What’s the Chatter About AI and School Leaders?
Abstract
This study offers lessons for P-12school leaders grappling with integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into learning, teaching, and schooling. The goal was to understand what leadership conversations were being had in the first year of the public’s use of ChatGPT and what advice was given to school leaders. We collected all the articles from 12 popular U.S. practitioner magazines and journals in the first year of ChatGPT’s release that focused on the intersection of AI and school leadership. We located 23 articles that directly provided suggestions and approaches for school leaders around AI in schools.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
School leaders serve as critical mediators between formal policy and classroom practice, shaping AI governance through organizational sensemaking and the distribution of responsibility.
“School leaders serve as critical mediators between formal policy and classroom practice, shaping AI governance through organizational sensemaking and the distribution of responsibility (Kesim et al., 2025; Richardson et al., 2025).”
From Policy Silence as Governance: AI Decision-Making, Responsibility, and Risk in K–12 Education (2026) · cites this paper as Richardson et al., 2025
Cites
Artificial intelligence in education: Addressing ethical challenges in K-12 settings
Akgun, S., & Greenhow, C. (2022) · AI and Ethics · doi:10.1007/s43681-021-00096-7 · Cited by 1,473 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Akgun and Greenhow (2022) outlined how AI has already strongly impacted educational settings and student learning.”
Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence in K–12 education (2017–2022)
Martin, F., Zhuang, M., & Schaefer, D. (2024) · Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100195 · Cited by 132 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In that same issue, Martin et al. (2024) conducted a systematic review of AI in K-12.”
Family as a Third Space for AI Literacies: How do children and parents learn about AI together?
Druga, S., Christoph, F. L., & Ko, A. J. (2022) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3491102.3502031 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Artificial Intelligence and K-12 Education: Possibilities, Pedagogies and Risks
Mintz, J., Holmes, W., Liu, L., & Perez-Ortiz, M. (2023) · Computers in the Schools · doi:10.1080/07380569.2023.2279870 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Policy Silence as Governance: AI Decision-Making, Responsibility, and Risk in K–12 Education
Miles, A. J., & Arar, K. (2026) · Improving Schools · doi:10.1177/13654802261470692
- Authors
- Richardson, J. W., Vedder, B. C., Roberts, A. B., & McLeod, S.
- Affiliations
- William & Mary (US)
- University of Denver (US)
- University of Colorado Denver (US)
- Corresponding author
- Richardson, Jayson W.
- Venue
- Leadership and Policy in Schools
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2025-01-02
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 103-116
- ISSN
- 1570-0763 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-5043
- OpenAlex
- W7126107966
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 1
- FWCI
- 24.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Leadership and Policy in Schools (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Artificial Intelligence in Education
- Social Sciences › Education › Education and Communication Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Keywords
- artificial intelligence in education, ChatGPT, school leadership, P-12 education, educational technology integration, school administrators
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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