Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence in K–12 education (2017–2022)
Open accessAbstract
The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has increased in all education sectors including K-12 settings where students can learn about AI and have an augmented learning experience using AI. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide a more complete and nuanced understanding of the role and impact of AI in K-12 education by synthesizing publication trends, AI research themes, AI methods and technology applications, and AI use by students and teachers in K-12 educational settings. The systematic review searched Web of Science and six databases indexed in EBSCO host. A PRISMA flow chart was applied to search and screen for studies. Articles were screened at the title, abstract and full-text level and coded and analyzed. Themes in 66 AI studies include AI as a predictor and indicator of academic behavior or performance, AI curriculum design, integrating AI in various subjects, evaluation of AI in education, AI to enhance learning environments and school operations, AI ethics, and the equity and safety of AI. AI methods were grouped into Supervised Learning, Unsupervised Learning and Reinforcement Learning. AI technology applications were Machine Learning (ML) model building tools, intelligent tutors, chat bot, educational games, AI robots and virtual reality devices. AI applications were mostly used by teachers for ML model demonstration, academic performance prediction and behavior prediction. AI was used by students for scientific discovery learning, improving learning experience and data driven decisions. This review has implications for K-12 school personnel and researchers. Practitioners can use the findings to implement AI in K-12 education. Researchers can benefit from the findings of the review but also build on the gap in research on AI K-12 education.
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A separate stream of reviews surveys GenAI's administrative, technical, and outcome-focused uses in teaching.
“A separate stream of reviews surveys GenAI's administrative, technical, and outcome-focused uses in teaching [35-38].”
From A Systematic Review of Generative AI in K–12: Mapping Goals, Activities, Roles, and Outcomes via the 3P Model (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
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InfluentialTeachers and AI: Understanding the factors influencing AI integration in K-12 education
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“…intelligence in education (AIEd) denotes the application of AI technologies, such as intelligent tutoring systems, chatbots, robots, and automated assessment tools, across various digital platforms to enhance educational performance across subjects (Chiu et al., 2023; Martin et al., 2024).”
Critical Artificial Intelligence literacy: A scoping review and framework synthesis
Veldhuis, A., Lo, P., Kenny, S., & Antle, A. N. (2024) · International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1016/j.ijcci.2024.100708 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Preparing future educators for AI-enhanced classrooms: Insights into AI literacy and integration
Kohnke, L., Zou, D., Ou, A. W., & Gu, M. M. (2025) · Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100398 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Intelligent educational technologies in individual learning: a systematic literature review
Kerimbayev, N., Akramova, А., Shadiev, R., & Altınay, Z. (2025) · Smart Learning Environments · doi:10.1186/s40561-024-00360-3 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
“Martin et al. (2023) outlined six themes regarding the implementation of intelligence, in their research findings.”
A scoping review of empirical studies on generative artificial intelligence in language education
Wang, Y., Zhang, T., Yao, L., & Seedhouse, P. (2025) · Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching · doi:10.1080/17501229.2025.2509759 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Voultsiou, E., & Moussiades, L. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13550-4 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“Southgate explores AI and VR’s impact on Science education engagement and performance (Southgate, 2019), a direction further investigated by Martin (Martin et al., 2024).”
InfluentialPrilop, C. N., Mah, D.-K., Jacobsen, L. J., Hansen, R. R., Weber, K. E., & Hoya, F. (2025) · Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100471 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Doğan, S., Nalbantoğlu, Ü. Y., Çelik, İ., & Dogan, N. (2025) · Professional Development in Education · doi:10.1080/19415257.2025.2454457 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Analyzing the Impact of AI Tools on Student Study Habits and Academic Performance
Ward, B., Bhati, D., Neha, F., & Guercio, A. (2025) · 2025 IEEE 15th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC) · doi:10.1109/ccwc62904.2025.10903692 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“Zawacki-Richter et al. (2019) [14] provide a comprehensive review of AI applications, highlighting the challenges and ethical concerns associated with its use in education, including issues of fairness, bias, and transparency.”
Marzano, D. (2026) · Technology, Knowledge and Learning · doi:10.1007/s10758-025-09853-7 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Topali, P., Haelermans, C., Molenaar, I., & Segers, E. (2025) · British Educational Research Journal · doi:10.1002/berj.4200 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Paglialunga, A., & Melogno, S. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15080806 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Yuwono, E. I., Tjondronegoro, D., Riverola, C., & Loy, J. (2024) · Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100272 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Fostering AI literacy in pre-service physics teachers: inputs from training and co-variables
Abdulayeva, A., Жанатбекова, Н., Andasbayev, Y. S., & Boribekova, F. (2025) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2025.1505420 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Salminen, J. O., Jung, S., Medina, J., Aldous, K. K., Azem, J. Y., Akhtar, W., & Jansen, B. J. J. (2024) · ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale (L@S) · doi:10.1145/3657604.3664690 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“A systematic review of students’ interaction with educational chatbots can be found in [5] and for K-12 students [7], while a meta-analysis shows positive e ff ects on learning outcomes [15].”
Aravantinos, S., Lavidas, K., Komis, V., Karalis, T., & Papadakis, S. (2026) · Computers · doi:10.3390/computers15010049 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“They also recognize ethical challenges [27,28] like algorithmic bias, academic integrity, privacy, digital divide, lack of emotional intelligence, and dependence on technology.”
What’s the Chatter About AI and School Leaders?
Richardson, J. W., Vedder, B. C., Roberts, A. B., & McLeod, S. (2025) · Leadership and Policy in Schools · doi:10.1080/15700763.2024.2409307 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“In that same issue, Martin et al. (2024) conducted a systematic review of AI in K-12.”
Bixler, K., & Ceballos, M. (2025) · Leadership and Policy in Schools · doi:10.1080/15700763.2024.2428297 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“…school and school district management platforms, support evidence-based decision making, engage in student predictive analytics, assist in student performance tracking, and support student advising (Chen et al., 2022; Chiu et al., 2023; Fullan et al., 2023; Martin et al., 2024; Wang, 2020, 2021).”
Yan, W., Nakajima, T., & Sawada, R. (2025) · Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100465 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Lin, X., & Tan, H. (2025) · Systems · doi:10.3390/systems13100840 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Meegan, J., & Young, K. (2025) · Technology Knowledge and Learning · doi:10.1007/s10758-025-09875-1 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“In their systematic review of AI use in K-12 education, Martin et al. (2023) synthesized AI publication trends, AI research themes, AI methods and technology applications, and AI use by students and teachers in K-12 educational settings between 2017 and May 2022, before the advent of ChatGPT or…”
Sok, S., Heng, K., & Pum, M. (2025) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440251353575 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“…be deployed to aid teachers in assessing and marking students’ work, resulting in the enhancement of grading consistency with detailed and helpful feedback and the reduction of teachers’ workloads, thereby saving their time and effort (Holmes & Tuomi, 2022; Ma et al., 2020; Martin et al., 2024).”
Guggemos, J. (2024) · Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100260 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Exploring pre-service teachers’ generative AI readiness and behavioral intentions
Bui, P., Korhonen, T., Kontkanen, S., Karme, S., Piispa-Hakala, S., & Veermans, M. (2025) · LUMAT International Journal on Math Science and Technology Education · doi:10.31129/lumat.13.1.2755 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Wen, Y., Wang, Z., & Guo, X. (2025) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2025.2524029 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“In some research, IMLs themselves have been classified as a form of AI application (e.g. Luckin et al., 2016; Martin et al., 2024; Zhang & Aslan, 2021).”
Du, H., Sun, Y., Jiang, H., Islam, A. Y. M. A., & Adarkwah, M. A. (2025) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2025.2556810 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in K–12 education is increasingly recognized for its potential benefits (Annamalai, 2025; Chiu, 2024; Crompton et al., 2024; Du et al. 2024; Martin et al., 2023; Velander et al., 2024; Wang et al., 2025).”
Artificial Intelligence in Education
Kujundziski, A. P., & Bojadjiev, J. (2024) · Advances in educational technologies and instructional design book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-4310-4.ch001 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Intelligent Classrooms: How AI and IoT Can Reshape Learning Spaces
Piratova, D. A. Q., Duarte, M. M. S., Chiappe, A., & Sáez-Delgado, F. (2025) · European Journal of Education · doi:10.1111/ejed.70000 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Xing, H., Wen, G. J., & Cortazzi, M. (2025) · European Journal of Education · doi:10.1111/ejed.70079 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Irwanto, I. (2025) · Discover Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00389-4 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“This is particularly significant as AI curricula, cognitive development levels, and teaching and learning practices in K-12 settings differ substantially from those in higher education [16].”
InfluentialHuang, R., Bao, Y., Wang, Y., & Wei, J. (2024) · Education and human development · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1007116 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Niyazova, G. Z., Duisekeyeva, B., Berdi, D., Usembayeva, I. B., & Миндетбаева, А. А. (2026) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2026.1754080 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Seung, Y., Basham, J. D., Kim, T., & Lohoefener, J. (2025) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1111/jcal.70144 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
DMP_AI: An AI-Aided K-12 System for Teaching and Learning in Diverse Schools
Yang, Z.-Q., Cao, J., Li, X., Wang, K., Zheng, X., Poon, K. C. F., & Lai, D. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-4442-8_9 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A Scoping Review on the Educational Applications of Generative AI in Primary and Secondary Education
Ahn, S., Lee, J., Park, J., Jung, S., & Song, J. (2024) · The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education · doi:10.32431/kace.2024.27.6.002 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Impacto de la Inteligencia Artificial en la formación de estudiantes de Educación superior
Ancco, F. D., Gonzales, K. R., & Chacón, L. (2024) · Yachay - Revista Científico Cultural · doi:10.36881/yachay.v13i1.782 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Pulari, S. R., & Jacob, S. G. (2025) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2025.02.122 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Yanti, F., Lufri, L., & Ahda, Y. (2025) · Open Education Studies · doi:10.1515/edu-2024-0053 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Intelligent tutoring systems and chatbots augment engagement and accommodate various learning styles (Martin, Zhuang, & Schaefer, 2024).”
Artificial intelligence impacts in education and pediatric mental health
Liberatore, G., Kim, A., Brenner, J., & Milanaik, R. L. (2025) · Current Opinion in Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/mop.0000000000001453 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Degen, B. (2025) · Computers and Education Open · doi:10.1016/j.caeo.2025.100278 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Tao, S. (2025) · AI Brain and Child · doi:10.1007/s44436-025-00024-0 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“On one hand, GenAI promises to revolutionize traditional teaching and learning through personalized learning pathways and the automation of administrative burdens (Martin et al., 2024 ).”
Suresh, C., Sunkesula, M. A., & Devaki, V. (2025) · Advances in educational technologies and instructional design book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-8191-5.ch015 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Güngör, İ. C., & Öztürk, T. (2025) · Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.34086/rteusbe.1660052 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Romero, M. E. Y. (2024) · Revista Social Fronteriza · doi:10.59814/resofro.2024.4(2)181 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Harnessing AI for Inclusive Teaching: Professional Development Strategies for Early Educators
Marras, A., Fornara, F., & Pasqualotto, A. (2025) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394352821.ch16 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Cipherbot: A Learning Platform for AI-Augmented Education
Jung, S., Medina, J., Aldous, K. K., Azem, J. Y., Salminen, J. O., & Jansen, B. J. J. (2025) · Augmented Humans International Conference (AHs) · doi:10.1145/3745900.3746106 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Traditional classroom environments face numerous challenges, including limited teacher availability, diverse learning preferences, and varying student progress rates [2–4, 8, 9].”
The Impact of AI on School Leadership Practices and Policy Enactment: A Scoping Literature Review
Mifsud, D., Campbell, P., & Niesche, R. (2026) · Leadership and Policy in Schools · doi:10.1080/15700763.2026.2679510 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Robinig, W., Burgsteiner, H., & Steinbauer-Wagner, G. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-93567-1_10 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
EFL Teachers’ Insights on Incorporating AI in Language Education
Karaoğlu, S. Ü., & Doğan, C. (2025) · Kuramsal Eğitimbilim · doi:10.30831/akukeg.1658985 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Rol de la Inteligencia Artificial en educación básica: un mapeo sistémico global
Vesga, A. R. S. , Castellanos, G. C., & Ricaurte, J. A. B. (2025) · Latinoamericana de Estudios Educativos · doi:10.17151/rlee.2024.20.2.3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Knowledge Management in Public Sector Innovation Optimized by Artificial Intelligence
Malvestiti, R., Pertile, L., Demarchi, M. P., Dandolini, G. A., & Machado, A. D. B. (2024) · Advances in electronic government, digital divide, and regional development book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-7678-2.ch012 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Cermakova, A. L., Prado, Y., & Kucirkova, N. I. (2024) · doi:10.31265/usps.277 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
AI Applications in Education: A review
Agherai, O., Aoula, E.-S., & Ahriz, S. (2025) · International Journal of Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.46300/9109.2025.19.4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Papachristou, E., Troussas, C., Krouska, A., & Sgouropoulou, C. (2025) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-06634-3_9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Intelligent learning systems in primary and secondary education: a systematic review (2014–2024)
Salazar, E. M. C., & González, D. C. B. (2026) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2026.1720377 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Artificial Intelligence in Schools
Zoelfakar, N., & Ibrahim, A. S. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-0388-6.ch002 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Generative AI use and academic achievement: a cross-sectional study of Czech seventh-grade students
Lintner, T., Juhaňák, L., Žáková, M., Plch, L., & Ropovik, I. (2026) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-026-14002-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“However, much of the existing evidence focuses on higher education (Bond et al., 2024) or adult learners (Storey & Wagner, 2024), while compulsory education remains comparatively underexamined (Martin et al., 2024; Zawacki-Richter et al., 2019).”
Evaluación formativa mediada por inteligencia artificial generativa en Educación General Básica.
Sánchez-Vásquez, M. C., Sánchez-Vásquez, M. C., Sánchez-Sánchez, D. K., & Vera-Vera, N. A. (2026) · Innova Science Journal · doi:10.63618/omd/isj/v4/n2/318 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kaharuddin, A., Tulak, T., & Tulak, H. (2026) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-026-10702-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Matkovič, M. (2024) · GAMTAMOKSLINIS UGDYMAS / NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION · doi:10.48127/gu-nse/24.21.42 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Realidad virtual para la optimización del aprendizaje de las matemáticas.
Loor, L. C., & Veliz, M. J. R. (2025) · Revista Científica Multidisciplinar G-nerando · doi:10.60100/rcmg.v6i1.404 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kasat, K., Sinha, U., Juneja, S., Ghatge, A., Thorat, N., & Shaikh, N. (2025) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-81458-7_11 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Inclusive Education with AI : Supporting Special Needs and Overcoming Language Barriers
Fortis, A., Villarroya, M., Fazendeiro, P., Expósito, E., & Pedro, N. (2025) · doi:10.1002/9781394352821.ch11 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Peñafiel, Y. B., & Sánchez, B. A. N. (2024) · INNOVA Research Journal · doi:10.33890/innova.v9.n4.2024.2682 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Muhanna, W. A. A. (2025) · International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning · doi:10.1504/ijtel.2025.146302 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Examining AI Perceptions and Utilization Among Agricultural Educators in Utah
Pehrson, S., Sorensen, T. J., Wood, M. J., Burrows, M., & Furse, J. S. (2025) · Journal of Agricultural Education · doi:10.5032/jae.v66i3.2910 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ashley, M. S. (2025) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-1122-7.ch003 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Pedagogically Intelligent Smart Campuses for AI-Mediated and Equity-Centered Knowledge Production
Alam, A. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-6831-3.ch010 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bridging Theory and Practice in AI-Driven Assessments for UAE K-12 Education
Ghreir, H., Hamash, M., Boulhrir, T., Zakaria, M. A. Z. M., Tiernan, P., & Donlon, E. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Engineering Education (ICEED) · doi:10.1109/iceed66794.2025.11400464 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“For example, employing AI to predict student performance and behaviour raises questions about possible biases in the algorithms, which could reinforce existing inequalities in the education system [12].”
Wuwen, Z., Yu, H., Xia, M., Yang, M., & Ja, J. (2026) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-026-14030-z · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…in K-12 education has been fundamentally reshaped, with its applications transcending traditional aux - iliary functions to directly intervene in and influence core pedagogical interactions and knowledge construction processes (Holmes & Tuomi, 2022 ; Martin et al., 2024; Burroughs, 2025).”
Yurdunkulu, A. (2026) · Contemporary Educational Technology · doi:10.30935/cedtech/18577 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Xiangyu, W., Xiaoyun, W., & Yao, P. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9435821/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
AI-K12 Connect: Shaping Tomorrow’s Scholars
Singhal, A., Singh, R., & Jansi, K. R. (2024) · International Conference on Networking and Communications (ICNWC) · doi:10.1109/icnwc60771.2024.10537401
Kuptavanich, K., Wita, R., & Phoungsub, M. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-0692-4_26
Roles of AI in Supporting Ongoing EFL/ESL Teacher Development
Bergil, A. S. (2025) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-0969-9.ch009
Exploring the Integration of AI in Interactive Lesson Planning: A Study of Delhi NCR Teachers
Karthikeyan, P. (2025) · International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research · doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i04.50181
“The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into educational settings has transformed traditional pedagogical approaches, enabling more personalized, engaging, and data-driven teaching practices[1].”
Luo, S., Zhang, W., Zheng, R., & Wang, A. (2025) · International Conference on Computer Science and Technologies in Education (CSTE) · doi:10.1109/cste64638.2025.11091925
“Generative AI technology is also widely applied in curriculum design, instructional design, and chatbot development, among other areas[27].”
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Primary Education: A Case Study in Portugal
Silva, A. M., Sousa, A. I., Saraiva, E., Rodrigues, P., Silveira, F., & Barbot, A. (2025) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-02675-0_5
Vishnu, S., Priyanga, S., Priya, S. B., & Madeswaran, T. (2025) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-6791-0.ch009
Valencia-Vargas, J. L., Paucar-La-Rosa, S. A., Rojas, J., Nallusamy, S., & Quiroz-Flores, J. C. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7530791/v1
Exploring Studies on the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Meta-Synthesis Study
Koç, H., & Uzun, A. M. (2025) · Erzincan Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.17556/erziefd.1680480
Maaliw, R. R., III, Alinea, J. M. L., Manalo, K. N., Bello, D. S., Danganan, R. V., & Seño, M. P. (2025) · International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Technologies (ICAIET) · doi:10.1109/icaiet65052.2025.11211453
“It should include automation and data-driven work places [4].”
Sarkar, R. (2025) · Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood · doi:10.1177/14639491251395402
Educators’ AI Journey: Developing AI Competencies in a Professional Development Program
Cheng, J., Gao, Y., Liu, X., Barany, A., & Chen, B. (2025) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-12229-2_2
Personal Resources in AI-Assisted Translation
Pietrzak, P. (2025) · Research in Language · doi:10.18778/1731-7533.23.01
“Indeed, the integration of generative AI (GenAI) in translator education has gained popularity (e.g. Chiu et al. 2023, Martin et al. 2023, Sun et al. 2025) and some scholars advocate its inclusion, for example by incorporating AI-assisted translation exercises into teaching (Chen 2025, Jiang 2025).”
The Role of AI and Machine Translation in Students’ Translation Training
Kałużna, A. (2025) · Research in Language · doi:10.18778/1731-7533.23.07
“The topic of the use of AI in education has gained on popularity (Martin et al. 2023).”
Students, Learning, Classrooms and Schools
Reimers, F., Azim, Z., Palomo, M.-R., & Thony, C. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-11449-5_3
Girard, M.-A., Roy, N., & Roméro, M. (2025) · Enjeux et société Approches transdisciplinaires · doi:10.7202/1122020ar · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Multi-Agent Environment With Artificial Intelligence for English Language Learning and Teaching
Slyusar, V. I. (2025) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-3561-2.ch006
Maritasari, D. B., -, D. A., & Hudri, M. (2025) · Tadris Jurnal Keguruan dan Ilmu Tarbiyah · doi:10.24042/tadris.v10i1.28626
School Violence: A Systemic Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Detection
Barrios-Cogollo, C., Gómez, J. G., & De-La-Hoz-Franco, E. (2026) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-10731-2_15
Zhao, H., Dong, J., & Song, J. (2025) · International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Future Education (AIFE) · doi:10.1145/3785987.3786030
“Furthermore, interaction theory underscores the significance of active involvement with both educational content and peers, a dynamic that can be effectively supported by intelligent agents through adaptive learning systems and real-time feedback mechanisms [5].”
AI-Driven Personalized Teaching Models in Higher Education Painting Courses
Cui, B. (2025) · International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Future Education (AIFE) · doi:10.1145/3785987.3786088
İngilizce Öğretmenlerinin Dil Eğitimine Yapay Zekanın Dahil Edilmesine İlişkin Görüşleri
Karaoğlu, S. Ü., & Doğan, C. (2025) · DergiPark (Istanbul University)
Aldous, K. K., Salminen, J. O., Jung, S.-G., Azem, J. Y., Medina, J., Khan, S. M., Alabed, A., & Jansen, B. J. (2025) · International Conference on Foundation and Large Language Models (FLLM) · doi:10.1109/fllm67465.2025.11390874
“Multiple attempts to develop educational chatbots have been documented [6], [11], evolving from rule-based systems limited in handling complex queries [22]–[25] to more adaptive large language model (LLM)-based systems capable of natural dialogue and personalized interactions that adjust to…”
AI-Driven Innovations in Mathematics Education
Jita, T., Jita, L. C., & Omoniyi, A. A. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-0101-1.ch009
Teachers' Artificial Intelligence Practices, Benefits, and Challenges
Aravantinos, S., Lavidas, K., Papadakis, S., Karalis, T., & Komis, V. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-0101-1.ch012
Yassin, A., Surjono, H. D., Ghufron, A., Upahi, J. E., & Fadli, R. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-0101-1.ch002 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
AI-Powered Virtual Teachers and Their Role in Developing Critical Thinking Skills
Aksin, A. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-2637-5.ch008
- Authors
- Martin, F., Zhuang, M., & Schaefer, D.
- Affiliations
- North Carolina State University (US)
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte (US)
- Corresponding author
- Martin, Florence
- Venue
- Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-06
- Volume
- 6
- Pages
- 100195
- ISSN
- 2666-920X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4390154952
- Semantic Scholar
- b3e704df385ec074a58d6468ac60746cd16a2178
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 70 · 2024: 16
- FWCI
- 5.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Artificial Intelligence in Education
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Keywords
- artificial intelligence in education, K-12 education, student performance prediction, student behavior prediction, AI curriculum design, intelligent tutoring systems, chatbots, game-based learning, AI robots, virtual reality in education, AI ethics, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, machine learning in education, teacher use of AI, student use of AI
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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