Is designing therapeutic? A case study exploring the experience of co-design and psychosis.

“As (Smith et al., 2009) describe, ideography, one of IPAs tenets, is an argument for a focus on the particular, which leads to a re-evaluation of the importance of the single case study.”

“The lead author facilitated the project, and was responsible for data analysis, so it should be acknowledged that to a certain extent, the transmission of assumptions, values, interest and emotions within the research project are inevitable (Starks & Brown Trinidad, 2007).”

“Subsequently, a version of cultural probes was used (Gaver et al., 1999), which Anthony called cultural specimens ( Figure 1).”

“Sass and Parnas (2003) discuss that in psychopathological conditions such as schizophrenia, there can be no clear sense of goal-directedness, or associated differentiation of means from goal, no reason for attention to wend outward toward the world, rather than inward towards one’s own body or…”

“Secondly, the development of person-centered care, which focuses on an individual’s unique goals and life circumstances (Dixon et al., 2016), acknowledging experiential knowledge.”

“Co-designers work alongside users or stakeholders to develop ideas, products or services in a relationship which acknowledges participants as experts by experience (See, Sanders, 2000).”

“Firstly, the rise of the recovery movement, which broadly focuses on restoring functioning above and beyond symptom reduction and recognizes the ability of people with mental health problems to participate in society (Davidson, 2016).”

“…and wellbeing (see, Petermans & Cain, 2020) and within mental health (e.g Amiri, Wagenfeld & Reynolds, 2017; Cooper et al., 2016; Craig, 2017; Larkin et al., 2015; Mulvale et al., 2016; Ospina-Pinillos et al., 2019; Tsekleves, 2020; Warwick et al., 2018), the potential of design activity per…”

“…2020) and within mental health (e.g Amiri, Wagenfeld & Reynolds, 2017; Cooper et al., 2016; Craig, 2017; Larkin et al., 2015; Mulvale et al., 2016; Ospina-Pinillos et al., 2019; Tsekleves, 2020; Warwick et al., 2018), the potential of design activity per se to support mental health remains…”

“…Petermans & Cain, 2020) and within mental health (e.g Amiri, Wagenfeld & Reynolds, 2017; Cooper et al., 2016; Craig, 2017; Larkin et al., 2015; Mulvale et al., 2016; Ospina-Pinillos et al., 2019; Tsekleves, 2020; Warwick et al., 2018), the potential of design activity per se to support mental…”

“This resonates with recent research by Kannengiesser and Gero (2019) who present an ontological model of fast and slow design thinking based on Daniel Kahneman’s model of human cognition which incorporates a fast and intuitive thinking system and a slow and tedious one.”

“In schizophrenia, the loss of the vital, embodied contact with reality may be expressed in complaints about a certain opacity of consciousness, like feeling in a fog, or a general existential feeling of being alien to the world (Fuchs & Röhricht, 2017).”

“Non-pharmacological interventions, such as art or occupational therapies, are well known, however design-oriented approaches are scarce (Blake et al., 2016; Glazzard et al., 2015; Kaasgaard & Lauritsen, 1997; Kettley et al., 2016; Mužina, 2020; Nakarada-Kordic et al., 2017; Wadley et al., 2013).”

“Isham et al. (2021) pinpoint that being rejected or ridiculed by others (social harm) for one’s beliefs or associated behaviours is one of the possible harms of “delusions of exclusivity”, a term they use to replace “delusions of grandiosity”.”

“Non-pharmacological interventions, such as art or occupational therapies, are well known, however design-oriented approaches are scarce (Blake et al., 2016; Glazzard et al., 2015; Kaasgaard & Lauritsen, 1997; Kettley et al., 2016; Mužina, 2020; Nakarada-Kordic et al., 2017; Wadley et al., 2013).”

“…using design in the context of health and wellbeing (see, Petermans & Cain, 2020) and within mental health (e.g Amiri, Wagenfeld & Reynolds, 2017; Cooper et al., 2016; Craig, 2017; Larkin et al., 2015; Mulvale et al., 2016; Ospina-Pinillos et al., 2019; Tsekleves, 2020; Warwick et al., 2018),…”

“Although he emphasizes on the differences between designing and art, some of his experiences, such as that of relating unselfconsciously with others, align with conclusions made by Lynch et al. (2019), who suggest art therapy may act like a buffer, giving autonomy over communicating.”

“Despite a fast-growing interest in using design in the context of health and wellbeing (see, Petermans & Cain, 2020) and within mental health (e.g Amiri, Wagenfeld & Reynolds, 2017; Cooper et al., 2016; Craig, 2017; Larkin et al., 2015; Mulvale et al., 2016; Ospina-Pinillos et al., 2019; Tsekleves, 2020; Warwick et al…”

“…and within mental health (e.g Amiri, Wagenfeld & Reynolds, 2017; Cooper et al., 2016; Craig, 2017; Larkin et al., 2015; Mulvale et al., 2016; Ospina-Pinillos et al., 2019; Tsekleves, 2020; Warwick et al., 2018), the potential of design activity per se to support mental health remains unexplored.”

“Non-pharmacological interventions, such as art or occupational therapies, are well known, however design-oriented approaches are scarce (Blake et al., 2016; Glazzard et al., 2015; Kaasgaard & Lauritsen, 1997; Kettley et al., 2016; Mužina, 2020; Nakarada-Kordic et al., 2017; Wadley et al., 2013).”

“…context of health and wellbeing (see, Petermans & Cain, 2020) and within mental health (e.g Amiri, Wagenfeld & Reynolds, 2017; Cooper et al., 2016; Craig, 2017; Larkin et al., 2015; Mulvale et al., 2016; Ospina-Pinillos et al., 2019; Tsekleves, 2020; Warwick et al., 2018), the potential of design…”

“A total of 18 (55%) studies of the 33 s tudies included adul t par t ic ipants [43-47,49-51,54,55,58,60-65,71,72], 6 (18%) studies described their participants as young people [6,52,53,56,59,70], 3 (9%) studies described their participants as adolescents [45,68,73], and 6 (18%) did not specify the age group of their p…”

“For example, studies show that design activity could be therapeutic for some people with psychosis (Illarregi et al. 2022) and can help draw out their unique experiences and perspectives (Nakarada-Kordic et al. 2017).”

“…a virtual reality intervention for people with psychosis [48], while others, much like the IPA study, emphasized that people with lived experience can be strong collaborators in a design process [49] and sometimes even touched upon the therapeutic potential of the activity of designing itself [50].”