The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Well-to-wheel performance of internal combustion engine vehicles and electric vehicles – study for future Indian market
Abstract
Thanks to top-notch vehicle testing and internationally standardized inspections, the modes of transportation are cleaner and more efficient today. Though the development for conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) has almost saturated today, yet it retains the commercial/heavy-duty (trucks and buses) automobile market. Thus, it becomes of utmost importance to analyze the well-to-wheel efficiency for determining the overall energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while transitioning toward sustainable transportation. Electric vehicles (EVs) do have environmental impacts that are directly related to the country’s electricity generation, as they may involve fossil burning where other alternative sources of energy are not adequately present. This paper presents the overall energy efficiencies and GHG emissions from commercial/heavy-duty ICEVs and EVs. The study also briefly compares the other vehicle segments like 2 Wheeler, 3 Wheeler, and cars. Finally, the results show that commercial/heavy-duty ICEVs are advantageous over heavy-duty EVs when the GHG emissions are considered as of today. The commercial/heavy-duty ICEVs emit over 405 g CO2e/km, and counter EVs produce 706 g CO2e/km. The GHG emissions from 2 Wheeler ICEV were 46 g CO2e/km and by the same segment, EV is 13 g CO2e/km. Moving toward the car segment, an ICEV car produces around 158 g CO2e/km and an EV of a similar model emits 67 g CO2e/km. Furthermore, the 3 Wheeler ICEV emits around 9…
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“BEVs have a well-to-wheel efficiency ranging from 21% to 39%, with an average of 32%, compared to ICEVs' maximum overall energy efficiency of 28% [27].”
From Electric Vehicle Adoption: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Technological, Environmental, Organizational and Policy Impacts (2024) · cites this paper as [27]
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Grubb, M., Drummond, P., Poncia, A., McDowall, W., Popp, D., Samadi, S., Penasco, C., Gillingham, K. T., Smulders, S., Glachant, M., et al. (2021) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/abde07 · Cited by 173
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Zaino, R., Ahmed, V., Alhammadi, A. M., & Alghoush, M. (2024) · World Electric Vehicle Journal · doi:10.3390/wevj15080375 · Cited by 211
“BEVs have a well-to-wheel efficiency ranging from 21% to 39%, with an average of 32%, compared to ICEVs’ maximum overall energy efficiency of 28% [27].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Saini, H., Rama Rao, T., Saini, S., Anbazhagan, G., & Sharma, V.
- Affiliations
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology (IN)
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
- Business Operations, FEV India Pvt Ltd, Pune, India
- Corresponding author
- Anbazhagan, Geetha
- ORCID
- Saini, Harshit
- Venue
- Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2023-03-06
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2089-2111
- ISSN
- 1556-7036 (ISSN-L)
- 1556-7230
- OpenAlex
- W4323312069
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4
- FWCI
- 1.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Energy Sources Part A Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Vehicle emissions and performance
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies
- Keywords
- greenhouse gas emissions, electric vehicles, internal combustion engine vehicles, heavy vehicles, commercial vehicles, energy consumption, electricity mix, two-wheeled vehicles, three-wheeled vehicles, sustainable transport
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Well-to-wheel performance of internal combustion engine vehicles and electric vehicles – study for future Indian market. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/15567036.2023.2182844
- The paper
- Saini, H., Rama Rao, T., Saini, S., Anbazhagan, G., & Sharma, V. (2023). Well-to-wheel performance of internal combustion engine vehicles and electric vehicles – study for future Indian market. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2023.2182844
