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Cited by 28Nail Diseases and TreatmentsAdvancements in Transdermal Drug DeliveryDrug Solubulity and Delivery Systems

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Parameters that determine dissolution and efficacy of itraconazole and its relevance to recalcitrant dermatophytoses

Sardana, Kabir, Khurana, Ananta, Gupta, Aastha·2019·Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology
DOI 10.1080/17512433.2019.1604218
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Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Recalcitrant dermatophytoses is on the rise. Though myriad factors contribute to recalcitrance including terbinafine resistance, itraconazole largely remains sensitive. However, there are increasing instances of patients not responding adequately to itraconazole despite low MICs, probably due to issues plaguing the pelletization process, resulting in suboptimal quality. Data on this topic was searched on pubmed using the search items: itraconazole, MIC, MFC, quality, assay, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, dermatophytoses, and recalcitrance. Areas covered: A detailed analysis of the manufacturing process of itraconazole with emphasis on pelletization and parameters affecting the dissolution and bioavailability is presented. Important formulation factors including drug-polymer ratio, polymer type, coating thickness, bead size, and number are discussed. Also covered is the rationale of dosimetry of itraconazole in dermatophytoses based on the skin pharmacokinetics and MIC of the organism. Expert opinion: The process of pelletization has multiple components aiming to achieve maximum dissolution of the drug. Variations in the process, pellet quality, number, and polymer determine absorption. Morphometric analysis of pellets is a simple method to quantify quality of the drug. Once the process has been standardized, dosimetry depends on the route of secretion and site of infection, accounting for the variation of doses from 100 mg to 400 mg/day.

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Cited by

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Metadata

Authors
Sardana, K., Khurana, A., & Gupta, A.
Affiliations
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital (IN)
Corresponding author
Sardana, Kabir
ORCID
Venue
Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2019-04-22
Volume
12
Issue
5
Pages
443-452
ISSN
  • 1751-2433 (ISSN-L)
  • 1751-2441
DOI
10.1080/17512433.2019.1604218
OpenAlex
W2933163054
Cited by
28
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3
FWCI
0.37
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Nail Diseases and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
Keywords
itraconazole, antifungal resistance, pelletization, drug dissolution, bioavailability, drug-polymer ratio, polymer coatings, coating thickness, bead size, morphometrics, skin pharmacokinetics, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum fungicidal concentration, dosimetry, terbinafine resistance
MeSH terms
Antifungal Agents, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Drug Compounding, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Polymers, Solubility, Tinea, Treatment Outcome, Itraconazole

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Parameters that determine dissolution and efficacy of itraconazole and its relevance to recalcitrant dermatophytoses. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/17512433.2019.1604218
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Sardana, K., Khurana, A., & Gupta, A. (2019). Parameters that determine dissolution and efficacy of itraconazole and its relevance to recalcitrant dermatophytoses. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2019.1604218

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