Cited by 421Behavioral Health and InterventionsMedication Adherence and ComplianceMedia Influence and Health

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Evaluating the effectiveness of health belief model interventions in improving adherence: a systematic review

Open access

Jones, Christina Jane, Smith, Helen, Llewellyn, Carrie·2014·Health Psychology Review

DOI 10.1080/17437199.2013.802623

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Abstract

Lack of adherence to health-promoting advice challenges the successful prevention and management of many conditions. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was developed in 1966 to predict health-promoting behaviour and has been used in patients with wide variety of disease. The HBM has also been used to inform the development of interventions to improve health behaviours. Several reviews have documented the HBM's performance in predicting behaviour, but no review has addressed its utility in the design of interventions or the efficacy of these interventions. A systematic review was conducted to identify interventional studies which use the HBM as the theoretical basis for intervention design. The HBM has been used continuously in the development of behaviour change interventions for 40 years. Of 18 eligible studies, 14 (78%) reported significant improvements in adherence, with 7 (39%) showing moderate to large effects. However, only six studies used the HBM in its entirety and five different studies measured health beliefs as outcomes. Intervention success appeared to be unrelated to HBM construct addressed challenging the utility of this model as the theoretical basis for adherence-enhancing interventions. Interventions need to be described in full to allow for the identification of effective components and replication of studies.

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Index
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ประสทธผลโปรแกรมลดดชนมวลกายตามอายโดยประยกตใชแบบจำลองความเชอดานสขภาพในนกเรยนมธยมศกษาตอนตนทมภาวะนำหนกเกน
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Seminar, A. U., Sarwoprasodjo, S., Khomsan, A., Alfiani, D., & Sianturi, S. E. (2024) · Interaksi Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi · doi:10.14710/interaksi.13.2.282-302
COVID-19-Related Beliefs and Dietary Behaviors of American Undergraduate Students Vary by Race via the Lens of the Health Belief Model
Liou, D., & Lee, J. M. (2025) · COVID · doi:10.3390/covid5070102
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Wang, T., Zhou, T., & Huang, Z. (2024) · International Conference on Health Big Data and Intelligent Healthcare (ICHIH) · doi:10.1109/ichih63459.2024.11064879
“These findings show that enhancing health beliefs can significantly improve adherence of intervention, which is consistent with previous study [16] .”
Representation of the Perceived Severity of Alcoholism in Vernacular Commercial Radio Messages Promoting Behaviour Change in Central Kenya
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“Providing information about health consequences is one of the most used techniques in promoting behaviour change (Jones, Smith, and Llewellyn 2014).”
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“65 Phase 2: Re ﬁ ne Ethical considerations.”
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“18”
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“The present findings are consistent with previously identified limitations of weight loss education informed by the health belief model [55] and benefits of cognitive–behavioral approaches supported by social cognitive theory [56].”
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Additional file 4 of Implementation-effectiveness trial of systematic family health history based risk assessment and impact on clinical disease prevention and surveillance activities
Wu, R. R., Myers, R. A., Neuner, J., McCarty, C., Haller, I. V., Harry, M. L., Fulda, K. G., Dimmock, D., Rakhra-Burris, T. K., Buchanan, A., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26551027
Additional file 2 of Implementation-effectiveness trial of systematic family health history based risk assessment and impact on clinical disease prevention and surveillance activities
Wu, R. R., Myers, R. A., Neuner, J., McCarty, C., Haller, I. V., Harry, M. L., Fulda, K. G., Dimmock, D., Rakhra-Burris, T. K., Buchanan, A., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26551009
Additional file 3 of Implementation-effectiveness trial of systematic family health history based risk assessment and impact on clinical disease prevention and surveillance activities
Wu, R. R., Myers, R. A., Neuner, J., McCarty, C., Haller, I. V., Harry, M. L., Fulda, K. G., Dimmock, D., Rakhra-Burris, T. K., Buchanan, A., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26551024
Additional file 1 of A behaviour change intervention to reduce home exposure to second hand smoke during pregnancy in India and Bangladesh: a theory and evidence-based approach to development
Satyanarayana, V. A., Jackson, C., Siddiqi, K., Chandra, P. S., Huque, R., Dherani, M., Nasreen, S., Murthy, P., & Rahman, A. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14252043
Additional file 1 of Evaluating the effect of educational intervention based on the health belief model on the lifestyle related to premenstrual syndrome and reduction of its symptoms among the first-grade high school girls
Khalilzadeh, P., Iranagh, J. A., Khalkhali, H. R., & Maheri, M. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23265110
Additional file 1 of Implementation-effectiveness trial of systematic family health history based risk assessment and impact on clinical disease prevention and surveillance activities
Wu, R. R., Myers, R. A., Neuner, J., McCarty, C., Haller, I. V., Harry, M. L., Fulda, K. G., Dimmock, D., Rakhra-Burris, T. K., Buchanan, A., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26551006
Correlation Between Health Beliefs and Mask-Wearing During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Wierenga, K. L., Ferguson, H., Barker, C., Davidson, A. M., Nordhoff, E. K., Wilkerson, K. J., Wurth, M. L., & Moore, S. E. (2026) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/01939459251397770
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Gosadi, A. M., Gosadi, I. M., Syed, N. K., Khubrani, M. A., Mashi, R. M. A., Adawi, L. A., Alfaify, M. J., AlQahtani, A., Abuhadi, M. M., Qaysi, K. M., et al. (2026) · Discover Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12982-026-01485-1
“Our findings suggest that enhancing awareness (thus increasing the perceived threat) and reforming pharmacy practice (thus lowering the perceived barriers) could, in turn, make patients more receptive to pharmacist-led counseling and interventions [46].”
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“Such a view is consistent with the health belief model (Jones et al. 2014; Kasl and Cobb 1966) and broader theories of Bayesian belief formation often used in political communication literature (Hafer, Izzo, and Landa 2025; Hill 2017), positing that individuals adjust health behaviors as a function…”
Assessing the Economic Value of Livestock Vaccination: Empirical Evidence from Southern Ethiopia
Chumburo, A., Cucchi, C., Tafesse, A., Mekonnen, A. B., Recha, J. W., & Osano, P. M. (2026) · Agriculture · doi:10.3390/agriculture16060688
“The beliefs, if properly studied, can inform policy interventions, strategies for promoting vaccine uptake, and future research aimed at improving animal health outcomes and agricultural sustainability [22].”

Authors: Jones, C. J., Smith, H., & Llewellyn, C.
Affiliations: Brighton and Sussex Medical School (GB)
Corresponding author: Jones, Christina Jane
ORCID: Jones, Christina Jane
Smith, Helen
Llewellyn, Carrie
Venue: Health Psychology Review
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2013-06-12
Volume: 8
Issue: 3
Pages: 253-269
ISSN: 1743-7199 (ISSN-L)
1743-7202
DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2013.802623
OpenAlex: W2069208833
Cited by: 421
References: 57
Citations by year: 2026: 30 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 92 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1
FWCI: 1.10
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
figshare.com
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Health Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex) (submittedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Medication Adherence and Compliance
Social Sciences › Communication › Media Influence and Health
Keywords: Health Belief Model, medication adherence, behaviour change interventions, intervention effectiveness, health beliefs, health behavior
MeSH terms: Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Models, Psychological, Patient Compliance, Health Behavior

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Evaluating the effectiveness of health belief model interventions in improving adherence: a systematic review

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