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Cited by 27Stalking, Cyberstalking, and HarassmentGender, Feminism, and MediaJournalism and Media Studies

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“Journalists are Prepared for Critical Situations … but We are Not Prepared for This”: Empirical and Structural Dimensions of Gendered Online Harassment

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Sampaio-Dias, Susana, Silveirinha, Maria João, Garcez, Bibiana, Subtil, Filipa, Miranda, João, Cerqueira, Carla·2024·Journalism Practice
DOI 10.1080/17512786.2023.2250755
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Abstract

This article discusses online harassment against women journalists exploring self-reported incidents, effects, and trust in safety mechanisms.Drawing on twenty-five semi-structured interviews of women journalists in Portugal, we use a feminist and critical realist framework to explore the causal structures and generative mechanisms that explain their vulnerability to online abuse.We identify three overarching themes: increasing visibility in a context of higher hostility towards journalism and insufficient safety mechanisms; intersectional gender inequality and cultural mores that foster it; and (individual) responses to harassment.These themes show that women journalists' actions are both constrained and enabled by existing structures and cultural attitudes.While they tend to deny harassment is caused by their gender, seeing it mainly because of their job, they admit the sexualised and gendered nature of the insults, seeing this as an added offence not experienced by their male counterparts.They also see harassment as a continuation of inequality and prevailing sexism and find the protection mechanisms insufficient and ineffective.As a result, they assume an extra burden of emotional labour to deal with online bullying, admitting self-censoring and the need to develop resilience strategies.

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Metadata

Authors
Sampaio-Dias, S., Silveirinha, M. J., Garcez, B., Subtil, F., Miranda, J., & Cerqueira, C.
Affiliations
  • School of Film Media and Communication, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
  • ICNOVA, Lisbon, Portugal
  • University of Coimbra (PT)
  • Universidade Politécnica de Lisboa (PT)
  • Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
  • Universidade Lusófona (PT)
ORCID
Venue
Journalism Practice
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2023-08-23
Volume
18
Issue
2
Pages
301-318
ISSN
  • 1751-2786 (ISSN-L)
  • 1751-2794
DOI
10.1080/17512786.2023.2250755
OpenAlex
W4386140523
Cited by
27
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1
FWCI
9.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journalism Practice (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Stalking, Cyberstalking, and Harassment
  • Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Feminism, and Media
  • Social Sciences › Communication › Journalism and Media Studies
Keywords
online harassment, women journalists, gender-based harassment, intersectionality, sexism, safety mechanisms, self-censorship, emotional labor, resilience strategies

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: “Journalists are Prepared for Critical Situations … but We are Not Prepared for This”: Empirical and Structural Dimensions of Gendered Online Harassment. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/17512786.2023.2250755
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Sampaio-Dias, S., Silveirinha, M. J., Garcez, B., Subtil, F., Miranda, J., & Cerqueira, C. (2024). “Journalists are Prepared for Critical Situations … but We are Not Prepared for This”: Empirical and Structural Dimensions of Gendered Online Harassment. Journalism Practice. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2023.2250755