Smith, D. W. (2024) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2024.2324760 · Cited by 3
“…intent to use, and confidence from an evaluation survey among learners who completed TFCBT Web 2.0 (Table 1), a publicly available web-course focused on understanding and implementing TF-CBT (Cohen et al., 2017), a well-established treatment for children exposed to trauma (Dorsey et al., 2017).”
Influential
Are Differences Evident in the Ways Boys and Girls Appraise and Interpret Their Traumatic Experiences? A Qualitative Analysis of Youth Trauma Narratives
Ascienzo, S., Sprang, G., & Royse, D. D. (2024) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/vv-2024-0003 · Cited by 3
Impact of family and caregiver factors on development and behaviours in maltreated young children
Li, Y. K., Agarwal, P. K., Oh, J. Y., Ong, L. M., Chow, W. H., Daniel, L. M., Chay, O. M., Low, C. J. W., & Yeleswarapu, S. P. (2024) · Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore · doi:10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.202489 · Cited by 3
A randomized controlled trial testing supervision strategies in community mental health
Dorsey, S., AlRasheed, R., Kerns, S. E. U., Meza, R. D., Triplett, N. S., Deblinger, E., Jungbluth, N. J., Berliner, L., Naithani, L., & Pullmann, M. D. (2025) · Implementation Research and Practice · doi:10.1177/26334895251330523 · Cited by 3
“TF-CBT is an EBT designed to address symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTS), depression and disruptive behaviors among youth exposed to traumatic events (Cohen et al., 2017; Dorsey, McLaughlin et al., 2017).”
Implementation of a Trauma-Specific, Evidence-Informed Treatment for Adolescents: Two Cases Highlighting How to and How Not to Integrate
Grefe, C. N., Brown, E. J., Lang, C. M., & Sharma-Patel, K. (2019) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2019.07.009 · Cited by 3
The implementation potential of a method to monitor empirically-supported children’s mental health treatment through claims data
Walker, S. C., Gubner, N. R., Iztguttinov, A., Rodriguez, F. I., Davis, P., Lyon, A. R., Kerns, S. E. U., Bruns, E. J., Qian, J., & Sedlar, G. R. (2021) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-021-07317-z · Cited by 3
“Only interventions meeting the evidence standards of Level 1 (systematic reviews and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials), Level 2 (one or more randomized controlled trials), or Level 3 (controlled trial, no randomization) from APA-sponsored reviews [26, 36, 37] are added to the unique EST claims codes each…”
Method
Implementing Telehealth-Based TF-CBT with Support of Interpretation: A Case Study
Gusler, S., Moreland, A. D., & de Arellano, M. A. (2022) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2022.2042875 · Cited by 3
“Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT; J. Cohen et al., 2012) has extensive empirical evidence, from several randomized controlled trials, demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing trauma-related symptoms for youth (e.g., Dorsey et al., 2017).”
Background
Child maltreatment and victimization
Scheuplein, M., Vermeulen, S., van Harmelen, A., & Alink, L. R. A. (2023) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821375-9.00001-3 · Cited by 4
Group-Delivered Trauma-Focused CBT Integrating Racial Socialization: A Multiple Case Study
Lee, A. H., Silver, J., Shen, J., Farquharson, W. H., Bernard, K., & Metzger, I. W. (2024) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2024.08.002 · Cited by 3
Bayes factor benefits for clinical psychology: review of child and adolescent evidence base
Bertelsen, T. B., Hoffart, A., Rekdal, S. S., & Zahl‐Olsen, R. (2022) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.76842.2 · Cited by 3
Overview of Psychological and Psychiatric Interventions After Trauma: Counseling, Psychotherapy, and Medications
Brewer‐Smyth, K. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08801-8_11 · Cited by 4
Prevention of PTSD in Children and Adolescents
Brymer, M. J., Louie, K. A., & Berkowitz, S. J. (2019) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/00485713-20190603-01 · Cited by 3
The Prevalence and Treatment of Adjustment Disorders Among Children at Outpatient Mental Health Clinics
Lee, P., Lang, J. M., Bodley, M., Vanderploeg, J. J., & Marshall, T. M. (2023) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2023.2292035 · Cited by 2
“Additionally, clinicians may use trauma-specific treatments such as TF-CBT or CBITS for children with adjustment disorders who experienced traumatic stress, and these treatments are evidence-based for symptoms of anxiety, depression, or conduct resulting from trauma exposure (Dorsey et al., 2017).”
An Evaluation of a Trauma-Informed Intervention in Secure Juvenile Detention: The Impact on Youth-Level Incidents of Violence
Baetz, C. L., Surko, M., Guo, F., Marr, M. C., Workman, S., Havens, J. F., & Horwitz, S. M. (2024) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/00938548241297281 · Cited by 2
“Overall, trauma-specific interventions using a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) framework have been consistently identified as effective treatments for trauma-related mental health symptoms among youth in community settings (Dorsey et al., 2017).”
Influential
Resilience in Adverse Contexts: Youth and Clinician Perspectives on Navigating Community Violence
Boulware, A., & Bibbs, D. L. (2026) · Children · doi:10.3390/children13010122 · Cited by 2
“Recent reviews affirm the general efficacy of CBT and TF-CBT but highlight the need for context-specific adaptations in chronically violent and disinvested communities [45].”
Strengthening foster children’s skills: a descriptive study on a trauma-informed group intervention
Brinkerink, S. E. M., Schlattmann, N., Goris, M., & Hein, I. M. (2026) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2025.2612414 · Cited by 2
“Furthermore, TyD does not include trauma-processing aimed at reducing PTSS, as exposing children in a group to traumatic memories of other children is not desirable (Dorsey et al., 2016).”
Can Common Elements Support a Public Health Approach to Child Maltreatment?
Polimeni, M., Tan, E. S., Seah, C. K. F., Lewis, J., McLeod, B. D., & Bjørndal, A. (2022) · International Journal on Child Maltreatment Research Policy and Practice · doi:10.1007/s42448-022-00127-8 · Cited by 2
Returning to sport after injury: the influence of injury appraisals and post-traumatic stress symptoms on adolescent risk-taking intentions post-injury
Seasons, M., & Morrongiello, B. A. (2024) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsae001 · Cited by 2
Comparing Rates of Mental Health Diagnosis in Adolescents Evaluated at a Community Clinic Versus Detention-Based Clinic: Is Traumatic Stress Still Most Salient?
Snyder, S. E., Mayinja, L. S., Robles-Ramamurthy, B., Elzarka, A., Bath, E. P. J., & Folk, J. B. (2024) · Psychological Injury and Law · doi:10.1007/s12207-024-09501-y · Cited by 2
“…physical accessibility to allow for engagement with healthcare, this setting may offer some favorable circumstances to reach adolescents and families for trauma-focused assessment and treatment, which are the standard of care for the treatment of PTSD (Dorsey et al., 2017; Salloum et al., 2022).”
The sustainability of a community-based learning collaborative to improve the use of trauma-informed evidence-based practices
Casline, E. P., Patel, Z. S., Toranzo, T., Ramirez, V., & Jensen‐Doss, A. (2024) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.108001 · Cited by 2
The role of emotion regulation strategies in the association between physical abuse and borderline symptoms among deprived youth in Ecuador
Murgueitio, N., Trueba, A. F., & Pluck, G. C. (2025) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108430 · Cited by 3
Child Adoption, Posttraumatic-Stress Disorder and the Role of a Paediatrician in the Adoption Process
Onyiriuka, A. N. (2019) · Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society · doi:10.3126/jnps.v38i2.20815 · Cited by 2
Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT)
Allen, B., Riden, E., & Shenk, C. E. (2020) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0700-8_5 · Cited by 2
Efficacité d’une intervention pour les adolescentes victimes d’agression sexuelle
Pognon, Q., Tremblay‐Perreault, A., & Hébert, M. (2020) · Sexologies · doi:10.1016/j.sexol.2020.11.005 · Cited by 2
Childhood Violence and Its Consequences
de Haan, A., Deegener, G., & Landolt, M. A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-64057-9_7 · Cited by 2
Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Döpfner, M. (2024) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-66744-6_72 · Cited by 2
Coping with stress: person-environment transactions, diversity, and development
Zimmer‐Gembeck, M. J., & Skinner, E. A. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91497-0.00125-9 · Cited by 5
Trauma-related disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder
Messman, T. L., LaPlena, N. M., & Wilensky, S. M. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91497-0.00190-9 · Cited by 4
Feasibility and Satisfaction with Virtual Trainings for Evidence-Based Child Trauma Treatments during the COVID-19 Pandemic
John, S. G., Cooley, D. T., Smith, A., Roberts, L. T., Dougherty, E. H., Mesman, G. R., Pemberton, J. R., Vanderzee, K. L., Church, J. K., & Sievers, C. M. (2022) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2022.2111726 · Cited by 1
“Fortunately, there are several evidence-based treatments (EBTs) that have empirical support for reducing trauma symptoms, such as Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), and Child-Parent Psychotherapy (CPP; Cohen et al., 2017; Dorsey et al., 2017; Lieberman et al.…”
BackgroundInfluential
It’s a Bird! It’s a Plane! It’s a Logotherapist! Using Superheroes in Viktor Frankl’s Logotherapy
Bishop, J. (2024) · Logotherapy and existential analysis: proceedings of the Viktor Frankl Institute Vienna · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-48922-8_20 · Cited by 1
Social Workers’ Attitudes and Beliefs about MDMA-Assisted Therapy for Adolescents with PTSD
Mian, M. N., Horan, J., Hunter, T., Davis, A. K., & Armstrong, S. B. (2025) · Social Work · doi:10.1093/sw/swaf005 · Cited by 1
Mental health sequelae of violent injury in children: a review
Schuh, J. M., Molitor, S. J., Wilson, D. J., Marik, P. K., Fischer, E. A., Calkins, C. M., & Flynn‐O’Brien, K. T. (2025) · Pediatric Surgery International · doi:10.1007/s00383-025-05991-2 · Cited by 1
“Other treatment approaches commonly offered to children and adolescents, such as play therapy, have an unclear evidence base for treatment of psychological symptoms after trauma [55, 57].”
Disorienting Dilemma, Trauma, and Transformation: Investigating the Experiences of Bahamian Educators Post-Natural Disasters
Bano, S., Saunders, F., Mensah, I., Barayan, A., & Antiwi-Boasiakoh, F. (2025) · Journal of Transformative Education · doi:10.1177/15413446251334371 · Cited by 2
EMBRACE the Healing
McKernan, R., & O’Toole, C. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-1293-3.ch008 · Cited by 1
Impact of Chronic Multi-Context Violence on Post-Traumatic Stress and Aggression Among Israeli and Palestinian Youth
Boxer, P., Dubow, E. F., Docherty, M., Huesmann, L. R., Landau, S. F., Shikaki, K. I., & Algrim, K. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2026.2617210 · Cited by 1
“Evidence-based models for the treatment of habitual aggression and post-traumatic stress already have been developed, as highlighted in recent focused reviews in these arenas (see Dorsey et al., 2017; McCart et al., 2023).”

Authors: Dorsey, S., McLaughlin, K. A., Kerns, S. E. U., Harrison, J. P., Lambert, H. K., Briggs, E. C., Revillion Cox, J., & Amaya-Jackson, L.
Affiliations: University of Washington (US)
Duke University (US)
Corresponding author: Dorsey, Shannon
ORCID: Dorsey, Shannon
McLaughlin, Katie A.
Kerns, Suzanne E. U.
Harrison, Julie P.
Lambert, Hilary K.
Briggs, Ernestine C.
Amaya-Jackson, Lisa
Venue: Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2016-10-19
Volume: 46
Issue: 3
Pages: 303-330
ISSN: 1537-4416 (ISSN-L)
1537-4424
DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2016.1220309
OpenAlex: W4252106176
Cited by: 296
References: 118
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 3
FWCI: 30.31
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology (publishedVersion)
Digital Commons - DU (University of Denver) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (K01 MH092526, R01 MH095749, R01 MH096633, R01 MH103291, R25 MH080916)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Therapy and Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Keywords: psychosocial interventions, post-traumatic stress, cognitive behavioral therapy, parental involvement, group therapy, EMDR, complex trauma, play therapy, psychoanalysis, treatment efficacy, dissemination and implementation

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Evidence Base Update for Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents Exposed to Traumatic Events

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