The DOI matches its Crossref record; 68 of the 68 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Clinically Significant Anxiety in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Varied Intellectual Functioning
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To evaluate how distinct presentations of anxiety symptoms and intellectual impairment influence the measurement and estimated rate of clinically significant anxiety in autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Method: The sample included 75 children (ages 9–13 years) with ASD and varied IQ and 52 typically developing (TD) controls and parents. Parents completed anxiety symptom scales and a diagnostic interview, designed to (1) differentiate anxiety and ASD and (2) examine DSM-specified and unspecified (“distinct”) anxiety presentations in each child, including fears of change, special interests, idiosyncratic stimuli and social confusion rather than evaluation. Children completed standard intellectual and ASD diagnostic assessments.Results: 69% of those with ASD had clinically-significant anxiety, including 21% DSM-specified anxiety disorders, 17% distinct anxiety, and 31% both. Only 8% of TD children had clinically-significant anxiety, all DSM-specified. DSM-specified anxiety disorders in children with ASD and intellectual impairment (IQ<70) were predominantly specific phobias. DSM-specified anxiety other than specific phobia was significantly less common in children with, versus without, intellectual impairment; this was not the case for distinct anxiety. The sensitivities of anxiety scales were moderate to poor, particularly in cases with intellectual impairment.Conclusions: ASD is associated with more frequent and varied presentations of clinical anxiety, which may align with and differ from the specified anxiety disorders of the DSM. Standard parent report anxiety scales have reduced sensitivity to detect clinical anxiety in ASD, particularly in children with intellectual impairment.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“A prospective study from 2021 demonstrated that 69% of youth with ASD had clinically significant anxiety, compared to 8% of typically developing children [92].”
From Pharmacological treatment in autism: a proposal for guidelines on common co-occurring psychiatric symptoms (2025) · cites this paper as [92]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Co-occurring anxiety is common among children and adolescents with ASD.”
From Pharmacological treatment in autism: a proposal for guidelines on common co-occurring psychiatric symptoms (2025) · cites this paper as [92]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The anxiety signs and symptoms observed among children with ASD were highly varied, both corresponding and contrasting with the specified anxiety disorders of the DSM [68, 70, 92].”
From Pharmacological treatment in autism: a proposal for guidelines on common co-occurring psychiatric symptoms (2025) · cites this paper as [92]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02172145 · Cited by 9,065
(1943) · The Nervous child · Cited by 8,870
Baio, J., Wiggins, L., Christensen, D. L., Maenner, M. J., Daniels, J., Warren, Z., Kurzius-Spencer, M., Zahorodny, W., Robinson, C., Rosenberg, et al. (2018) · MMWR. Surveillance Summaries · doi:10.15585/mmwr.ss6706a1 · Cited by 6,078
Simonoff, E., Pickles, A., Charman, T., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., & Baird, G. (2008) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e318179964f · Cited by 3,399
De Los Reyes, A., & Kazdin, A. E. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.4.483 · Cited by 2,548
Autistic disturbances of affective contact.
Kanner, L. (1968) · PubMed · Cited by 2,282
BIRMAHER, B., BRENT, D. A., CHIAPPETTA, L., BRIDGE, J., MONGA, S., & BAUGHER, M. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199910000-00011 · Cited by 2,252
The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC): factor structure, reliability, and validity
MARCH, J. S., PARKER, J. D. A., SULLIVAN, K., STALLINGS, P., & CONNERS, C. K. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199704000-00019 · Cited by 2,236
Beesdo, K., Knappe, S., & Pine, D. S. (2009) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2009.06.002 · Cited by 1,703
Comorbid psychiatric disorders in children with autism: interview development and rates of disorders
Leyfer, O. T., Folstein, S. E., Bacalman, S., Davis, N. O., Dinh, E., Morgan, J., Tager-Flusberg, H., & Lainhart, J. E. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0123-0 · Cited by 1,637
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Albano A. M., 1996, The anxiety disorders interview schedule for children for DSM-IV: Clinician manual (child and parent versions)
- Beesdo K., 2009, Psychiatric Clinics, 32, 483
- Elliot C., 2007, Differential abilities scale—2nd edition (DAS-II) manual
- Kanner L., 1943, Nervous Child, 2, 217
- Lord C., 2012, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, second edition (ADOS-2) manual (Part I): Modules 1–4
- Rutter M., 2003, The social communication questionnaire: Manual
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A Scoping Review of Anxiety in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Vasa, R. A., Keefer, A., McDonald, R. G., Hunsche, M. C., & Kerns, C. M. (2020) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2395 · Cited by 127
Self-citationTrajectories of co-occurring psychopathology symptoms in autism from late childhood to adulthood
McCauley, J. B., Elias, R., & Lord, C. (2020) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579420000826 · Cited by 105
Drug development for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Progress, challenges, and future directions
McCracken, J. T., Anagnostou, E. A., Arango, C., Dawson, G., Farchione, T. R., Mantua, V., McPartland, J. C., Murphy, D., Pandina, G., & Veenstra-VanderWeele, J. M. (2021) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.05.010 · Cited by 89
Kerns, C. M., Lankenau, S. E., Shattuck, P. T., Robins, D. L., Newschaffer, C. J., & Berkowitz, S. J. (2022) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613211070637 · Cited by 82
Self-citationAnxiety and intellectual functioning in autistic children: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Mingins, J. E., Tarver, J., Waite, J., Jones, C. A., & Surtees, A. D. R. (2020) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361320953253 · Cited by 65
Metadata
- Authors
- Kerns, C. M., Winder-Patel, B., Iosif, A. M., Nordahl, C. W., Heath, B., Solomon, M., & Amaral, D. G.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- The MIND Institute, UC Davis
- University of California System (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kerns, Connor M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2020-01-23
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 780-795
- ISSN
- 1537-4416 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-4424
- PMC
- PMC9372909
- OpenAlex
- W3002322091
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 7
- FWCI
- 10.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2020-03-27)
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K23 HD087472, P50HD093079, U54HD079125)
- National Institute of Mental Health (1R01MH103371)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, intellectual disability, children, specific phobia, scale sensitivity, interest groups, fear of change
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adolescent, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Cognition, Humans, Phobic Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
